XMPP, HTTP and UPnP

XMPP, HTTP and UPnP
AUTHOR : ITVOYAGERS
WEBSITE : ITVOYAGERS.IN

Content
XMPP
 Stack
 XMPP Network
 Stanzas
 Jabber Identification (JID)
HTTP
 URL Division
 HTTP Methods
UPnP
 Features
 Demerits
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XMPP(Extensible Messaging and Presence
Protocol)
XMPP was first published in 1999 and 2000 in RFC 3920.
In 2002 XMPP working group was formed by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) to formalize
the core protocols.
XMPP is communication protocol
XMPP is based on XML.
There was a need for protocol which can transmit data between different platforms and
applications here is when XMPP comes in picture.
XMPP helps us to transmit data between different platforms and applications.
XMPP is great for IOT devices.

XMPP Stack
4
XMPP Protocol
Libraries for platform
User Application
XMPP has libraries for most of the platforms out there, this feature of XMPP makes it great
transmission protocol for IOT devices.
Even though there are different application which will no interact with each other, but with
XMPP data transmission between those application is possible.
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5
Server1.com
Server2.com Server3.com
User-Z@Server.com/Mobile
User-B@Server1.com/PC1
User-B@Server1.com/Mobile1
User-C@Server2.com/PC1
User-C@Server2.com/Mobile1
User-D@Server3.com/PC1
User-A@Server3.com/Tablet1
User-A@Server1.com/PC1
Username Domain Resource
XMPP JID
XMPP Network
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Jabber Identification (JID)
Each XMPP entity has unique ID also for its separate devices, which is known as JID (Jabber
Identification).
JID is divided in 3 parts.
 Username : username of entity.
 Domain : Server name.
 Resource : Devices name.
Resource helps to identify devices is uniquely even though they are used by same entity.

XMPP Stanzas
The <message> Stanzas is use to transmit information between XMPP devices.
Following are the types of stanzas.
Message
 When we want to send message, we use <message> stanza.
Presence
 Each time XMPP device change its status, <presence> stanzas are broadcasted.
 It controls the subscription status between devices.
Information/Query (IQ)
 The <iq> stanza is used to request or modify data, it acts like HTML’s GET and POST methods.

HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
HTTP is an application layer protocol.
HTTP is foundation for WWW.
In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee at CERN initiated the Development of HTTP.
HTTP uses TCP for communication.
HTTP is request/response protocol based on client/server model.
Client generates a request from application (most of the time application is web browser) and
server (system hosting website or other resources).
Client requests for the resources like HTML pages, multimedia files, etc.
Server generates dynamic response according to client’s request.

HTTP
Path for resources is known as URL (Uniform Resource Locator).
Credits : Wikipedia
URL is divided in above parts.
By default port number for HTTP on server is port 80.
There is no need for a server to store information, state or time duration of request so HTTP
works as a stateless protocol.

HTTP Methods
HTTP provides methods which help client to perform certain actions on data in server.
Following are the methods HTTP provides.
HTTP/1.0 Specification
 GET
 POST
 HEAD
HTTP/1.1 Specification
 PUT
 DELETE
 TRACE
 OPTIONS
 CONNECT
 PATCH

HTTP
Some websites needs to store information regarding sessions hence they use server side
sessions over HTTP cookies.
HTTP sends message in plain text format which is not secured, to over come this disadvantage
HTTPS was developed.
HTTPS uses port 443 for communication.
HTTPS runs over TLS or SSL.
HTTPS encrypts the messages before sending.

UPnP (Universal Plug and Play)
UPnP was develop to set network among systems like personal computer, TV, printer, mobile
devices, internet gateway, etc. to share data.
UPnP uses HTTP and runs over IP to provide connection.
UPnP is managed by OCF (Open Connectivity Foundation).
Device search requests are carried out using HTTP on top of UDP using multicast(HTTPMU),
response is send using UPD but using unicast(HTTPU)
As the name suggest once devices are plug in to a network they will establish communication
with other devices by themselves, there is no need for configuration.
Group vendors involve in creation of UPnP, hence almost out there supports UPnP.

UPnP Features
Media independence
 UPnP runs on media which supports IP, e.g. Ethernet, FireWire, IR, RF, etc.
User Interface Control
 UPnP allows you to present devices using web browser.
OS and Programming Language independence
 UPnP is dependent on any OS or programming language, any OS and programming can be use to
develop UPnP device, most of them have UPnP libraries.
Extensibility
 In UPnP any product can have its own service layer on top of basic architecture.

UPnP Demerits
Authentication
 UPnP doesn’t have any authentication system, it has to depend on other security services.
Access from internet
 Devices in UPnP can be accessed from out side the network, which makes more vulnerable.
IGMP(Internet Group Management Protocol) snooping
 IGMP snooping is enabled on a switch, or more commonly a wireless router/switch, it will interfere with
UPnP devices if incorrectly or incompletely configured, making UPnP appear unreliable

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XMPP, HTTP and UPnP

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