1. Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in children worldwide, killing 1.6 million children per year. It is commonly caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi and risk factors include malnutrition, indoor air pollution, and parental smoking. 2. Clinical features may include fever, cough, difficulty breathing, and abnormal chest exam or X-ray findings. Treatment involves antibiotics for bacterial cases, supportive care, and prevention through immunizations. 3. Asthma is a common chronic respiratory condition in children characterized by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness leading to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. It has both genetic and environmental triggers and treatment involves bronchodilators, steroids, and

1. 1. Shazlin bt Sabanya @ Sabaah 3. Noraini bt. Tukiran 2. Siti Aisyah bt. Ramli 4. Faizah bt. Abdul Rauf PRESENTED BY

6. - Clinical manifestations May be absent in infant

22. TONSILLITIS OTITIS MEDIA BRONCHIOLITIS By: Siti Aisyah Bt Ramli

56. By: Noraini Binti Tukiran

62. Assessment of severity Stages (severity) Characteristics Mild Occasional barking cough, no audible rest stridor, and either mild or no suprasternal or intercostal recession Moderate Frequent barking cough, easily audible rest stridor, and suprasternal and sternal recession at rest, with little or no agitation Severe Frequent barking cough; prominent inspiratory stridor; marked sternal recession, decrease air entry and altered level of consciousness

74. Viral croup Acute epiglotitis Onset Over days Over hours Preceding coryza Yes No Cough Severe, barking Absent or slight Able to drink Yes No Drooling saliva No Yes Appearance Unwell Toxic , very ill Fever <38.5ºC >38.5ºC Stridor Harsh, rasping Soft, whispering Voice, cry Hoarse Muffled, reluctant to speak