2.
The moon is probably the most
familiar object in the night sky.
Like the planets, it shines because it
reflects light from the sun. It is
also the “fossils” of a planet’s past. However,
the moon does not orbit the sun directly. It
orbits our own planet Earth at a distance of
385,000 km. The surface of the moon is covered
with crates, mostly caused by asteroids
crashing into the moon early in the history of
the solar system. Large dark patches on the
moon’s surface are seas of lava that flowed out
of the moon’s interior.
3.
As the moon orbits Earth’ it appears
to have different shapes. These are
called phases. The phases of the
moon are determined by the
relative positions of the Earth,
moon and the sun. At any time, the sun
illuminates half the moon’s surface, just as at
any time it is daytime on one half of Earth, and
nighttime on the other half. The observed time
from one full moon is 29.5 days.
4. What is a Micro Moon?
Contrary to the popular belief,
the moon orbits the Earth in an
elliptical path, with one side of
the path closer to the Earth than the other. The
point closest to the earth is called the perigee,
while the point farthest to the earth is called the
apogee. The average distance between the two
extreme points is 237,700 miles or 382,500 km.
When a full moon coincides with the moon’s
position at apogee, it is referred to as Micro Moon
or Mini Moon. Sometimes also called an Apogee
Moon, a Micro Moon looks approximately 14
percent smaller, and around 30 percent less bright
than a Super Moon. The last Micro Full Moon was
on January 16, 2014.
5.
There are no universal rules as to how far away
the Moon must be to qualify as a Micro Moon.
The definitions are:
If it is further away than 400,000 kilometers at
apogee, it is listed as a Micro Moon.
If a full moon is closer than 360,000 kilometers
at perigee, it is considered a Super Full Moon.
6.
What is a Super Full Moon?
The distance of the moon
from the Earth varies throughout the month and
year. The average distance is about 238,000 miles
(382,900 kilometers). The moon's position furthest
away from Earth is called “apogee” while its
closest approach to Earth is referred to as
“perigee”. These events do not regularly coincide
with the phases of the moon. However, it can
happen that the moon is at perigee during the
phase of full moon. This event is referred to as
Super Full Moon.
7.
There are no universal rules as to how close the
moon must be to qualify as a Super Full Moon.
The definitions are:
If a full moon is closer than 360,000 kilometers
at perigee, it is considered a Super Full Moon.
If it is further away than 400,000 kilometers at
apogee, it is listed as a Micro Moon.
8.
A year has four seasons - Spring,
Summer, Fall, and Winter - with
three months and three full
moons each. When one of the seasons in a year has
four full moons, instead of the usual three, the
third full moon is called a blue moon. The last blue
moon will occur on 21 August, 2013.
These days, the second full moon in a calendar
month is also often referred to as a blue moon. This
particular use was popularized due to a
misinterpretation in a 1946 article in Sky and
Telescope magazine. Such blue moons occur rather
frequently - at least once every two or three years.
9.
Rare phenomenon
Blue colored moons do rarely occur when dust or
smoke particles in the air are of a specific size.
Such particles help create a blue colored moon by
scattering blue light.
Red moons, which can be caused by other sizes of
dust particles or lunar eclipses , are much more
common than blue moons.
The phrase, once in a blue moon, is colloquially used
to suggest that something is very rare.
Why the third Moon?
There are different accounts of why the third full
moon of a season of four full moons is called a blue
moon.
10.
For instance, the Ecclestical calendar, which
indicates the dates of the Christian fasts and
festivals, uses the phases of the moon to determine
the exact dates for holidays like Lent and Easter.
The month of Lent contains the Lenten Moon. The
first full moon of Spring – also known as Easter
Moon or Paschal Moon – falls a week before Easter.
In order to ensure that Lent and Easter coincides
with the phases of the moon, the calendar has
termed the third moon of the season as the blue
moon.
Other accounts suggest that since each full moon
of a normal year had a corresponding name, for
instance Harvest Moon, the 13th moon in a year was
called a blue moon. This way the calendar was
aligned to make sure celebrations and holidays
would still fall during their "proper" times.
11.
Did you know that?
About once every 19 years, the month of
February does not have a full moon. The years
when this happens, also have two full moons in
two different months. This phenomenon will
occur next in 2018?
12.
Blood Moons happen
when the moon will be
red in color because of
the light coming from the
sun. Blood Moons are rare.
When four blood moons
happens consecutively it is
already called a tetrad. Every time a blood moon
pattern has appeared on Jewish feast days a big
event affects the nation of Israel. The event
affecting Israel begins just before the actual years
of the blood moons. To understand what will
happen in the 2014 - 2015 "blood moons" you must
understand the pattern of blood moons in the past.
13.
An eclipse is an astronomical
event that occurs when an
astronomical object is
temporarily
obscured, either by passing into
the shadow of another body or by having another
body pass between it and the viewer. An eclipse
occurs when one object moves into the shadow
cast by another object. While exploring Jamaica in
1504, Christopher Columbus impressed the natives
by predicting an eclipse. Eclipses can be predicted
because they happen only when Earth, the sun and
moon are in a straight line. There are 2 types of
eclipse: the solar eclipse and the lunar eclipse.
14.
During a new moon, the moon
may cast a shadow onto Earth.
Observers within that shadow
on Earth see the sky turn dark
as the moon blocks out the
sun. This is called solar eclipse. As observed from
the Earth, a solar eclipse occurs when the Moon
passes in front of the Sun. The type of solar eclipse
event depends on the distance of the Moon from
the Earth during the event. A total solar eclipse
occurs when the Earth intersects the umbra portion
of the Moon's shadow. When the umbra does not
reach the surface of the Earth, the Sun is only
partially occulted, resulting in an annular eclipse.
Partial solar eclipses occur when the viewer is
inside the penumbra.
15.
16.
When the moon is full, it
may pass into the
shadow of Earth.
Observers on Earth can
see the full moon
become temporarily dark
as it passes through
Earth’s shadow. This is called a lunar eclipse. Lunar eclipses
occur when the Moon passes through the Earth's shadow.
This occurs only when the Moon is on the far side of the
Earth from the Sun, lunar eclipses only occur when there is
a full moon. Unlike a solar eclipse, an eclipse of the Moon
can be observed from nearly an entire hemisphere. For this
reason it is much more common to observe a lunar eclipse
from a given location. A lunar eclipse also lasts longer,
taking several hours to complete, with totality itself usually
averaging anywhere from about 30 minutes to over an hour.
17.
There are three types of lunar eclipses:
Penumbral-when the Moon crosses only the
Earth's penumbra
Partial-when the Moon crosses partially into
the Earth's umbra.
Total-when the Moon crosses entirely into the
Earth's umbra
18.
What is the Umbra?
The umbra are places that receive the darker
side of the shadow of the eclipse. The observers
in the umbra may experience a total solar
eclipse.
What is the Penumbra?
The penumbra are places which receive the
lighter side of the shadow of the eclipse. The
places in the penumbra side have the partial
eclipse.
19.
20.
The chief and most observable effect of the
moon on Earth is the occurrence of tides. Tides
pertain to the regular rise and fall in the in the
region of the ocean water. The Earth and the
moon exert mutual gravitational pull. Without
the strong gravitational pull of Earth. It may be
elsewhere in our solar system. On the other
hand, Earth is also affected by the moon’s
gravitational pull. On the side of the earth
where the moon is, the moon’s gravity causes a
bulge on the solid part of the earth to form. The
bulge is only very slight, about a few inches at
most.
21.
However, the bulge becomes pulled away
observable because the water in the ocean is free to
move. It behaves as if it is being pulled away from
the earth in response to the gravitational pull of
the moon. Thus when the level of the water rises in
the region where the moon is rising, a high tide
occurs. At the same time, a similar high tide occurs
on the other side of the earth. Because the moon’s
pull is less on this side, the solid portion of the
earth tends to be thrown off into space by Earth’s
rotation and revolution. Another bulge in this area
occurs which also causes the rise in the level of the
water. The bulge on the side facing the moon is
called direct tidal bulge, while the one on the
other side is called opposite tidal bulge. The
earth’s rotation causes the formation of two high
tides and two low tides each day.
24.
Twice each month,
the high and low
tides are respectively higher and lower than
usual. This occurs during new moon and full
moon. At such times, the Earth, sun, and the
moon fall in line. The gravitational pull of the
sun, although weaker than that of the moon
because of it’s great distance, also causes the
formation of bulges on Earth. As a result, the
tidal effect of the moon and sun are added
together. Tides produced in this case are called
spring tides.
25.
Twice a month also, the
high tides are lower than
usual, and the low tides are higher than usual.
This happens during the first and last quarter
phases of the moon. The sun, Earth, and moon
are at a right angle with each other. The
gravitational pulls of the sun and moon tend to
cancel each other. The tides produced in this
case are called neap tides.
26.
1.What is the micro moon?
2. Enumerate the 2 types of tides.
3. Enumerate the 3 types of lunar eclipse.
4.When does eclipses happen?
5.What are neap tides?
6.What is a Tetrad?
True or False
__7.The chief and most observable effect of the moon on
Earth is the occurrence of tides.
__8. The observers in the penumbra may experience a total
solar eclipse.
__9. The umbra are places which receive the lighter side of
the shadow of the eclipse.
__10. There are three types of tides.
27.
1.It is when the moon is at its farthest point.
2. spring tides and neap tides
3. penumbral, partial and total
4.it happens when the sun, moon and Earth are in
a straight line
5.When the the high tides are lower than
usual, and the low tides are higher than usual.
6. When four blood moons happens consecutively
7.True
8.False
9.False
10.False
