3. Required for Life
All living things use oxygen or depend on
organisms that use oxygen in some way.
4. All Animals and Other Consumers
Use Oxygen
We use oxygen to break down simple
sugar and release energy.
This can be done through respiration or
fermentation.
Animals mainly use respiration.
5. Respiration
The process that breaks apart simple food
molecules to release energy.
It occurs inside cells.
What YOU do with the oxygen you take in.
6. Simple Sugar — Glucose
The molecule most living things use for
energy — including us!
We break down food into smaller molecules
during digestion. One of the small molecules is
glucose.
Glucose leaves your intestines, goes into your
blood and is taken to every cell in your body.
7. Respiration in Cells
In your cells, oxygen is used to split
glucose apart — releasing energy, water
and carbon dioxide.
8. Photosynthesis
Plants take in carbon dioxide and water
and use them to make food. Their food is
simple sugar — glucose.
9. Photosynthesis (continued)
Plants pull the carbon off CO2 and use the
carbon in glucose. (They do not need the oxygen for this. They
get that from water, H2O.)
Plants release the oxygen (O2) back into the
atmosphere.
Other organisms use the free oxygen for
respiration.
10. How are photosynthesis and
cellular respiration similar?
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and
produces oxygen.
Cellular respiration uses oxygen and produces
carbon dioxide.
11. Basic idea
Rabbit eats food,
breaks it down
and releases
CO2.
Plant uses CO2
to make food.
Rabbit gives off CO2,
which is taken in by the plant.
Plant gives off O2,
which is taken in by the rabbit.
12. Everywhere
This happens on land and in the water.
Algae and aquatic plants produce food
underwater through photosynthesis.
They use CO2 dissolved in the water.
Other aquatic organisms use the dissolved
oxygen these plants release into the water.
14. Kind of a C-on/C-off Cycle
Plants take the carbon off the CO2, freeing the
oxygen so it can be used for respiration.
During respiration, organisms attach a carbon to
the O2 and release CO2 so it can be used for
photosynthesis.
One big cycle — all living things depend on each
other for it to work!
15. Human Impact
We keep destroying natural areas, especially
forested areas with many plants and replacing
them with buildings, parking lots, lawns, etc.
Fewer plants mean less oxygen and more
carbon dioxide.
This disturbs the balance of the natural cycle.
16. More Human Impact
Every time something burns (combustion),
more carbon dioxide is released into the
atmosphere.
We add more and more CO2 and destroy
more and more of the plants that clean
the air for us.
17. What We Need to Do
Stop destroying and promote regrowth of
natural areas — especially forests.
Burn less (fossil fuels, forest fires, etc.)
19. What Is Carbon?
An element
The basis of life of earth
Found in rocks, oceans, atmosphere
20. Carbon Cycle
The same carbon atoms are used
repeatedly on earth. They cycle between
the earth and the atmosphere.
21. Plants Use Carbon Dioxide
Plants pull carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere and use it to make food –—
photosynthesis.
The carbon becomes part of the plant
(stored food).
22. Animals Eat Plants
When organisms eat plants, they take in
the carbon and some of it becomes part of
their own bodies.
23. Plants and Animal Die
When plants and animals die, most of their
bodies are decomposed and carbon
atoms are returned to the atmosphere.
Some are not decomposed fully and end
up in deposits underground (oil, coal, etc.).
24. Carbon Slowly Returns to Atmosphere
Carbon in rocks and underground
deposits is released very slowly into the
atmosphere.
This process takes many years.
26. Carbon Cycle Diagram
Carbon in Atmosphere
Plants use
carbon to make
food
Animals eat
plants and
take in carbon
Plants and
animals die
Decomposers
break down dead
things, releasing
carbon to
atmosphere and
soil
Bodies not
decomposed —
after many
years, become
part of oil or
coal deposits
Fossil fuels are
burned; carbon
is returned to
atmosphere
Carbon slowly
released from
these substances
returns to
atmosphere
27. Carbon in Oceans
Additional carbon is stored in the ocean.
Many animals pull carbon from water to use in
shells, etc.
Animals die and carbon substances are
deposited at the bottom of the ocean.
Oceans contain earth’s largest store of carbon.
29. Human Impact
Fossil fuels release carbon stores very
slowly
Burning anything releases more carbon
into atmosphere — especially fossil fuels
Increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere
increases global warming
Fewer plants mean less CO2 removed
from atmosphere
30. What We Need to Do
Burn less, especially fossil fuels
Promote plant life, especially trees
32. Definition:
Natural, gradual changes in the types of
species that live in an area; can be
primary or secondary
The gradual replacement of one plant
community by another through natural
processes over time
33. Primary Succession
Begins in a place without any soil
Sides of volcanoes
Landslides
Flooding
Starts with the arrival of living things such
as lichens that do not need soil to survive
Called PIONEER SPECIES
35. Primary Succession
Soil starts to form as lichens and the
forces of weather and erosion help break
down rocks into smaller pieces
When lichens die, they decompose,
adding small amounts of organic matter to
the rock to make soil
37. Primary Succession
Simple plants like mosses and ferns can
grow in the new soil
http://uisstc.georgetow
n.edu
http://www.uncw.edu
38. Primary Succession
The simple plants die, adding more
organic material
The soil layer thickens, and grasses,
wildflowers, and other plants begin to take
over
http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu
39. Primary Succession
These plants die, and they add more
nutrients to the soil
Shrubs and trees can survive now
http://www.rowan.edu
40. Primary Succession
Insects, small birds, and mammals have
begun to move in
What was once bare rock now supports a
variety of life
http://p2-raw.greenpeace.org
41. Secondary Succession
Begins in a place that already has soil and
was once the home of living organisms
Occurs faster and has different pioneer
species than primary succession
Example: after forest fires
45. Climax Community
A stable group of plants and animals that
is the end result of the succession process
Does not always mean big trees
Grasses in prairies
Cacti in deserts