course material

1. NURS612 Population Health Essay
NURS612 Population Health EssayDesign and propose a population health program for a
population within an organization or community. Clearly identify and describe the
population and the need for the program. The program design should include an identified
behavioral model or theory to underpin your program, as well as multiple components for
all people in the population, such as environmental components, wellness components, and
disease management. In addition, include ways to include other health system partners in
your project. Project proposal components to include: Clear identification and description of
the target population Clear identification of a target health/wellness interventions Specific
outcome metrics (measures to show you have been successful) Program should address
two levels of prevention How project aligns with a national-level health initiative such as
HP2020 Identification and brief summary description of behavioral model to support your
proposal. Identification of how access, quality, and safety are addressed with this
population-based program Methods of communication and marketing this program to your
population with rationale on why these methods are chosen. NURS612 Population Health
Essay Fit with Patient Protections and Accountable Care Act. Potential barriers to
implementation or sustainability. Submit the Call for Proposal document on the provided
form. This should be no longer than 6 pages within the given form document, not including
the reference page. This proposal should be supported with literature using APA format for
citations and references. No title page is necessary, nor is the proposal double spaced.
Please do not submit in any other format other than the CFP form. The CFP form can be
found in the Canvas course. The proposal will not be accepted in any other format.ORDER A
PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERETarget Population (Identify and describe the target
population)This is a population health program in the form of education for behavioral
change that will target adolescents and teenagers between the ages of 12 to 19. The exact
population of adolescents is that found in a poor minority African American community in
one of the city suburbs. This population is defined by high rates of school dropouts, a high
rate of teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections as a result of unprotected
sex, mental health problems such as major depressive disorder (MDD), drug and substance
abuse, and high rates of crime. There is enough evidence to support interventions for these
adolescent problems in such poor communities (National Institute of Mental Health, 2019;
Shannon & Klausner, 2018). In addition to these problems, this particular adolescent
population in this African American community has disproportionately high rates of
overweight and obesity that are significantly greater than those seen in other communities

2. that are not as poor. There is scholarly consensus and evidence that obesity represents one
of the most significant health disparities among adolescents from different socio-economic
backgrounds in the United States today (Ogden et al., 2018; Jelalian & Evans, 2017;
Frederick et al., 2014). Health Issues (Identify and describe the health issues the program
will address specific for this population)The health issues that this preventive educational
program will address are:Risky sexual behavior coupled with unsafe sex that leads to
unwanted teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Drug and
substance abuse that contributes to the above risky sexual behavior and the spread of
sexually transmitted infections such as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).Mental health
illnesses such as major depressive disorder leading to suicidality.NURS612 Population
Health EssayHomicide, probably due to drug abuse and drug-related violence.Overweight
and obesity brought about by eating cheap high calorie junk foods and sugary beverages, as
well as having a constant diet devoid of fresh fruits and vegetables. Proposed
Interventions (Describe the components of your proposed program including physical and
environmental determinants of health and strategies to target these determinants are
explained)In understanding the root causes of the above health problems affecting the
adolescents in this Black community, it is appreciated that there are contributing physical
and environmental determinants of health. These could be equated to the social
determinants of health that are recognized as contributory factors to illness and health
inequalities in the U.S. and the world at large. In this particular case, the adolescents are
born and brought up in poor living conditions in an environment that lacks security and
basic amenities for living. They lack role models and their parents low incomes. The low
socio-economic status means that the parents cannot afford healthy meals and as a result
there is rampant presence of lifestyle diseases like hypertension and type II diabetes. For
the same reason, these adolescents and their community have one of the lowest access rates
to healthcare services. Even though the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010
or “Obamacre” enabled a good percentage of persons in this community to access
healthcare, sustained attacks and rolling back of the gains brought about by the Act by the
current administration have made them lose this coverage and access. A case in point is the
‘repeal and replace’ movement. This educational program will focus on schools and colleges
in the community where the adolescents can be found in large numbers. It will also employ
town-hall-like meetings where adolescents from the community will be invited to come and
learn behavioral change. They can also then ask all the questions hey have in a relaxed and
informal environment. There will be educational talks accompanied by the use of posters
and audiovisual aids. The components will include:Education on safe sex and the risks
associated with unsafe sexual practices (STIs, cancer of the cervix, early pregnancies, and so
on).Advice on community health resources that can be accessed by the teenagers for
psychotherapy for drug abuse and counseling.NURS612 Population Health EssayEducation
on the type of exercise that can be done at home to prevent overweight and
obesity. Expected Outcomes (What outcomes are expected and how will this be
measured)After this intervention; the expected specific, measurable, attainable, realistic,
and time-bound (SMART) outcomes will be that (i) the adolescents will demonstrate
adoption of safe sexual practices as will be seen by a reduction in the numbers of early

3. pregnancies and abortions in six months, (ii) there will be increased numbers of
adolescents enrolled for mental health counseling and psychotherapy for depression and
drug addiction in a span of six months, and (iii) there will be fewer cases of adolescents with
a body mass index or BMI of above 25 kg/m2 seen in health facilities within the community
within one year. Levels of Prevention (Identify at least two levels of prevention addressed
by this program and describe how specifically the program addresses each)The two levels
of prevention in this strategy are primary prevention and secondary prevention. Primary
prevention aims at preventing disease before it occurs. In this case, this will be achieved by
the education on safe sexual practices. Secondary prevention on its part aims at reducing
the impact of a disease or disease process that is already established. This will be achieved
in this case by the ducation on importance of exercise and other obesity prevention and
reduction measures. Also, counseling and psychotherapy will achieve the same goal of
secondary prevention. Alignment: (Identify how the program aligns with the followingJA
National Health Initiative (ie HP2020, National Brain Initiative) This educational
program aligns with the Healthy People 2020 goals codenamed AH-2 and AH- 3.1. The
former aims at increasing the numbers of adolescents and teenagers who engage regularly
in extracurricular activities such as sports, while the latter intends to have more
adolescents have guidance from an adult such as a parent or guardian (U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, 2020a; U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, 2020b; HP2020, 2016). A Behavior Change Model (ie Health Beliefs
Model, Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change) The behavior change model
that will be expected to be in operation during and after this intervention will be the
social cognitive theory model. This is where positive reinforcement and observation
of others engaging in positive behavior makes the remaining adolescents adopt the
same positive behavior (Eufic, 2014). NURS612 Population Health Essay Access,
Quality and Safety (How are access, quality and safety addressed by the program and how
does this align with PPACA?) This educational primary and secondary prevention
program is cognizant of the fact that the success of this intervention is dependent on the
possibility of better access to healthcare. The program addesses access by making sure that
adolescents are encouraged to make use of the available community health services in the
community. This is where primary health care is offered by qualified community health
nurses, counselors, therapists, and other health professionals. The Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act 2010 (PPACA) is aligned to this intervention in that it gives much
attention to preventive health services and covers for the same. On the same note, the
program underlines that the care sought by the adolescents from the community health
centers must be of a high quality. This is because the Affordable Care Act (PPACA) requires
that reimbursement be based on quality of healthcare services offered. This is referred to as
pay-for-performance. Acoording to the Institute of Medicine or IOM, quality health services
must be safe, effective, efficient, patient-centered, timely, and equitable (Beattie et al.,
2013). Communication and Marketing Plan (Describe how you will market the program
including rationale) The communication and marketing plan for this program will be
through social media and mainstream media. However, the biggest percentage of this
communication and marketing plan will be through social media. The rationale for this is

4. that current adolescents belong to the post-millenial generation that soends mots of their
time online on social media platforms. Because of this, the best way to get a message to
them is through tailored social media messaging and marketing. This is gong to be achieved
through social media platforms such as Facebook, Tiktok, Instagram, and Telegram amongst
others. Barriers for Implementation and Sustainability Engaging in such a major
intervention requires several stakeholders to participate so that it can be successful. These
include parents, guardians, educationists, healthcare workers, the local administration, law
enforcement officials, and the media. If any of these stakeholders does not participate fully
and as required, this will present a barrier to implementation and sustainability. For
instance, if the healthcare workers (who are part of the community) do not follow up on the
intervention (counseling, psychotherapy and so on), sustainability will not be possible. The
other major barrier to implementation is the budget. Successfully implementaing such a
program like this one requires funding, which more often than not comes from foundations
and healthcare players such as insurance providers. Apart from the above two, the other
likely barriers to implementation and sustainability are factors such as the unwillingness of
the adolescents to change because they want to keep their independence, the lack of access
to healthy fresh fruits and vegetables as well as healthy beverages (because investors in
these kinds of businesses shun poor neighborhoods such as the one for this community),
and continued advertisement in the mass media of unhealthy sugary high calorific
beverages. NURS612 Population Health EssayReferencesBeattie, M., Shepherd, A., &
Howieson, B. (2013). Do the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM’s) dimensions of quality capture
the current meaning of quality in health care? – An integrative review. Journal of Research
in Nursing, 18(4), 288-304, doi: 10.1177/1744987112440568.Eufic (July 1, 2014). Behavior
change models and strategies. Retrieved 25 June 2020
from https://www.eufic.org/en/healthy-living/article/motivating-behaviour-
changeFrederick, C.B., Snellman, K., & Putnam, R.D. (2014). Increasing socioeconomic
disparities in adolescent obesity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(4),
1338–1342. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1321355110Healthy People 2020
[HP2020] (2016). Adolescent health. Retrieved 24 June 2020 from
http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/Adolescent-HealthJelalian,
E., & Evans, E.W. (2017).Behavioral intervention in the treatment of obesity in children and
adolescents: implications for Mexico. Nutrition Reviews, 75(S1), 79-84. Doi:
https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw035National Institute of Mental Health (2019).
Prevalence of major depressive episode among adolescents. Retrieved 24 June 2020 from
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major-
depression.shtml#:~:text=An%20estimated%203.2%20million%20adolescents,compared
%20to%20males%20(6.8%25).Ogden, C.L., Carroll, M.D., Fakhouri, T.H., Hales, C.M., Fryer,
C.D., Li, X., & Freedman, D.S. (2018). Prevalence of obesity among youths by household
income and education level of head of household – United States 2011-2014. MMWR
Morbidity and Mortality Report, 67(6), 186-189. Doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6706a3Shannon, C.L. & Klausner, J.D. (2018). The
growing epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in adolescents: A neglected population.
Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 30(1), 137-143. Doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000578.

5. https://journals.lww.com/co-
pediatrics/Abstract/2018/02000/The_growing_epidemic_of_sexually_transmitted.21.aspx
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (June 2, 2020a). Social determinants of
health. HealthyPeople.gov. Retrieved 24 June 2020 from
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-
health/objectivesU.S. Department of Health and Human Services (June 2, 2020b). Social
determinants of health. HealthyPeople.gov. Retrieved 24 June 2020 from
https://www.healthypeople.gov/node/3943/data_detailsRequest_for_Proposal-
FORMNURS612 Population Health Essay