Mt.abo eim3

PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT !
GREEN FIEND
RESIST ENVIRONMENTAL PLUNDER
AND DESTRUCTION!

ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION
MISSION (EIM) IN MT. NEGRON
AGHAM / CEC /
KALIKASAN
20 JANUARY 2012
ST. SCHOLASTICA’S
ACADEMY, SAN FERNANDO,
PAMPANGA

1234 Sample Street, Anytown, St. 12345 GREENFIEND

Pangalagaan ang KALIKASAN
Outline
• Objectives of the EIM
• Biodiversity assessment
• Inventory and assessment of flora and fauna using the
Line Plot Sampling Technique
• Agricultural assessment
• Hydrologic and geologic assessment
• Salient findings
• Recommendations
•

LAND WATER AIR SOIL ENVIRONMENT TREES ANIMALS CROPS PLANTS TECHNOLOGY PEOPLE


BIO-PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT
OF MT. NEGRON

Biodiversity assessment team
(October 26-30, 2011)
• Foresters – CEC Phils / KALIKASAN
• Biology students – PUP Sta.Mesa
• Physicist – AGHAM/PUP Sta.Mesa

Geology, Hydrology and Agriculture team
(December 9-12, 2011)
• Geologists – AGHAM/UP NIGS
• Agriculturist - AGHAM



OBJECTIVES OF THE EIM

3. To generate information
that will provide
scientific basis for the
1. To assess the biological possible impacts of
diversity in Mt. Negron mining activities in the
2. To generate information that ecosystem of Mt.
will be critical in the general Negron, considering also
advancement of knowledge its effects in the life of
on the diverse resources indigenous peoples
found in the Mt. Negron living in the area.


BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT
• Biodiversity greatly influence
the stability of ecosystems
found in the forests
• hence has direct relevance to
the sustainability of the ability
of the forests to perform the
various environmental goods
and services (i.e., protection,
soil and water conservation
provision of basic needs and
socio-cultural values) crucial to
the society



INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT
OF FLORA AND FAUNA 1. Transect
Line-plot sampling technique following the
- a transect which has been divided into two: North direction-
seven 20 x 20 meter
plots were made,
with 100 meter
interval between two
plots.
2. Along the river -
from the last plot (7th
transect), following
Satellite image with identified plots the river, four points
along the transects established within have been
Sitios Tapuac, Kundipit and Tappi,
Mount Negron, Porac, Pampanga.
established at 300
meters intervals each



LIST OF TREES FOUND IN
7 PLOTS IN MT. NEGRON

Local Name Scientific Name Family Abundance
Karal Albizia procera Fabaceae 15
Pangkol Aralia bipinnata Araliaceae 5
Tui Bischofia javanica Phyllantaceae 7
Tebey Ficus nota Moraceae 4
Lagerstroemia
2
Manaba speciosa Lythraceae
Binunga Macaranga tanarius Euphorbiaceae 5
Total 38



LIST OF REGENERATION OF
TREES FOUND IN MT. NEGRON
• 61 tree species with a total of 1189 individual regenerations
• these include the
sapling and wildlings--
show the possible
vegetation of the area
for the next 15 years
• these species have
important economic,
medicinal, aesthetic
and cultural uses that
sustain the lives of the
Aeta people


ECONOMIC USES OF TREES
FOUND IN MT. NEGRON

Behind the monetary values of trees, Aetas also regard the
economic importance of trees in accordance to their use/
contribution in their daily lives such as –
• providing lumber for shelter, (Dulit, Iwis, Pintog)
• fuelwood (Kil-ong)
• religious statues (Kato-kato)
• even for making board games, Daros (Kamayong), and
• guitar (Laniti)



MEDICINAL USES OF TREES
FOUND IN MT. NEGRON
Trees also play a vital role in providing remedies for a range
of health problems, which is evident in their vibrant
indigenous knowledge systems. Among these are—

• Manaba that induces good menstrual flow
• Nasala which promotes calmness
• Maapatning that cures hearing problems
• Bangaba which is known to relive ulcer
• Binunga and Ala-ala which are both used by mothers to heal binat
• Matangdilaw for eye problems
• Nasapid that neutralizes gastric acidity
• Nawnet for faster wound healing
• Nato which aids in faster reccuperation, and
• Tukay-tukay which encourages appetite


TREES WITH SPECIAL USES
• Karal’s (Albizia procera) sap are used as poison by dipping the
tip of an arrow to kill the enemies or used when gathering or
hunting food
• “Tyasaas” is used for security purposes--the leaves of this tree
produce sound when disturbed or touched thus serving as
warning whenever somebody or someone is approaching
• Kalasag or armor of the matutubang (warriors) are made of tree
called “Tagipo” because of the strong properties of the tree in
terms of protecting the warriors from enemies
• “Pogipog” is considered as “wishing tree” for Aetas
• Amoy-amoy and Kaawat, -emits foul odor --used as a natural
insect-repellant
• Mindagat’s sap exudates are used as a dye



ANIMALS, BIRDS AND INSECTS IN MT. NEGRON
• Plants in Mt. Negron provide a wide variety of needs by the
animals
• Total of 18 faunal orders under 11 classes (insects, bees,
ants, cockroaches, frogs, toads, worms, birds, lizards,
spiders, boars, bats) : play important roles in the ecosystem
• Mt. Negron is already a disturbed area for animals, but
further disturbance will destroy the habitat of the said fauna



AGRICULTURE IN MT. NEGRON
Methodology
• Soil analyses were conducted through
rapid soil testing
• Agrodiversity and soil texture were also
evaluated
• Location of the sampling sites was determined using GPS
• Key informant interviews were also facilitated with the Aeta
farmers for their farming practices
• Comprehensive online research and review of related
technical literatures were also made to substantiate the
evaluation of the agricultural aspect of this EIM
Area covered for agricultural assessment was Brgy. Camias
with its three sitios: Patal, Inginglis and Kuyukut.

..


SAMPLING POINTS FOR SOIL ANALYSES



Soil samples analyzed from the farming
communities that will be directly affected by
the mining operation
Soil Sample Coordinates Type of
(SS) vegetation
Sitio Patal 15003’50.8 Pineapple, Taro
(SS1) 120025’57.6
Sitio Patal 15003’50.8 Taro
(SS2) 120025’57.6
Sitio Ininglis 15003’53.2 Corn, Kamote
(SS3) 120024’97.5
Sitio Kuyukut 15004’03.0 Taro, Banana,
(SS4) 120024’10.1 Jackfruit, Cassava,
Beans, Tobacco


RESULTS OF RAPID SOIL TESTING
Soil Soil
pH N (%) P K
Sample Texture Phosphorous (P)
SS1 6.8 Low High Deficient Sandy • also a major factor in soil
fertility
SS2 6.8 Low High Sufficient Sandy • all soil samples derived
SS3 6.0 Low High Sufficient Sandy from Brgy. Kamias have
high phosphorous content
SS4 4.8 Low High Sufficient Sandy
On pH:
• soil from Sitios Patal and Ininglis are within the Potassium (K)
range of pH with optimum condition • presence of K in soil serves
• soil sample from Sitio Kuyukut registered low pH as protection from leaching
indicating that the soil is acidic • only the soil sample derived
from Sitio Patal is deficient
Nitrogen (N): from K, Ininglis and Kuyukut
• four soil samples registered low N content (grown with gabi) have
• N deficiency may be due to regular crop removal sufficient K content.
during harvesting or leaching caused by heavy
rains- plants will glow slow and small


FARMING SYSTEM Upland farming is the common
agricultural activity of the Aeta communities.

In the parcel of land that they are cultivating,
there are mixed vegetation that involves
root crops, vegetables and trees

No specific cropping pattern is being
followed and their planting seasons are twice
a year.

People also rely on their harvest from the
natural vegetation such as wild banana
that they sell in the local market

For food, they hunt wild pig and they also
catch fish and other aquatic food during dry
season



WATER TESTING
Sampling stations were selected to represent the water quality of
the main river and some of its tributaries
On site measurements were done on the following parameters:
Temperature, pH, Electric Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids
(TDS), Turbidity, Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP)

Measurements were made on the surface of the river, having
three (3) repetitions for each parameter. Discharge of the river at
each sampling station was also measured using a flow meter.
Other sampling conditions were noted such as weather condition
and date of sampling.



MAP OF
SAMPLING
POINTS



RESULTS OF WATER TESTING

• Passed the DENR • High turbidity-- this
Standard for fresh could be a result of
surface water for pH, a high sediment
Total Dissolved Solids input upstream of
and Salinity (watershed the station 3
and protected areas) tributary due to
disturbance of the
soil within the
vicinity of the reach.


GEOLOGIC FINDINGS
Mount Negron is a potentially active volcano located at
the boundary of 3 provinces- Zambales, Pampanga and Tarlac.
• part of a chain of volcanoes-- West Luzon volcanic arc or Tri-
Cabusilan Mountain Range (Mt. Cuadrado, Mt. Tayawan and Mt.
Pinatubo) that lie along the western side of Luzon, within the tectonic
setting of Western Bataan Lineament
((http://volcano.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_VMEPD/Volcano/VolcanoList/negron.htm)).
• Mt. Pinatubo is the only considered active volcano in the area
• Mt. Negron, Mt. Cuadrado, Mt. Mataba, Bituin plug, and Tapungho plug
are ancestral satellite vents where ancient eruptions could have taken
place.
• Peaks like Mt. Negron, Mt. Cuadrado, Mt. Dorst, Mt. Tayawan and Mt.
Donald are believed to have been part of Pinatubo's original peak
http://pubs.usgs.gov/pinatubo/newhall/index.html
• The magma reservoir of Mt. Pinatubo extends south to Mt. Negron
(http://www.unisdr.org/files/3004_fireandmud.pdf)



GEOLOGIC FINDINGS
Downstream along Gumain River,
indurated fluvial deposits lie on
both sides of the channel—
• thin to thickly bedded,
alternating beds of clast-
supported and matrix-supported,
polymictic conglomerates
• conglomerates -- fine to coarse sand sized matrix and
pebble to cobble, subangular to subrounded clasts
• clasts are andesites, porphyritic andesites and basaltic
andesites
• phenocrysts of severals clasts are amphibole, plagioclase
and quartz.



GEOLOGIC FINDINGS

Along a tributary in Sitio
Bitak/Patumbol, several kilometers
upstream, a massive, highly
indurated pyroclastic flow
deposit was observed



GEOLOGIC FINDINGS

upstream in Sitio Kuyukot, loose
pumice deposits of sand to
pebble sizes can be observed, as
well as in other areas along ridges.
• along the river, upstream, highly
fractured andesitic rocks bound
the river-- mineralized but only
pyrite was identified in the rock
sample collected.
• in some areas, the andesites are
porphyritic, while others have
been altered to clay



FINDINGS ON THE FLORA AND FAUNA
(Based on the results of the floral diversity assessment particularly in trees,
in the secondary and submarginal forests within Mt. Negron)

The more diverse the vegetation, the more diverse the
wildlife is and the greater the proportionality of the
populations.

• there is a total of 6 species of trees belonging to 6 families
• future vegetation indicated by regenerations recorded
having 61 species belonging to 23 families
• despite the highly disturbed forests in the secondary and
submarginal forests, tree species noted are highly significant
to the lives of Aetas, for they possess indigenous uses which
may not be known to non-Aetas



SALIENT FINDINGS
• the presence of wild boar, alamid and eagles
show that forests in Mt. Negron are still
potential for wildlife habitat (particularly for
significant wildlife species). Further degradation
and disturbance to the Mt. Abo ecosystem
might cease the proliferation of such species

• in the absence of good baseline information, it
is conceivable that the original diversity and
richness of flora in the areas now covered by
secondary and submarginal forests are much
higher than the estimates herein reported due
to the degradation of the forests.


SALIENT FINDINGS

• mineral resources are not the only significant material but
the biota inside the forest as well that sustain the life of the
IPs from time immemorial
• mining and logging activities can hasten degradation and
depletion of these resources that can affect forest
ecosystem and has large impact to the culture, social and
economic well-being of the indigenous people



PRESERVING THE BIODIVERSITY AND
WATERSHED IN MT. NEGRON

1. The Class AA Standard of water in Gumain River should
be preserved for several uses: potable drinking, irrigation
and other uses. Large-scale mining operations might
contaminate the riverine system
2. Forest ecosystem must be enhanced for the sustainability
of the various uses of forests: economic, medicine,
cultural
3. Agricultural production can be optimized by diversified
crop production and appropriate technologies that will
bring back nutrients in soil
4. Activities that will hasten degradation and resources
depletion must be prevented



Lasting solutions for the development of
domestic economy, local agriculture and
achieving economic self-sufficiency
1. Reject neo-colonial policies of globalization imposed by
World Trade Organizations (WTO) (liberalization of
mining)
2. Provide economic and political reforms to local agriculture
3. Strengthen the efforts to promote responsible mining,
sustainable agriculture, modernization of agriculture
within the framework
of genuine agrarian
reform and
national
industrialization


REPEAL MINING ACT OF 1995!
GREEN FIEND
RESIST ENVIRONMENTAL PLUNDER
AND DESTRUCTION!

DEFEND MT. NEGRON FROM
MINING PLUNDER!!

1234 Sample Street, Anytown, St. 12345 GREENFIEND

Mt.abo eim3

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