DEFINITION : Quantitative research, is defined as a the systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering quantifiable data and performing statistical, mathematical or computational techniques.
Quantitative research gathers information from existing and potential customers using sampling methods and sending out online surveys, online polls, questionnaires etc., the results of which can be depicted in the form of numericals.
After careful understanding of these numbers to predict the future of a product or service and make changes accordingly.
Described as the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer research questions, test hypothesis and evaluate outcome.
Importance of data collection:
Helps us search for answers and resolutions
Facilitates and improve decision-making processes and the quality of the decisions made.
#Types of quantitative research.
. Survey research
The collection of data attained by asking individuals questions by either in person, on paper, by phone or online.
2. Correlational research
Measures two variables, understand assess the statistical relationship between them with no influence from any extraneous variable.
3. Casual-comparative research
To find relationship between independent and dependent variables after an action or event has already occurred.
4. Experimental research
Researcher manipulates one variables, and control/randomizes the rest of the variables.
2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Type of quantitative research
• Sampling methods
• Main method for collection data
• Example of quantitative research
• Advantage of collecting data in quantitative research
• Disadvantage of collecting data in quantitative research
• Conclusion
• References
3. INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION : Quantitative research, is defined as a the
systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering
quantifiable data and performing statistical, mathematical
or computational techniques.
• Quantitative research gathers information from existing
and potential customers using sampling methods and
sending out online surveys, online
polls, questionnaires etc., the results of which can be
depicted in the form of numericals.
• After careful understanding of these numbers to predict
the future of a product or service and make changes
accordingly.
4. Described as the process of gathering and measuring
information on variables of interest, in an established
systematic fashion that enables one to answer research
questions, test hypothesis and evaluate outcome.
Importance of data collection:
a) Helps us search for answers and resolutions
b) Facilitates and improve decision-making processes and
the quality of the decisions made
5. TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH:
• 1. Survey research
The collection of data attained by asking individuals questions by either in person, on
paper, by phone or online.
• 2. Correlational research
Measures two variables, understand assess the statistical relationship between them with
no influence from any extraneous variable.
• 3. Casual-comparative research
To find relationship between independent and dependent variables after an action or
event has already occurred.
• 4. Experimental research
Researcher manipulates one variables, and control/randomizes the rest of the variables.
6. SAMPLING METHODS
• There are two main types of sampling is probability and non-probability sampling. The
difference between the two types is whether or not the sampling selection involves
randomization. Randomization occurs when all members of the sampling frame have an
equal opportunity of being selected for the study. Following is a discussion of probability
and non-probability sampling and the different types of each.
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
• Probability sampling – uses randomization and takes steps to ensure all members of a
population have a chance of being selected.
7. Probability sampling involves the use of randomization. These are
the main types of probability sampling:
Probability sampling method Brief description
Random sampling Every unit has an equal chance of selection
Stratified random sampling (proportional or
quota sampling)
Divide population into strata, then randomly
select samples from each stratum
Systematic random sampling
Systematically select every xth unit from the list
of n units
Cluster (area) random sampling
Divide population into clusters, randomly sample
clusters, then sample all units within selected
clusters
Multi-stage random sampling
Hierarchically combines random sampling
methods
8. Non-probability sampling
• Does not rely on the use of randomization techniques to select members. This is typically
done in studies where randomization is not possible in order to obtain a representative
sample. Bias is more of a concern with this type of sampling. The different types of non-
probability sampling are as follows:
9. Non-probability sampling method Brief description
Accidental, haphazard, or convenience sampling
Units are sampled according to what is
conveniently, accidentally, or haphazardly
available
Purposive sampling
Units from a prespecified group are purposively
sought out and sampled
Modal instance sampling
Mode is the "most common" occurence in modal
instance sampling, units are prototypical of a
predefined group are sampled
Expert sampling
Units which are identified as having particularly
high quality of information are sampled
10. Example situation
• Determine whether the following statement is about quantitative or qualitative data.
o The chilies weighs 20 pounds.
o My friend is very happy.
o The watermelon is red.
o The cow is 4 foot 2.
11. Determine whether the following statement refers to categorical data , qualitative data, quantitative data
or some combination of these.
1. Mrs. Smith gave a test on which the maximum possible score was 100. The actual
scores students received were 92,87,86,85,72,70,70 and 61.
2. Mrs. Smith gave an exam on which one student received an A, three students
received b’s, three students received c’s, and one student received a D.
12. Example situation(agri)
An example of quantitative research is , the survey conducted to
determine the level of consumer demand for chili plants. The
level of consumer demand survey can be administered by
asking questions.
13. Example Situation(agri)
• Example of quantitative research is an entrepreneur who is implementing
a sweet corn crop project, he collects information from his customers to
find out about the size and taste of the sweet corn that he is working on.
Using the feedback form distributed to its customers, the entrepreneurs
are aware of the characteristics of the sweet corn that they have earned
in general or otherwise besides asking a few more questions to their
customers.
14.
15. Disadvantages Of Collecting Data In Quantitative Research
1. Can be very limiting to the respondents, since it is possible that his actual answer to the question may not be in
the list of options provided on the questionnaire. While data analysis is still possible, it will be restricted by the
lack of details. (Quantitative Surveys)
2. Can be quite a challenge when dealing with a large sample size or group of interviewees. If the plan is to
interview everyone, it is bound to take a lot of time, not to mention a significant amount of money. (Face-to-
Face Interview)
3. Senses are not infallible. The observer may have an unconscious grasp on his senses, and how they perceive
situations and people around. Bias on the part of the observer is very possible. (Quantitative Observation)
16. CONCLUSIONS
Data collection is an important aspect of any type of research study. Inaccurate data collection can
impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. Data collection methods for impact
evaluation vary along a continuum. At the one end of this continuum are quantitative methods and at
the other end of the continuum are qualitative methods for data collection.
The quantitative data collection methods, rely on random sampling and structured data collection
instruments that fit diverse experiences into predetermined response categories. They produce results
that are easy to summarize, compare, and generalize.
Quantitative research is concerned with testing hypotheses derived from theory and/or being able to
estimate the size of a phenomenon of interest. Depending on the research question, participants may
be randomly assigned to different treatments. If this is not feasible, the researcher may collect data on
participant and situational characteristics in order to statistically control for their influence on the
dependent, or outcome, variable. If the intent is to generalize from the research participants to a larger
population, the researcher will employ probability sampling to select participants.
