Disaster Management Initiatives in India

28TH ALNAP MEETING
DISASTER MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES
POLICY PERSPECTIVES & EFFECTIVE RESPONSE MECHANISM
IN INDIA
04 MARCH 2013
WASHINGTON , D.C.
Dr. Muzaffar Ahmad
MEMBER, NDMA,GOI

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
2
SEQUENCE OF PRESENTATION
DISASTERS – THE INDIAN CONTEXT
DISASTER MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK IN INDIA
ROLE OF NDMA
NATIONAL POLICY AND NATIONAL GUIDELINES
MAINSTREAMING DM IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
NDMA INITIATIVES
NDRF
DEVELOPMENT SECTOR ASSOCIATIONS
WAY FORWARD

INDIA’S VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS
58.6% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes
of moderate to high intensity
Over 40 million hectares (12% of land) is
prone to Floods & River Erosion


Of the 7,516 km long coastline, close to 5,700 km is
prone to cyclones and tsunamis
68% of the cultivable area is vulnerable to
Drought

MAJOR
NATURAL
DISASTERS
Earthquake, Gujarat
26th January, 2001
Tsunami, Tamil Nadu
26th December, 2004
Kosi floods 2008,
Cyclone Aila 2009
Andhra, Karnataka
floods 2009
Cloudburst in Leh –
August 2010- 200
deaths
Floods, Punjab
1993, 359 lives lost Earthquake, Chamoli
March 99, 100 lives lost
Earthquake, Uttarkasshi
Oct. 91, 2000 lives lost
Heatwave, Uttar Pradesh,
May-June 95, 566 lives lost
Floods, North Bihar & Assam
Annual Feature
Earthquake, Jabalpur May
97, 39 lives lost
Super Cyclone, Orissa Oct.
99, Over 10,000 lives lost
Cyclone, Andhra Pradesh
May 90, 962 lives lost
Dec.96, 971 lives lost
Earthquake, Latur Sep. 93,
9475 lives lost
Cyclone, Tamil Nadu
Dec. 93, 61 lives lost
Floods, Kerala
May- Oct. 94
Cyclone, Gujarat June
98, 3500 lives lost

LEH CLOUDBURST & MUDSLIDE 2010

MAJOR MAN-MADE DISASTERS
 Chemical
 Biological
 Radiological
 Nuclear
 Transport (Air/Railways/Road traffic/Marine)
 Urban Flooding – One of the major causes
 Riots/Civic Disturbances
 Terrorism

TRAFFIC FATALITIES IN INDIA
 4.9 lakhs road accidents in 2009
 Deaths – 1,52,689
 Injuries – 5 lakhs
 Indian Scenario
 1 Road accident every minute
 1 death due to RTA every 4 minutes

1. Until 2001 – Responsibility with Agriculture Ministry.
2. Committees Set Up by Govt on Disaster Management :-
• High Powered Committee under Chairmanship of Shri J C Pant –
August 1999 (Prior to Orissa Super Cyclone).
• All Party National Committee under the Chairmanship of
Prime Minister – Feb 2001 (After Gujarat Earthquake).
3. Responsibility Transferred to MHA in June 2002.
4. NDMA established with Executive Order in September 2005.
5. DM Act passed in December 2005.
MANAGEMENT OF DISASTERS

DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005
VISION
“To build A SAFE AND DISASTER RESILIENT INDIA by developing a holistic,
proactive, multi-disaster and technology-driven strategy through a culture of
prevention, mitigation, preparedness and efficient response.”
STRATEGY
 A multi-dimensional Strategy, focusing on –
 Pre-disaster Phase:
1. Prevention.
2. Mitigation.
3. Preparedness.
4. Capacity Building (NDRF, SDRF, CD, NCC, NYKS etc).
5. Community based Disaster Management (including Public Awareness).
 Post-disaster Phase:
6. Prompt and Efficient Response – Proactive.
7. Reconstruction and Recovery (Building back better)

SALIENT FEATURES – DM ACT
 APPROACH
 Paradigm Shift from Response Centric to a Holistic and Integrated
Approach.
 Backed by – Institutional Framework and Legal Authority.
 Supported by Financial Mechanism, Creation of new Funds, i.e.,
Response Fund and Mitigation Fund.
 DM STRUCTURE
 NDMA set up as the Apex Body with Hon’ble PM as Chairperson.
 DM Structure – At all three levels i.e. National, State and District.
 National Executive Committee (NEC) - Secretaries of 14 Ministries and
Chief of Integrated Defence Staff Function as Executive Committee of
NDMA.

Central
Government
State
Government
National Disaster
Management Authority
NDMA, (10- Member
body chaired by the PM,
hosted by Ministry of
Home Affairs)
State Disaster
Management
Authority (SDMA)
Chair- Chief
Minister with other
8 members
District Disaster
Management
Authority (DDMA)
Chair- DM/DC/
and Co- Chair by
Chairperson, Zila
Parishad
Panchayat

ROLE OF CENTRAL MINISTRIES AND DEPARTMENTS
 Disaster Management is a multi-disciplinary process, all Central Ministries
and Departments will have a key role in the field of disaster management.
 Nodal Ministries and Departments of Government of India will address
specific disasters as assigned to them as :-
(i) Drought - Ministry of Agriculture.
(ii) Epidemics & Biological Disaster - Ministry of Health.
(iii) Chemical Disaster - Ministry of Environment.
(iv) Nuclear Accidents & Leakages - Dept. of Atomic Energy.
(v) Railway Accidents - Ministry of Railways.
(vi) Air Accidents - Ministry of Civil Aviation.
(vii) Natural Disasters & Civil Strife - Ministry of Home Affairs.

1. Lay down Policy and Guidelines.
2. Approve National Disaster Management (DM) Plan and DM Plans of
Ministries & Departments.
3. Coordinate enforcement and implementation of policy and plans.
4. Take Measures for :–
 Prevention.
 Preparedness (including Capacity Development).
 Mitigation.
 Awareness Generation.
 Rehabilitation and Recovery.
MANDATE OF NDMA

5. Response :–
 Low Level Disasters – National Executive Committee.
 Grave Disasters – Execution by NEC and National Crisis
Management Committee (NCMC).
Coordination by the NDMA.
6. Additional :–
 National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) – Superintendence, Direction
and Administrative Control with NDMA.
 National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) to work under
guidelines of NDMA.
 Recommend provision of funds for mitigation and Preparedness
measures.
 Assistance in Support to other Countries.
MANDATE OF NDMA

• NDMA finalized the National Policy on Disaster Management in 2009.
• Vision enshrined in the Policy :
NATIONAL POLICY ON DM
“To build a Safe and Disaster Resilient India by
developing a holistic, proactive, multi-disaster
and technology-driven strategy through a culture
of prevention, mitigation, preparedness and
efficient response.”

NATIONAL GUIDELINES
Section 6 (2) (d & e) of the DM Act mandates NDMA to prepare
Guidelines on the basis of which Plans will be made by the Ministries/
Departments of the Government of India and the States.
Approach
• All inclusive participatory and consultative process with
representatives from the Ministries/ Departments of
Government of India and other stakeholders

• Guidelines on Pandemic Preparedness
Beyond Health.
22 Apr 08.
• Cyclones. 24 Apr 08.
• Biological. 22 Aug 08.
• Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies
(Unclassified, Part – I).
24 Feb 09.
• Guidelines for Disaster Response Training at
the Centre & States – NDRF & SDRFs.
Mar 09.
• Landslides & Snow Avalanches. 23 Jun 09.
• Chemical Terrorism Disasters. 04 Aug 09.
• Psycho Social and Mental Health Care. 20 Jan 10.
• Incident Response System. 21 Jul 10.
• Strengthening of Safety and Security for
Transportation of POL Tankers.
26 Jul 10.
GUIDELINES ISSUED:

• Threats to Municipal Water Supply and Water
Reservoirs.
26 Jul 10.
• Mechanism to Detect, Prevent and Respond to
Radiological Emergencies in India.
11 Aug 10.
• Management of the Dead in the Aftermath of
Disaster.
17 Aug 10.
• Minimum Standards of Relief –
Food in Relief Camps.
Sanitation & Hygiene in Disaster Relief.
Water Supply in Relief Camps.
Medical Cover in Relief Camps.
30 Aug 10.
• Tsunami. 03 Sep 10.
• Drought. 24 Sep 10.
• Role of NGOs in Disaster Management 24 Sep 10.
• Urban Flooding 27 Sep
2010.
GUIDELINES ISSUED:

• National Policy on Disaster Management
(DM)
Approved by
the
Government on
22 Oct 09.
• Guidelines for NIDM’s Functioning. 13 Apr 06.
• Recommendations on Revamping of
CD & Fire Services.
17 Dec 06.
• Earthquakes. 16 May 07.
• Chemical (Industrial) Disasters. 28 May 07.
• Formulation of State DM Plans. 16 Aug 07.
• Medical Preparedness and Mass
Casualty Management.
14 Nov 07.
• Floods. 17 Jan 08.
GUIDELINES ISSUED:

1. Revamping of Civil Defence;
2. Guidelines for National Institute of Disaster Management;
3. Pandemic Preparedness beyond Health;
4. Guidelines for Disaster Response Training for NDRF & SDRFs;
5. Strengthening of Safety and Security for Transportation of POL
Tankers;
6. Threats to Municipal Water Supply and Water Reservoirs;
7. Mechanism to Detect, Prevent and Respond to Radiological
Emergencies in India;
OTHER REPORTS PREPARED BY NDMA

8. Management of the Dead in the Aftermath of Disaster;
9. Minimum Standards of Relief;
10. Food in Relief Camps;
11. Sanitation & Hygiene in Disaster Relief;
12. Water Supply in Relief Camps;
13. Medical Cover in Relief Camps;
14. Training and Capacity Building of Civil Defence and Sister
Organizations.
OTHER REPORTS PREPARED BY NDMA

INCIDENT RESPONSE SYSTEM
MEDICAL GROUP
RESTORATION OF ESSENTIAL
SERVICES
DEAD BODY MANAGEMENT GROUP

RECOMMENDED OUTLAYS FOR DM BY FINANCE COMMISSIONS
IN INDIA
Finance
Commission
Period Category Amount
(Rs. Cr)
Sixth FC 1973-1978 Famine Relief 50.70
Seventh FC 1978-1984 Margin Money 100.60
Eighth FC 1984-1988 Calamity Relief Fund 240.80
Ninth FC 1988-1994 Calamity Relief Fund 602.30
Tenth FC 1994-2000 Calamity Relief Fund 4728.20
Eleventh FC 2000-2005 Calamity Relief Fund 8255.70
Twelfth FC 2005-2010 Calamity Relief Fund 21333.00
Thirteenth FC 2010-2015 Disaster Response Fund 33581.00

1. WORKING WITH STATES
• Primary Responsibility rests with States.
• Our Approach is to act as facilitators.
Pre- Disaster
• Assist in various DM related issues.
• Facilitate preparation / execution of Mitigation Projects.
• Assist in running Mock Exercises.
• Organize Awareness and preparedness campaigns in partnership with
States.
Impending / During Disaster
• Ensure prompt availability of NDRF and other Central Resources.
• Assist in any other form as required.
Attitude of States
• Cooperative and Supportive.
• Enthusiastic Participation.
RELATIONSHIP WITH STAKEHOLDERS

2. WORKING WITH MINISTRIES/ DEPARTMENTS OF GOI
• Platform for consultation and coordination of activities.
• Assist in Preparation of techno-legal regimes in the areas of prevention and
preparedness.
• Facilitate efforts to improve forecasting / early warning systems.
• Assist Mainstreaming of DM projects into developmental plans.
• Preparation / execution of mitigation projects.
3. WORKING WITH THE S & T INSTITUTIONS, COMMUNITY, NGOs / CBOs AND THE
CORPORATE SECTOR
• Forum for dialogue, discussion and role-definition.
• Assimilation of Highest Academic, Technical & Scientific experience and effort
into DM.
RELATIONSHIP WITH STAKEHOLDERS

MAINSTREAMING DM INTO DEVELOPMENTAL PLAN
1. Modalities finalized with Planning Commission.
• All Expenditure Finance Committee (EFC), Cabinet Committee on Economic
Affairs (CCEA) and Public Investment Board (PIB) notes to contain DM Audit
Certification.
• Need for DM Audit Accepted for –
(a) All New and Ongoing Projects/ Programmes.
(b) Selective revisiting of completed works.
• Planning Commission has also agreed to consider additional funds
allocation for –
(a) Ensuring Disaster Resilience.
(b) Measures thrown up by the DM Plans prepared by Central
Ministries/ Departments and States/ UTs – following the
Guidelines of the NDMA.
2. All new Projects/ Programmes will mandatorily have DM resilience inbuilt (at
times of conceptualization itself).
3. Modalities now being finalized with Finance Ministry, Central Ministries and
States.

NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE
Disaster Management Act 2005 :
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
• Section 44 (1) : There shall be constituted a National Disaster Response Force
for the purpose of specialist response to a threatening disaster situation or
disaster.
• Section 44 (2) : Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Force shall be
constituted in such manner and, the conditions of service of the members of
the Force, including disciplinary provisions therefore, be such as may be
prescribed.
• Section 45 : The general superintendence, direction and control of the Force
shall be vested and exercised by the National Authority and the command and
supervision of the Force shall vest in an officer to be appointed by the Central
Government as the Director General of the National Disaster Response Force.

1. Composition.
• Existing : 8 Bns.
• Approved : 10 Bns.
2. Tasks.
• Specialized Response during disasters.
• Assist in Community Training & Preparedness.
• Impart basic and operation level training to State Disaster Response Forces
(Police, Civil Defence and Home Guards).
• Proactive Deployment during impending disaster situations.
• Liaison, Reconnaissance, Rehearsals and Mock Drills.
3. Equipment.
• Inflatable Boats Available : 576 (72x8) + 48 (6x8) = 624.
• BAUTS ordered : 288 (36x8).
• National Response Reserve : Inflatable: 480 + BAUTS: 120 = 600.
• Availability of Boats with 10 BNs –
NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE
(DEDICATED FORCE FOR DM)
912.
1512.
1740.

NDRF BNS – LOCATIONS
Bhatinda
Punjab
Ghaziabad
Uttar Pradesh
Vadodara
Gujarat
Pune
Maharashtra
Mundali
Odisha
Kolkata
West Bengal
Guwahati
Assam
Patna
Bihar
Arakkonam
Tamil Nadu LEGEND
BNs
CBRN BNs
New Raisings
Guntur
Andhra Pradesh
Two more Battalions Approved

AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY OF NDRF BNS

COMPOSITION OF NDRF BNs
 Each Bn to have 1149 personnel.
 Each Bn to have 18 specialist teams of 44 members to
handle natural & NBC disasters.
 Each team of 45 to have 2 Engineers, 2 Paramedics, 1
Technician, 1 Electrician & 1 Dog Squad.
 Total number – 18 teams x 8 Bn = 144 teams.
 Proposed Total Number for 10 Bns – 18 teams x 10 Bn = 180
Teams.

VISIBLE PART: AT THE CUTTING EDGE LEVEL
KOSI FLOODS
LANDSLIDE RESCUE,
DARJEELING
AP & KARNATAKA FLOODS
SAR OPERATION AT
BELLARY,
KARNATAKA,
Rescue During Pawna River
Floods, PUNE
NDRF : Response Activities

SUMMARY OF MOCK EXERCISES SINCE 2006
SL. HAZARD COORDINATIN
G
CONFEREN
CE
TABLE TOP MOCK
EXERCISE
1. Floods 35 35 35
2. Earthquake 48 48 48
3. Cyclone 20 20 20
4. Chemical (incl
Pet)
85 (incl 20 Pet) 85 (incl 20 Pet) 85 ( 20 Pet)
5. School Safety 132 - 132
6 Terrorist
Related
33 33 33
7. Urban Fires 14 14 14
8. CWG,WC & 75 75 75

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

ROLE OF NIDM
1. According to Section 42(8) of the Act, the
NIDM shall function within the broad
policies and guidelines laid down by the
NDMA.
2. NIDM is responsible for training and
research, documentations and
development of national level information
base related to Disaster Management.
3. The functions of the NIDM are integral to
the activities of the NDMA.

IMMEDIATE CONCERNS
Search & Rescue
First Aid
Transfer/Evacuate to Medical institutions
Restoration of Essential services eg Medical services, Water,
Electricity, Communication networks, etc
Provision of Minimum Standards of Disaster in Relief Camps
eg. Food, Drinking water, Shelter, Sanitation, Medical cover
Disposal of Dead bodies
Prevention of Epidemics
Debris Removal

BASIC ASSETS IN DISASTERS
 Community
 Police
 Fire & Emergency Services
 Civil Defence
 Home Guards
 State Disaster Response Force
 Youth Organisations
 National Service Scheme
 National Cadet Corps
 Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan
 NGOs

CAPACITY BUILDING:
MAJOR INITIATIVES

1. Capacity Building Project (in Partnership with IGNOU) and Ministry of Rural
Development.
• States. : 11.
IGNOU
• Districts. : 55.
• Training of PRI/ ULB Representatives. : 12,375 (225 Per District).
• Training of Government Functionaries. : 4,125 (75 Per District).
CAPACITY BUILDING: MAJOR INITIATIVES

2. Training in State Institutes of Rural Development and National Institute of Rural
Development for PRIs is under active planning – with Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
• Awareness Generation and Preparedness through PRI Training Institutes.
• Disaster Resilience ensured in their Projects.
Note: Similar consultation is in progress with Ministry of Urban Development for
Training of Urban Local Bodies.
Panchayati Raj Institutions in the Filed of Disaster Management

3. Partnership with Corporate Sector through Corporate Social
Responsibility and Public Private Partnership.
• All major Business Houses consulted
• Positive response.
• Modalities being finalized with help of IIM Ahmedabad.
• FICCI, CII, ASSOCHAM, PHD Chamber of Commerce and NASSCOM etc.
being consulted.
• Through interaction with States.
• Corporate Disaster Resource Network – Established (with AidMatrix).

Recently GoI approved Rs 200 Cr.
4. Strengthening of Fire Services.
• Present shortage : 91%.
• Weakest link presently in DM apparatus of the Country – Matter of Grave
Concern.
• Equipment needs immediate upgradation to meet operational challenges.
• Fire Services need to be upgraded into Fire and Emergency Services.
• Discussion carried out with Finance Commission for necessary
allocation of funds.
Presently the Fire Services though most valuable are the weakest link.

13th FINANCE COMMISSION AWARD
FIRE SERVICES AND CAPACITY BUILDING
1. Finance Commission has recognized the need for modernization
of the Fire Services.
2. Finances allotted to ULBs for revamping and upgradation of Fire
Services in Cities over one Million population.
• Compliance to be confirmed through Gazette Notification.
3. In addition to the above, Finance Commission has allotted
specific funds for revamping Fire Services to Andhra Pradesh,
Haryana, Orissa, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh.
4. For Capacity Building and upgradation of SDRF Rs. 525 Cr
allotted.
5. For National Disaster Response Reserves Rs. 250 Cr allotted.

CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN EMERGENCY MEDICAL
PREPAREDNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH
 Basic Life Support (BLS) Course
 Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Course (National Nodal Centre =
JPN Apex AIIMS)
 Disaster Management in Medical curriculum
 Medical Preparedness for Mass Casualty Management to get a
mainstay in the education curricula
 Skill and competence based training to all health care providers
 Development of disaster resilient communication network with single
national toll free number and mobile tele-health facilities
 Provisions to provide special care to the vulnerable groups and the
psychosocial support to all the victims and their families
 Public health in emergencies
 MISP in reproductive health in crisis situations
 Nutrition in emergencies
 WASH in Emergencies

COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER
MANGEMENT
 Community being the First Responder for any disaster or
emergency
 Mechanism to incorporate community best practices to develop a
resilient community
 Capacity Development of ASHA/VLH&S Committees/RKS/AWW
 Capacity Development of Railway functionaries at Railway
Stations, Security Guards in RWA
 Capacity Development of Civil Defence volunteers, NCC/NSS/NYKS
 Development of Certified Medical First Responders

NDMA’S INITIATIVE ON EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS
1. NDMA issued Guidelines for Management of Earthquakes – 16 May 2007.
2. Mainstreaming DRR in various Central Schemes.
3. Reserve Bank of India Guidelines for Bank Financing –
• For Building Sector – Issued in 2011.
• For Infrastructure Sector – Under Formulation.
4. Retrofitting Policy & Guidelines – Under Formulation.
5. Building Typology.
6. Earthquake Risk Mitigation in Open Ground Storey RC Buildings – Under Formulation.

 Most destructive tsunami ever experienced.
 16,096 lives lost in India.
 Unprecedented financial loss.
 Govt. of India’s milestone initiative:
 A State-of-the-art Indian Tsunami Warning Centre (ITWC) at
the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services
(INCOIS).
INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI 2004

INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING CENTRE
ITEWC disseminates regional tsunami advisories
to 23 rim countries in the Indian Ocean region as a
part of its Regional Tsunami Advisory Service
Provider (RTSP) operations.

Tsunami Vulnerability
Tsunami Sources for India
• For a tsunami to hit
Indian coast, it is
necessary that
earthquake of magnitude
> 7 should occur. Two
such possible zones are
• Andaman-Sumatra
• Makran
Potential Tsunamigenic Zones

INCOIS
NIOT
Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting System for Detection of Tsunamis
INCOIS
NIOT
INCOIS
NIOT
SATELLITE
INCOIS
NIOT
Proposed to Deploy
Current DeployedCurrent Deployed
Proposed to Deploy
TB10A
Relevant for Pakistan

NATIONAL CYCLONE RISK MITIGATION PROJECT
• Objective:
i. To strengthen structural & non-structural cyclone
mitigation efforts.
ii. To build capacities for cyclone risk mitigation.

NATIONAL SCHOOL SAFETY PROGRAMME
• For creating Safe School Environment.
• Area Covered– Two districts each of 22 States/ UTs in Zone IV & V.
• Project Objectives –
• Formulation of National School Safety Policy.
• Capacity Building of Staff and Students.
• Information, Education and Communication Initiatives.
• Demonstrative Retrofitting – one school each in 22 States/ UTs.
.

OTHER PROJECTS/STUDIES
 Development of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Map of India (PSHA)
 Geo-Technical Investigation for Seismic Microzonation
 Brahmaputra River Erosion Study
 Setting up of Mobile Radiation Detection Systems (MRDS)
 Technical template to classify various typologies of building
 Preparation of Upgraded Earthquake Hazards Maps
 Soil Piping Project
 Early Warning System for flash flood in the Meenachal and Manimala Rivers in Kerala.

PROPOSED PROJECTS
 National Earthquake Risk Mitigation Project.
 National Disaster Communication Network.
 National Disaster Management Information System.
 Flood Risk Mitigation Programme.
 Landslide Risk Mitigation Programme.

LARGE SCALE SIMULATION EXERCISES
CEMEX 2011
DELHI MEGA SIMULATION 2012
GEMEX 2012
DEMEX 2012
MULTI-STATE EARTHQUAKE EXERCISE 2013

ARMED FORCES
 Armed Forces called when the situation is
beyond the coping capacity of the Civil
Administration.
 Form Core of the Government’s Response
Capacity in addition to the initiatives of NDRF &
SDRF
 Assisting in fields of Capacity Development &
Preparedness:-
 NBC Training
 Heliborne insertion
 High Altitude Rescue
 Diving / Rescue in water
 Participation in Mock Exercise

77
.
DEVELOPMENT SECTOR ASSOCIATIONS
•SOUTH – SOUTH
COOPERATION
•SPHERE DEVELOPMENT
NETWORK
•UNITED NATIONS
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
TEAM INDIA
•ADPC BANGKOK
•HARVARD HUMANITARIAN

THANK YOU

Disaster Management Initiatives in India

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (20)

En vedette

En vedette (20)

Similaire à Disaster Management Initiatives in India

Similaire à Disaster Management Initiatives in India (20)

Plus de ALNAP

Plus de ALNAP (20)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

Disaster Management Initiatives in India