1.
-Develop an understanding of how a geothermal heat pump system operates.
2.
-Have the ability to assess if a building is a candidate for a geothermal heat pump system.
3.
-Understand the environmental, operational and cost benefits of a geothermal heat pump system.
Webinar: Become a LEED AP and Maintain Your Credential
Geothermal for Commercial Buildings
1. So called global warming is just a
secret plot by wacko tree huggers to
make America energy independent,
clean our air and water, improve the
fuel efficiency of our vehicles, kick
start 21st century industries and make
our cities safer and more livable.
Don’t let them get away with it.
Chip Giller, Grist.Org
3. Presenters:
Brian Smith, PE, LEED AP
Principal, Allied Consulting Engineering Services
Steve Sakakeeny, CPG, LSP, CHMM
Principal, SAK Environmental
D.J. Quagliaroli
President, DRAGIN Geothermal Well Drilling
4. Allied Consulting Engineering Services, Inc. is a Registered Provider
with the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education
Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be
reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of
Completion for non-AIA members are available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing
professional education. As such, it does not include content that
may be construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of
any material of construction or any method or manner of handling,
using, distributing, or dealing an any material or product. Questions
related to specific materials, methods, and services will be
addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
6. L
E
Develop an understanding of how a
A
geothermal heat pump system
R
operates.
N O
I B
Have the ability to assess if a
N J building is a candidate for a
G E geothermal heat pump system,
C including technical and regulatory
T obstacles.
I Understand the environmental,
V operational and cost benefits of a
E
geothermal heat pump system.
S
7. H
O
R
I
Z
O
N
T
A Loops are installed in trenches 5-10 feet below
surface.
L
L
Requires 2,500 square feet per ton of cooling.
O
Generally installed in areas with moist sand or
O
dirt.
P
Must understand hydrology.
8. V
E
R
T
I
C
A
L
Boreholes are drilled several hundred feet deep.
L
Requires 200-250 linear feet per ton of cooling.
O
O
P
9. P
O
N
D
L
Geothermal loop is installed directly into a pond
O
or other body of water near the building.
O
Size and depth of pond must be analyzed to
P
ensure sufficient capacity.
Man made ponds/lakes are often installed to
accommodate a pond loop simultaneously adding
to the aesthetics of the property.
10. S
T
A
N
D
I
N
G C
Wells are drilled 1,000 – 1,500 feet deep.
O
L Generally installed in areas with shallow
bedrock (within 200’)
U
M Heat transfer medium (water) comes into direct
contact with heat sink/source (rock), resulting in
N
higher efficiency than closed systems.
21. In the olden days, before microwave ovens,
folks used a Pressure Cooker to cook foods faster.
Water boils at 240 °F at 10 PSIG
250 °F at 15 PSIG
22. In the classic high school
physics experiment water can
be made to boil at any
temperature by reducing the
pressure.
This concept is the basis of
modern air conditioning.
Except air conditioners don’t
use water they use
Halogenated Chloro Fluoro
Carbons like
Chlorodifluoromethane and
Zeotropic blends of Fluorinated
Halocarbons like
difluoromethane and
pentafluoroethane.
68. Z
E
R 40,000 Square Feet
O
A Mixed Use: Office/Black Box Theater
R (American Repertory Theater)
R
O
W
Urban Setting
Heated and Cooled with Three 1,500 Foot
S Standing Column Wells
T LEED Certified
R
E
E
T
69. Z
E
R FIRST COSTS OF EACH SYSTEM TYPE
O
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP):
A
R Wells = 3 x $55,000 = $165,000
R
O
W
Water Source Heat Pump (WSGP):
Cooling Tower = $30,000
S Boiler = $12,000
T
R
Cost Difference:
$165,000 – ($30,000+$12,000) = $123,000
E
E Other components are approximately equal for
T both systems (i.e. heat pumps, ductwork,
piping)
72. Z
E
R Energy Savings
1
O
A WSHP Cooling $9,956
R WSHP Heating $19,698
R
O WSHP Total $29,654
W
GSHP Cooling $9,017
S GSHP Heating $10,548
T
GSHP Total $19,565
R
Geothermal Heat Pump Savings:
E
$29,654 - $19,565 = $10,089
E
T
73. Z
E
R
O
A
Simple Payback
R
R
O System Cost Differential $123,000
W
Geothermal Heat Pump Savings $10,088
S
T
R
E Payback = $123,000 ÷ $10,000/yr. = 12.2 years
E
T
74. M
A Water Source Heat Pump
I Cooling tower water treatment
N
Cooling tower fan belts
T
Outdoor piping (roof) exposed to weather
E
N Cooling tower exposed to weather
A VFD’s can be fussy (control of CT fans)
N Boiler service (mandatory once/year)
C
E
75. M
A Ground Source Heat Pump
I Building loop water treatment/test and add
N chemicals if necessary
T Other components (i.e. heat pumps and
E water pumps) require equal maintenance for
N both systems
A
N
C
E
76. Geothermal Benefits
Free heat
No fossil fuel hazards
Reduced carbon footprint
Enhanced serviceability
No outdoor noise
No visual impact outdoors
Positive cashflow day one
Savings increase overtime
10% Tax Credit (30% Residential)
77. Certified Professional Geologists,
Hydrogeologists, Chemists
Geology
Aquifer testing
(hydraulic and thermal)
Well design
Construction inspection
Water quality considerations
Regulatory permits
78. Standing Column Well
Water circulation in 1 well
800 ft. to 1,500 ft. deep
Surface bleed for thermal
balance
Gravity injection
Permitting
79. Designing to the Environment
YOUR ANSWERS ARE UNDERGROUND!
Geology affects thermal capacity of well
Water yield affects thermal capacity of well
Water quality affects:
Corrosion rates
O&M
Regulatory considerations
80. Aquifer Characteristics
Water yield
Rock density
Thermal conductivity
testing – Btu/ft-hr oF
81. C
Brackish water –
O
corrosion and water management
N
Collapsing bore hole
S
I
Waste management
D
Boston Groundwater Trust (Back
E Bay)
R
A
T
I
O
N
S
82. Regulatory Permitting: Applicable Rules
Underground Injection (UIC) Control Program
Groundwater discharge Permit Program (314
CMR 5.00)
MADEP Guidelines for Ground Source Heat
Pump Wells, February 2009
83. Regulatory Concerns
Data base of injection wells
Thermal pollution
Cross-contamination of aquifers
84. Registration under the UIC Program
Initial registration
Significant system modifications
Change in ownership
Well closure
85. Water Quality Testing
Required for all open loop wells
“Conditional” to “Full” registration
Exceedance may require water treatment
Copper and Lead on return flow
86. E NT
U RR TS
C EN
EM
Q UIR Other permitting requirements:
RE
Bleed water to dry well –
UIC registration
Bleed water to sewer or storm
drain – local permit
Bleed water to surface water –
not allowed until Massachusetts
federal EPA permit renewed
87. E NT
U RR TS
C EN
EM
Q UIR Treatment and expanded
RE permitting required if:
Water quality limits exceeded, or
Using treatment chemicals (i.e.
disinfectants, scale inhibitors)
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96. consulting engineering services, inc.
Questions?
Thank you for your time.
This concludes the American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems Program.
Allied Consulting Engineering Services
215 Boston Post Road Sudbury, Massachusetts
43 Jefferson Boulevard Warwick, Rhode Island
978-443-7888 alliedconsulting.net
Environmental, LLC