Nuclear power plant

1. Effect of nuclear power
plant on environment
Muhammad Junaid khan BCHF17MM015
Shoukat Abbas BCHF17MM043
Zafar Ullah khan BCHF17MM047
Abdul Qadeer BCHF17MM051

2. What is Nuclear Power
Plant?
A generating plant in which nuclear energy is converted into electrical energy is known as a
Nuclear Power Plant.
A nuclear power plant works in a similar way as a thermal power plant.
• Nuclear power plant uses Uranium and Plotonium as a fuels.

3. . Today there are about 439 Nuclear power plant in 31 countries.
1kg of Uranium can profuse as much energy as burn of 4500 tones of high variety
grade of coal or 2000 tones of oil.

5. At what principle Nuclear Power Plant
Works?
 Nuclear Power Plant works at the principle of Fission process.

6. What is Fission Process?
 Process in which a large atomic nuclei such as Uranium-235 or Plotonium-239
absorbs a neutron.It may undergo nuclear fission.The heavy nucleus splits into two
or more lighter nucli(fission product) releasing Kinatic energy and free buttons.
This process is called Fission process

7. Chain reaction :

8. Chain reaction
 A portion of these neutrons may be absorbed by other atoms and trigger further
fission events which release more neutron and so on.This is known as a nuclear
chain reaction.

10. How nuclear power plant produce energy?

11. Impact of Nuclear Power Plant :
(1) positive impacts :

12. Negative impacts :
Environmental Impact
 One of the biggest issues is the environmental impact in relation to uranium. The
process of mining and refining uranium hasn’t been clean. Actually transporting
nuclear fuel to and from plants involves a pollution hazard. Also, once the fuel is
used, you can’t simply take it to the landfill – it’s radioactive and dangerous

13. Radioactive waste
 The spent nuclear fuel from uranium-235 and plutonium-239 nuclear fission
contains a wide variety of carcinogenic radionuclide isotopes such as strontium-90,
iodine-131 and caesium-137, and includes some of the most long-lived transuranic
elements such as americium-241 and isotopes of plutonium

14. Radioactive Waste Disposal
 As a rule, a nuclear power plant creates 20 metric tons of nuclear fuel per year,
and with that comes a lot of nuclear waste. When you consider each nuclear plant
on Earth, you will find that number jumps to approximately 2,000 metric tons a year.
 The greater part of this waste transmits radiation and high temperature, implying
that it will inevitably consume any compartment that holds it. It can also cause
damage to living things in and around the plants.

15. Radioactive waste decay
 Nuclear power plants create a lot of low-level radioactive waste as transmitted
parts and supplies. Over time, used nuclear fuel decays to safe radioactive levels,
however, this takes a countless number of years. Even low-level radioactive waste
takes hundreds of years to achieve adequate levels of safety.

16. Nuclear Accidents
 The accident in Three Mile Island in 1979, the Chernobyl accident that occurred on
26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine, was the worst
nuclear accident in history. Then there was another accident that happened
recently in Fukushima in Japan in 2011. Although the casualties were not that high,
it caused serious environmental concerns. Its harmful effects on humans and
ecology can still be seen today.

17. Uranium is Finite
 Typical renewable energy sources such as solar and wind are in infinite supply.
Nuclear energy is not a renewable fuel source. Just like other sources of fuel,
uranium is also finite and exists in a few of the countries. Uranium is in limited
supply although currently abundant. There is still the risk of running out eventually.
 Unlike fossil fuels that are available to most of the countries, uranium is a very
scarce resource and exists in only a few of the countries. Permissions of several
international authorities are required before someone can even think of building a
nuclear power plant.

18. The green house gas emission
 The greenhouse gas emissions from nuclear fission power are much smaller than
those associated with coal, oil and gas, and the routine health risks are much
smaller than those associated with coal.
 However, there is a "catastrophic risk" potential if containment fails,which in
nuclear reactors can be brought about by overheated fuels melting and releasing
large quantities of fission products into the environment. This potential risk could
wipe out the benefits .

19. Cancer
 Numerous studies have been done on possible effect of nuclear power in causing
cancer in both plant workers and surrounding populations during normal
operations of nuclear plants and other parts of the nuclear power industry,
 as well as
 excess cancers in workers and the public due to accidental releases.There is also
agreement that some workers in other parts of the nuclear fuel cycle, most notably
uranium mining – at least in past decades – have had elevated rates of cancer.

20. Iodine
 Iodine-131 is potentially an important source of morbidity in accidental discharges
because of its prevalence and because it settles on the ground. When iodine-131
is released, it can be inhaled or consumed after it enters the food chain, primarily
through contaminated fruits, vegetables, milk, and groundwater. Iodine-131 in the
body rapidly accumulates in the thyroid gland, becoming a source of beta radiation

21. Waste heat
 As with all thermoelectric plants, nuclear power plants need cooling systems. The
most common systems for thermal power plants, including nuclear, are:
 Once-through cooling, in which water is drawn from a large body, passes through
the cooling system, and then flows back into the water body.
 Cooling pond, in which water is drawn from a pond dedicated to the purpose,
passes through the cooling system, then returns to the pond.

22. Greenhouse gas emissions
 Emittion of carbon dioxide and conventional pollutants by nuclear energy
contributes a very small amount into the atmosphere which can cause many
environmental problems such as global warming.
 All of the waste that comes from the fission of uranium stays in the plant and is
therefore able to be disposed of in a safe way in which the uranium is kept out of
the environment.
 Nuclear energy produces far less carbon dioxide than coal, 9 grams per kilowatt
hour compared with 790–1017 grams per kilowatt hour for coal.