9781111306366 ppt ch5

Guide to Operating Systems,
4th
ed.
Chapter 5: Installing and Upgrading
Operating Systems

Guide to Operating Systems, 4th ed. 2
Objectives
2
• Explain the overall process of installing and
upgrading operating systems
• Prepare for operating system installation and
understand the factors involved in making the
decision to upgrade
• Install and upgrade the following operating systems
and understand the various options presented in:
– Windows XP, Vista, and 7, Windows Server 2003/R2, 2008/R2,
Linux Fedora, and Mac OS X Leopard and Snow Leopard
• Obtain operating system patches and minor
upgrades through the Internet

Introduction to Installing an Operating
System
• Two types of operating system installations:
– Clean installation – on a computer that either has no operating
system or on a computer that has an operating system that will
be overwritten by the installation
– Upgrade installation – on a computer that already has an
earlier version of the operating system
• Process of installing a new OS varies from one
operating system to another
• Divided into three stages:
– Preparation for installation
– Installation itself
– Any required or optional steps following the installation

System
• Preparing for installation involves:
– Making sure the computer meets or exceeds the hardware
and/or software requirements
– Ensuring that all equipment is powered on and operating
correctly
– Having all OS CDs or DVDs on hand
– Understanding the general features of the OS you are installing
so you can decide which modules to install or omit
– Having DVDs/CD-ROMs or files on a flash drive for any device
drivers that might be needed for new equipment
– Having up to date and accurate information available about
your computer and peripheral devices

System
• During the installation, you may need to provide
some or all of the following:
– Where (in which drive, directory/folder) to install the OS and
what to name the directory/folder that contains the OS
– What type of installation you wish to perform (Custom or
Upgrade)
– Information about you, your company, and your computer
(computer or workgroup name)
– Licensing information verifying your right to install the OS
– Which components of the OS you want to install
• After installation, keep the product key, ID number
or activation number in a safe place

System
• The installation consists of some of the following
general functions:
– Gathering system information
– Loading/running the installation program
– Determining which elements of the OS are to be installed
– Configuring devices and drivers
– Copying operating system files onto your computer
– Restarting the system and finalizing configuration of devices
• Most OSs have the Plug and Play (PnP) feature that
automatically configures internal and external devices
as part of the installation

Preparing for Installation
• Advance preparations:
– The computer must be working correctly
• Defective disk drive, DVD/CD-ROM, or a bad section of memory
can make installation difficult
– Many operating systems try to automatically detect the
hardware connected to your computer
– The result of nonworking hardware can be a failed installation

Checking the Hardware
• Make sure that all external hardware is turned on
and ready for use
– Examples: SCSI devices, printers, modems, and scanners
• Have all available information about your hardware
– Know how many hard drives, what size they are, and the type
of disks (such as SCSI or SATA disks)
• You should also know:
– How much memory you have
– Make and model of your video card, network card, sound card,
etc…
– The types of device drivers for your printer, scanner or other
device

Checking the Hardware

Checking Drivers
• Examples of devices that require special drivers
– DVD/CD-ROM drives, SCSI drives, network interface cards,
printers, and scanners
• Drivers may come on a disk with the device but
might not include drivers for all possible operating
systems
– Check device documentation to see which OSs are certified for
use with particular hardware
• Newer drivers might be available that will make the
device work faster/better
– Go to the hardware manufacturer’s website to download the
latest driver that matches the OS you will be installing

Ensuring Hardware Compatibility
• Many OSs have certain hardware requirements
– Usually found in OS documentation or vendor’s Web site
– Example: Compatibility information for Windows 7 can be found
at the Windows 7 Compatibility Center on Microsoft’s
website
– Red Hat Linux has the Red Hat Certified Hardware program,
which offers manufacturers a software test suite for testing
hardware
– An Intel-based Macintosh is required for Mac OS X Snow
Leopard or later versions
– “Minimum” recommendation usually means that you can install
the OS but you will not be able to use it
• Look for recommended specifications instead of minimum

Migrating to a New Operating System
• Migrating is a term used to refer to move from one
operating system to another, which may or may not
involve implementing a new computer
• Decide whether to perform an upgrade or clean
installation
– Upgrade installation usually costs less and you can select to
retain your existing settings, data files, and applications (saves
time)
– Clean upgrade gives you a fresh start by reformatting the hard
disk, which enables disk problems to be found and fixed
• Takes more time to configure OS, copy back data files and
reinstall applications

• Decide if an upgrade is necessary:
– Will it enable you or your organization to perform tasks or use
software you can’t use now?
– Will it save money in the long run by increasing productivity or
enabling new services?
– It is best not to upgrade/migrate shortly after a new operating
system is released
• By waiting, bugs may be found and fixes made available
– Some OS vendors offer prerelease or beta software to try
• Alpha software – an early development version in which there are
likely to be bugs
• Beta software – software that has successfully passed the alpha
test stage

• Checking Hardware and Software
– Windows XP, Vista, and 7 offer a tool (Upgrade Advisor) that
will check if your system hardware and software are ready for
the new OS
– If your organization supports many computers, consider
keeping an inventory of the hardware (See Table 5-2)
– Keep detailed records of custom software settings (changes in
the defaults)
– Determine what software is used on systems prior to an
upgrade so you make sure it is compatible with new OS
• Perform a software inventory before upgrading (See Table 5-3)

• Backup – copying files from a computer to another
medium, such as tape, DVD, another hard drive, or
a removable drive
• Most operating systems have a backup utility
• Before backing up your information:
– Close all open windows, programs, and files
– Make sure you have the software to restore the backups under
both the new and old operating system
– Make sure you actually make a full backup (not just the boot
disk, but all fixed disks connected to the computer)
– Make sure the new system will be able to read your backup
without problems

Conducting a Test Migration
• If upgrading more than one or two computers, you
should plan to test a migration before applying it to
a production computer
– Choose a computer that represents the lowest memory, speed
of CPU, size of hard disk, etc…
– The test computer should have all the same software and be
fully functional on the same network as the computers that will
be upgraded
– Take notes describing the steps and any problems that arose
and what you did to solve those problems
– Create a written checklist that documents the
upgrade/migration process (See Figure 5-3 in the book)
– Once complete, test the computer for a few days

Conducting a Test Migration
• During the test phase, ask an experienced user to
use the test computer for a few days.
• Ensure that the upgrade did not change any
settings or move/remove files or programs
• These tests can be time consuming
– You may need a week or longer to get through them
– It is better to find out during a test that an OS
upgrade/migration will not work for you
– Test results may also be used to explain to management why
an upgrade/migration should or should not be carried out

Training
• When migrating to a new desktop OS, training is
recommended
• Could be classes, training videos, training DVDs,
etc...
• Training should be offered for server administrators
as well as end users
• There is an initial expense with training, but the
return on investment (ROI) can be worth it
– User productivity should improve as well as user morale

Installing and Upgrading Windows XP
• Windows XP has two versions:
– Home – intended for recreational/home users
– Professional – has more features than Home and is intended
for office and networked environments
• Hardware Requirements:

• Installing Windows XP
– New to XP is the concept of activation. Once you finish setup
you have 30 days to activate your copy of XP (by phone or
online)
– Windows XP has a utility called Files and Settings Transfer
Wizard – allows you to transfer your files from your old
computer to your new one via a cable or network connection
– After installing, use the Windows Update feature to download
and install any critical updates along with any optional updates
• Hands-on Project 5-4 enables you to practice an XP install

• Upgrading to Windows XP
– You can upgrade to XP from the following:
• Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT, and Windows 2000
• Upgrade process is identical for Windows 98, Me, NT, and 2000
– Use the option to check system compatibility before you start
• If no incompatibilities or problems were found you can begin
• If there is an incompatibility, stop the upgrade and check with your
computer manufacturer for Windows XP updates
– Upgrade should take fro 30 to 90 minutes to complete
– After you upgrade, use the Windows Update feature for
additional features and special upgrade options

Viewing the compatibility test results

Installing and Upgrading Windows
Vista
• Windows Vista editions:
– Home Basic Edition – provides essential file access support
and limited support for different kinds of media and multimedia
access
– Home Premium Edition – targeted for home entertainment and
high-level user productivity
– Enterprise Edition – supports virtual PC capabilities, extensive
networking capabilities, and offers tools to protect data
– Business Edition – intended for business users who need
diverse network connectivity options, computer management
tools, strong backup and security, and workgroup tools
– Ultimate Edition – Combines the entertainment and productivity
capabilities of both Home Premium and Business Editions and
takes advantage of hardware features in high-end PCs

Vista
• Hardware Requirements
– Many Windows XP users have found it necessary to purchase
new computers to move up to Windows Vista
– Table 5-5 shows the Windows Vista hardware requirements

Vista
• Installing Windows Vista
– Takes fewer steps to install than Windows XP and is easier
– Process is all GUI-based
– Hands-On Project 5-5 takes you through the steps to install
Vista

Vista
• Upgrading to Windows Vista
– Windows XP can be upgraded to Vista, depending on which
edition is in use
– General steps for a Windows Vista upgrade start on Page 248

Installing and Upgrading Windows 7
• Windows 7 Editions:
– Starter Edition – offers limited functions and is generally used for
Web access, email and basic document creation
– Home Basic Edition – intended for Web access, e-mail, photos,
music, and basic document handling
– Home Premium Edition – offer more digital capabilities than Home
Basic
– Professional Edition – Intended for supporting professional
activities on a home or small office computers
– Business Edition – enables use for business applications, network
mobility throughout an office, remote access, document
collaboration, backup, and security
– Ultimate Edition – union of home entertainment and business
productivity capabilities of Home Premium and Business editions

• All Windows 7 Editions, except Starter Edition
come in 32- and 64-bit versions

• Installing Windows 7
– Steps and setup windows are GUI-based
– Installations steps are comparable to steps in Windows Vista
– One difference: Windows 7 recognizes more hardware and
peripherals than Vista
– Hands-On Project 5-6 takes you through the steps to install
Windows 7

• Upgrading Windows 7 – Two approaches
– To upgrade from one edition of Windows 7 to a more full-
featured edition
• Purchase the Windows Anytime Upgrade for Windows 7
– To upgrade from Windows XP or Vista
– If upgrading from Windows XP
• Determine if the Windows XP computer can run Windows 7
• Backup applications and data files
• Perform a clean install of Windows 7
• Reinstall applications from original discs and restore application
and user files from the backup

Options for upgrading Windows 7 to a more
advanced version
Options for upgrading Windows Vista to Windows 7

Server 2003
• Windows Server 2003 has the following editions:
– Standard Edition
– Enterprise Edition
– Datacenter Edition
– Web Edition
– Small Business Server
• Enterprise Edition will be discussed in this chapter
as that is the edition used most in businesses and
educational institutions

Server 2003

Server 2003
• Installing Windows Server 2003
– First complete a text-based phase and later go into a GUI
phase
– Can be completed using a combination of floppy disks and a
CD-ROM or only a CD-ROM
• Floppy disk boot option is for some earlier computers that did not
have the ability to boot from a CD-ROM drive
– Hands-On Project 5-7 guides you through the Windows Server
2003 installation

Server 2003
• Upgrading to Windows Server 2003
– Windows Server 2000 will upgrade to Windows Server 2003
Standard Edition
– Windows 2000 Advanced Server will upgrade to 2003
Enterprise Edition
– Windows 2000 Datacenter Server will upgrade to 2003
Datacenter Edition
• Before starting upgrade:
– Back up your system, including the registry
– Make sure your hardware meets the requirements for 2003
– Check the hardware compatibility information (on Microsoft’s
web site)
– Obtain any drivers you might need

Server 2003
• To upgrade:
– Close all open windows and insert the installation CD-ROM
and wait for the Autorun program to start the Setup program
– Choose the option to check your system compatibility before
you start the actual installation
• If no incompatibilities then you can continue upgrade
• If an incompatibility is found, you should check with your computer
manufacturer for Windows Server 2003 updates
– You must obtain a product activation code by going to
Microsoft’s web site

Upgrading to Windows Server 2003
R2
• You can download Server 2003 R2 from
Microsoft’s download website
– Obtain the download that matches your current edition
• R2 is an interim release of Windows Server to
enable users to implement some of the new
features of Windows Server 2008
• Before you install the R2 upgrade, make sure that
Service Pack 1 (or higher) is already installed
• Backup Windows Server 2003 before you begin
• General steps to the upgrade start on pg. 254

Server 2008
• Some new features in 2008 include:
– Centralized server management through the Server Manager
tool
– Improved security
– Enhanced Web hosting services
– Hyper-V tool to create a virtual server environment
– Windows Server Core for running a server strictly through a
command-line interface
– Windows PowerShell, which provides a command-line and
shell-based environment for creating time-saving computer
management scripts

Server 2008
• Windows Server 2008 Editions:
– Standard Edition – Designed for basic everyday server needs for
small to large businesses
– Enterprise Edition – For organizations that deploy networks with
applications and Web services requiring high-end servers and a
high-level of productivity
– Datacenter Edition – For organizations that have mission-critical
applications that use large databases of information
– Web Server 2008 Edition – For hosting and deploying Web
services and Web applications
– Server 2008 for Itanium-Based Systems – Designed for servers
that use Intel Itanium 64-bit processor
– Windows High-Performance Computing (HPC) Server 2008 – used
to cluster high-performance computers to simulate
supercomputing capabilities

Server 2008

Server 2008
• Several ways to install Windows Server 2008:
– Traditional DVD clean installation
– Unattended installation that uses specialized files for
automating the installation of one or more servers without
server administrator intervention
– Installation into a virtual machine, such as in Hyper-V
– Windows Deployment Services – enables multiple operating
systems to be installed from a master server over a network
• Hands-On Project 5-8 shows how to perform a
traditional DVD installation

Server 2008
• Upgrading Windows Server 2008
– Microsoft recommends that you perform a clean installation of
Server 2008 rather than perform an upgrade
– The next slide shows the possible upgrade paths

Upgrade paths for Windows Server
2008

Server 2008 R2
• R2 adds two additions to the main server editions:
– Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation Edition – intended for
small businesses as a file and print server, terminal server, or
domain controller
– Windows High-Performance Computing (HPC) Server – Builds
on HPC Edition adding more features, including a job
scheduler for batch jobs to match mainframe batch job
capabilities
• Some new features:
– Active Directory enhancements
– Action Center – alert center for security and maintenance
concerns
– Ability to classify files for better management

Server 2008 R2

Server 2008 R2
• Installing Windows Server 2008 R2
– Steps are almost identical to those for Server 2008 with two
minor exceptions:
• Four new options for setting up the drive (delete, format, extend a
drive, or setup a new drive)
• Computer only restarts once instead of twice just before you enter
a password
• Upgrading Windows Server 2008 R2
– Upgrade paths for R2 are similar to those for Server 2008
– Microsoft still recommends performing a clean installation to
ensure that applications and data are reinstituted from scratch

Installing and Upgrading Linux
• This book covers installing one Linux distribution
version – Fedora 13

Installing and Upgrading Linux
• Installing Linux
– Fedora 13 Live Media can be booted and run from a DVD
– Fedora 13 can be loaded as a permanent OS on a hard drive
– Most Linux distributions can be used as a desktop or server OS
• Some distributions have a specific version for the desktop and
another version for a server
• Installations for both are similar, server versions just usually
include utilities intended for server environments
– Hands-On Project 5-9 guides you through a Fedora 13
installation
• Upgrading Linux
– Upgrade process works similarly to the installation process
– You can choose specific elements to update

Installing and Upgrading Mac OS X
• Uses a graphical interface and a Setup Assistant
that functions similarly to Windows setup wizards
• Mac OS X up through Mac OS X Leopard can be
installed on a computer with a PowerPC processor
– Mac OS X Leopard can also be installed on a computer with an
Intel processor
– Mac OS X Snow Leopard (and later versions) can only be
installed on an Intel-based computer

Mac OS X Leopard hardware requirements
Mac OS X Snow Leopard hardware requirements

• Installing Mac OS X
– You can boot a Macintosh computer from the installation DVD
and perform a clean installation of the OS
– Three parts to the installation process: booting from DVD,
running the installer, and restarting from the hard drive
– A Mac will boot from the DVD/CD-ROM drive only if instructed
to do so
• To do this hold down the option key when you turn on the
computer and select to boot from the Mac OS X Installation DVD
– General steps for performing a clean installation are outlined
on pages 264 – 265 in the book

• Apple encourages Mac OS X Leopard users to
upgrade to Snow Leopard by offering the upgrade
at a very low price
• Before attempting to upgrade to Mac OS X Snow
Leopard:
– Use the Time Machine application to fully back up Mac OS X
Leopard
– Check for disk errors using the Leopard Disk Utility
• Hands on Project 5-10 enables you to perform an
upgrade to Mac OS X Snow Leopard

Regular Updates for Operating
Systems
• Every OS vendor provides bug fixes, security patches,
and interim upgrades between major releases of an OS
• Windows Updates
– Windows Update – a Web-based function that allows you to
download and install fixes, updates, and enhancements
– This feature is available on Windows 98 and later versions
• Linux Updates
– Most Linux distributions come with an update module for
obtaining the latest updates
• Mac Updates
– Mac OS X Leopard and Snow Leopard offer the Software
Updates tool to enable you to check for recent updates

Chapter Summary
• There are two basic types of installations: a clean installation and
an upgrade installation. The process varies from one OS to
another, but all installations can be divided into three general
stages: preparation for installation, the installation itself, and any
required or optional steps following installation.
• Before installing or upgrading to a new OS, make sure that it is
necessary. Check that your hardware meets the requirements for
the new OS, and make sure you have the most current drivers for
devices on your system.
• Before you upgrade, make sure that you have a working backup of
the current OS and data. Check your backup after it is made to
make sure that you can perform a restore from it if the install or
upgrade is unsuccessful.

Chapter Summary
• The installations of and upgrades to Windows XP, Windows
Vista, Windows 7, Windows Server 2003/R2, Windows
Server 2008/R2, Linux, and Mac OS X Leopard and Snow
Leopard are overviewed in the chapter text and described
step by step in the Hands-On Projects.
• After installation, and at regular intervals thereafter, it is a
good idea to check for and download operating system
updates. All of the Windows versions described in this
chapter provide the Windows Update tool, Linux provides an
update module, and Mac OS Leopard and Snow Leopard
offer the Software Update tool.

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