Introduction to Computer hard ware and Software, How to do the SIMnet Lessons homework

1. Basic Computer Hardware
and Software.
PROFESSOR
AHMED AL ZAIDY

2. What is a Computer
 Hardware
 Software

3. Computer Process
 Input
 Process
 Output
 Storage

4. Input Devices
 Input Devices: devices that
input information into the
computer such as a
keyboard, mouse, scanner,
and digital camera.

5. Output Devices
 Output: devices that output
information from the
computer such as a printer
and monitor.

6. Central Processing Unit
 CPU (Central Processing Unit) also called the Microprocessor
or “The Brain” of the Computer.
 Processor speed: The speed at which a microprocessor
executes instructions. This is usually measured in megahertz
(MHz).
 Brands of Processors include:
Pentium
Celeron
MAC
AMD
Cyrix

7. Central Processing Unit
 Computer chip: also called the
microprocessor may contain an entire
processing unit.
 Computer chips contain millions of
transistors. They are small pieces of semi-
conducting material (silicon).
 An integrated circuit is embedded in
the silicon. Computers are made of
many chips on a circuit board.

8. Data Storage Devices
 The hard-drive is a mechanical storage
device typically located internally.
Fast recording and
recovery of data
Large storage capacity
Magnetic
Primary storage device for
data and programs
Speed is measured in
R.P.M.’s

9. Capacity of Storage
 Binary 0101010 each value BIT
 8Bit= Byte
 1024 B=KB
 1024Kb= MB
 1024 MB= GB
 1024 Gb = TB
 1024 TB= PB
 8
 16
 32
 64
 128
 256
 512
 1024

10. Data Storage Devices (cont’d)
 CD-ROM (compact disk read
only memory)
 Approximately 600 to
700 megabyte of
storage
 An optical device
read by a diode laser

11. Data Storage Devices (cont’d)
 Floppy diskette is magnetic
storage device for small
amounts of data (1.44MB).
 FLASH drive is a compact and
portable electronic storage
device.
 USB (plug and play) supported

12. Computer Memory
 Computer memory is binary (0 or 1) (on or off).
 The byte is the standard unit of measurement.
 A byte is composed of 8 bits (binary digits).
 Typical units of measurement:
1 KB (kilobyte) = 1000 bytes
1 MB (megabyte) =1000 kilobytes or 1 million
bytes
1 GB (gigabyte) =1000 megabytes or 1 billion
bytes

13. Computer Memory
 RAM (random access memory)
stores data that is processing. This
type of memory is erased when the
computer is turned off.
 ROM (read only memory) contains
special instructions for the computer
to operate.
 Cache memory increases the speed
of the processor by recording and
anticipating instructions.

14. Introduction to Computer
Software

15. Software & Hardware?
 Computer Instructions or data, anything that can be
stored electronically is Software.
 Hardware is one that is tangible. The storage devices
(Hard disk, CD’s etc.,), mouse, keyboard CPU and
display devices (Monitor) are Hardware.
For example: There is a problem in the Software implies –
Problem with program or data

16. Types of Software
System Software
Application Software
`

17. System Software:
System Software includes the Operating System and all
the utilities that enable the computer to function.
System software is a term referring to any computer
software which manages and controls the hardware so
that application software can perform a task.
Example:
Operating Systems, Compiler, Loader, Linker, Interpreter.

18. Application Software:
Application Software includes programs that do real work
for user.
Example:
Payroll systems, Inventory Control, Manage student
database, Word Processor, Spreadsheet and Database
Management System etc.,

19. System Software:
Operating System:
 Operating System is a software, which makes a
computer to actually work.
 It is the software the enables all the programs we use.
 The OS organizes and controls the hardware.
 OS acts as an interface between the application
programs and the machine hardware.
 Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc.,

20. Application Software:
Word Processors:
Word processing is a tool that helps user in creating,
editing, and printing documents. Word processors will
normally have the following capabilities built into them:
Spell checking
Standard layouts for normal documents
Have some characters appear in bold print,
italics, or underlined
Center lines, make text line up on the left
side of the paper, or the right side of the
paper
Save the document so it can be used again
print the document.
Examples: WordPerfect and Microsoft Word

21. Application Software
(contd…):
Spreadsheets: The spreadsheet packages are
designed to use numbers and formulas to do
calculations with ease. Examples of spreadsheets
include:
Budgets
Payrolls
Grade Calculations
Address Lists
The most commonly used spreadsheet programs are
Microsoft Excel and Lotus 123.

22. Application Software
(contd…):
Graphic Presentations: The presentation
programs can make giving presentations and using
overheads easier. Other uses include:
Slide Shows
Repeating Computer Presentations on a
computer monitor
Using Sound and animation in slide shows
The most recognized graphic presentation programs are
Microsoft PowerPoint and Harvard Graphics.

23. Application Software
(contd…):
Database Management System (DBMS):
 A DBMS is a software tool that allows multiple users to store,
access, and process data into useful information.
 Database programs are designed for these types of
applications:
Membership lists
Student lists
Grade reports
Instructor schedules
All of these have to be maintained so you can find what you
need quickly and accurately.
 Example:Microsoft Access, dBASE, Oracle.