1. The Best of Aid: Guiding the Movement Lant Pritchett At The Best and Worst of Aid: Accountability, Incentives, and Effectiveness March 5, 2010

4. Capabilities, Functionings, Utility, Well-being, Happiness, Life Satisfaction (Dimensions and Valuations) Human Development Smallest unit of Analysis: Individual Development Polity Economy Administration Social Smallest unit of Analysis: “Nation” Economy, Organization, Society, H0: Tightly Causally Connected

7. Well-being gains from the 1990s reforms in India exceed the previous 20 years of aid, plausibly by an order of magnitude Cumulative aid, 1970-1990: ~1 trillion US GDP 12 trillion Counter-factual “without reform” growth rate Gains from post-reform growth (relative to counter-factual) adjusted to OECD marginal utility in trillions $113.49 $202.47 1/y^2 $11.57 $20.63 1/y $1.18 $2.10 Constant 2% 0% Marginal utility:

9. Any of a number of reform initiated growth episodes could, by themselves justify decades of the entire endeavor of aid Widjojo, the Indonesian economist Total gains in trillions Gains with log Utility (2 ppa) Relative to Counter-factual growth rate of: Growth Episode 1.68 0.15 0.21 1986-2007 Vietnam 5.91 0.70 1.22 1966-2007 Indonesia 2 ppa 0 Country

11. The Achievements of the best of aid look the Conditions of the worst of aid Every Hollywood movie has the same plot: a sympathetic character overcomes increasingly difficult obstacles to achieve their final objective William Goldman

12. The Achievements of the best of aid look the Conditions of the worst of aid Every Hollywood movie has the same plot: a sympathetic character overcomes increasingly difficult obstacles to achieve their final objective William Goldman The problem wasn’t that Rocky had the same plot as all other Hollywood movies, it was the inauthentic repetition

13. Isomorphic Mimicry: Which is a bee, which is a fly looking like a bee?

14. The worst of aid encourages isomorphic mimicry to thrive as a viable organizational strategy Space for novelty (E)Valuation of novelty Legitimation Leadership Front-line worker use of capacity Open Functionality Demonstrated Success Wealth Creation Concerned Flexibility Closed Agenda promotion Isomorphic mimicry Rent Seeking/ Distribution Compliance Agents (leaders, managers, Front-line workers Organizations (firms, ministries, NGOs) System Characteristics

15. The worst of aid encourages isomorphic mimicry to thrive as a viable organizational strategy Space for novelty (E)Valuation of novelty Legitimation Leadership Front-line worker use of capacity Open Functionality Demonstrated Success Wealth Creation Concerned Flexibility Closed Agenda promotion Isomorphic mimicry Rent Seeking/ Distribution Compliance Agents (leaders, managers, Front-line workers Organizations (firms, ministries, NGOs) System Characteristics Big Development: Closing Space, Promoting External Agendas, Rewarding Inauthentic BAU Small Development: Against the system Creates Innovative Small Scale Success Allows dysfunctional Programs, policies, Organizations to thrive Without systemic Changes this remains Localized and effervescent

16. Fighting against our baby ontology to focus on properties of complex adaptive systems: allowing success to emerge Space for novelty (E)Valuation of novelty Legitimation Leadership Front-line worker use of capacity Open Functionality Demonstrated Success Wealth Creation Concerned Flexibility Closed Agenda promotion Isomorphic mimicry Rent Seeking/ Distribution Compliance Agents (leaders, managers, Front-line workers Organizations (firms, ministries, NGOs) System Characteristics

17. Fighting against our baby ontology to focus on properties of complex adaptive systems: allowing success to emerge Space for novelty (E)Valuation of novelty Legitimation Leadership Front-line worker use of capacity Open Functionality Demonstrated Success Wealth Creation Concerned Flexibility Closed Agenda promotion Isomorphic mimicry Rent Seeking/ Distribution Compliance Agents (leaders, managers, Front-line workers Organizations (firms, ministries, NGOs) System Characteristics Markets succeed by creating Conditions for ecological learning Through Creative Destruction And then Allowing Emergent Properties of Complex Adaptive Systems to Emerge Pull systems this way Allow this to emerge