MART June 2017 Issue

Is Traditional
Environmentalism
Fading?
e m p o w e r i n g e n g i n e e r i n g e x c e l l e n c e
Volume 13 | Issue 12 | June 2017 | `150
Industry
Environment
Face-off
Is
Traditional
Environmentalism
Fading?
Green
Manufacturing
A Way towards
Sustainability
RakeshKumar
Director,CSIR-NationalEnvironmental
EngineeringResearchInstitute
ProactiveIndustry
SustainableIndustrialGrowth
GREEN
MANUFACTURING

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‘GREENMANUFACTURING’
MANUFACTURING, AS ONE
OF THE MAJOR INDUSTRIES
WORLD OVER, HAS A SIZEABLE
SHARE IN THE DEGRADATION
OF ENVIRONMENT. THE SECTOR
HAS TO REALIZE ITS SHARE OF
RESPONSIBILITY TOO.
Grow with Green
Industry and environment cannot go hand in hand, or so, at least, do we tend
to believe. It is, indeed, when one grows at the cost of other. Immediate and
incremental benefits reaped out of the rapid industrial growth have been too
strong that overlooking the degradation of environment was too obvious.
Only when the environmental degradation reached a precarious stage, we the
beneficiaries of industrial growth started noticing it. Soon ‘Sustainability’ and
‘Sustainable Development’ became words of prominence for us.
It is with this view that the MART spoke to an eminent exponent of environmental
science and technologies, Dr. Rakesh Kumar, Director, CSIR-NEERI. In his
enlightening interview, Dr. Kumar opines that environment has always been at
the bottom of industry’s priority list as compared to other performance areas,
suggests how industry and competent government bodies can work in tandem to
curb environmental impact, and how NEERI is making efforts in this direction.
The cover story on industry environment face-off cites how environmental rules
have been tweaked or violated to maximize economic benefits of industry over
the years.
The article on traditional environmentalism seeks to delve into the depths of old
religious practices and their scientific reasons which were in sync with balance
of nature. Today, these have lost their
actual meanings and importance or are
simply discarded in face of technological
advancements.
Alternative 2017, a debutante event
with a noble aim of creating awareness
about the depletion of conventional
energy resources and need for
alternative energy, has been covered in
the event section of our June issue.
Green manufacturing is not just limited
to adopting a few technologies for
reducing emission. Rather it requires
a holistic approach and changes at
multiple levels to actually become
environment friendly manufacturing
business. Venkitachalam V in his article has discussed these as much as he has
discussed the notion of Indian companies act from pressures and not voluntarily
to follow environmental norms.
Green practices for environment protection, are equally important for brand
image and long term benefits for a company in the eyes of its employees and
customers. In his article, Sanjeev Himachai analyses how employees in an
organization can be encouraged to follow environmental rules and regulations and
contribute to nature.
Besides, the June issue has regular columns on other areas of manufacturing
along with a special feature Theory of Constraints by Praddep Kumar.
We hope you’ll enjoy and encourage our effort.

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An UPA-era crisis wouldn’t be
improper to begin with: a
Ministry of Environment and
Forests (MoEF) committee
on the Posco project in Odisha recorded
“serious lapses and illegalities” as per
the Environment Impact Assessment
Notification, 2006 and the majority of
members recommended revocation of
clearance granted in 2007 for a minor
port and steel plant. The Ministry had
to subsequently ignore the report and
conditionally clear the project.
Mr. Jairam Ramesh, then Minister of
MoEF planned to strike the right balance
between GDP growth and conservation,
reduce carbon emissions without
sacrificing growth — and vitally, to steer
the MoEF away from the path of rubber-
stamped environmental clearances.
But the sheer pressure on the Ministry,
including from other Ministries, proved
so hard that it had to show causes why
it was implementing fundamental laws
such as the Forest (Conservation) Act.
Environment and industry take such
polar positions that often involve clashes
of interests of the presiding ministries.
Globally, this clash of interest has
often taken proportion of debate over
the existence of such a clash at all.
Despite scientific evidences showing
anthropogenic role on climate change,
which includes industrial development
among other, industry still casts aside
climate change as a hoax. If they admit
climate change, they deny role of
humans for climate change. Even as the
argument is proved wrong, the next
of denial comes by playing down the
climate as a serious problem at all.
Industry
Environment
Face-off
Regimes change but instances
of tweaking rules and
regulations remain constant.
More so, when it comes to
one of the persistent issue –
environment vs. industry.
While role and need of
industrialization cannot
be denied, growth of it in
an unmindful and rapid
manner makes it hazardous
to environment. Those who
should bring in a concerted
effort to find solutions prefer to
walk their comfort ways. And
sustainable industrialization,
remains far cry.
Arnab Mondal
arnab@martinfotech.in
#greenmanufacturing

Scientists, in the United Nation’s
International Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), reported with “extreme
confidence,” or 95 per cent certainty,
that humans are the dominant cause of
global warming. The report projected a
global average temperature rise of 0.3
to 4.8 degrees Celsius by the end of the
century, and a seal level rise of 10 to 32
inches.
Pro Industry Approach
Advancement of the society is
undeniable with the technological
advancements due to industrialization.
In this regard, many argue that it is
important to take care of the millions
of people who are starving instead of
spending resources on saving the natural
resources. The developing nations of the
world cannot be expected to share the
green concerns of the developed nations
particularly while these countries have
to face dire poverty and are engaged in a
battle for survival.
The emphasis of the industrialized world
on green issues holds the developing
countries back. The reason is that it
is considered as interference in the
internal affairs of these countries and
at the same time it also increases the
divide that exists between the first
and third world countries. There are
many who believe that the emphasis
on environment is only an attempt
to prevent the possible economic
competitors. In this regard, an example
is given of the high tariffs imposed by
the US and the European Union on the
products that are made cheaply in the
developing countries and can be sold
in Europe or America. By restricting
the development of profitable but
polluting industries, these countries are
forcing developing countries to remain
economically undeveloped.
In this regard it can also be argued
that industrialization economic
development is necessary for fulfilling
the basic requirements of the
increasing population of the developing
countries. Another ironical situation
of industrialization is that although it
appears that the world will become a
better place if all the countries of the
world follow the strict environmental
rules however the reality is that a
number of these rules are not in the
interests of some of the countries of
the world. For example, the iron and
steel works in China, which is a major
source of pollution, also provides a
large scale employment to the people.
Therefore the equal application of such
strict environmental laws may result
in creating barriers in the economic
progress of some countries and may also
result in causing political instability.
Besides, it is not necessary in all cases
that rapid industrialization places more
pressure on the environment. Due
to the latest scientific developments,
the industries have become much
less polluting and energy efficient as
compared to the past. Similarly the
developing countries can also learn
lessons from the environmental mistakes
that have been made by the developed
countries of the world after Industrial
Revolution as well as the industrial
disasters that took place in Russia and
China.
For example, due to the recent scientific
developments, much less water, power
and raw material is being used by
the new steelworks and as a result,
much less pollution is being treated as
compared to the traditional industries.
Similarly, nuclear power plants can
provide much more energy as compared
to the thermal power plants and at the
same time, the nuclear plants contribute
much less in global warming. In the
same way, the alternative sources
of energy like solar power, wind and
hydropower are also being explored for
rapid industrialization. It is not correct
for the rich and developed countries to
require that the poorer nations of the
world should also make the conservation
of environment their priority.
Now, when these countries have
become richer, they have become more
concerned regarding the environment as
now they can afford to do somethi ng
regarding this issue. On the other hand,
the conservation of environment can
wait till the developing countries also
become rich.
Balancing Act
At the same time, there are many who
prefer the protection of the environment
as against industrialization. These people
believe that huge natural resources have
already been destroyed and wasted.
These people claim that environmental
damage is also related to poverty. The
advocates of environmental protection
are not against economic development
that has the potential to make the
life of a lot of people better. However
they insist on achieving sustainable
development that is able to combine
environmental protection with economic
growth and social justice.
For example, the companies in the
developed countries are already paying
the higher costs of production as a result
of the environment protection rules
enforced in these countries. It will be
unfair for these companies if they have
to complete with the codes that have
been produced in developing countries
at a lesser cost but by damaging the
environment.
Due to pollution, countries are losing
more than they are gaining as a result
of industrialization. A perfect example
in this regard can be given of China.
Serious air and water pollution has been
caused the country after two decades
of unrestricted economic development.
As a result, health problems have
increased and the farmers also have to
face losses worth billions of dollars every
year. In this way, unrestricted economic
development is not only harmful for
the environment, it is not economically
The developing
nations of the
world cannot
be expected to
share the green
concerns of
the developed
nations
particularly while
these countries
have to face
dire poverty and
are engaged
in a battle for
survival.

beneficial also.
Situation Upfront
The question how India is going to strike
a balance between industrialization and
environment – going by the eagerness
of the Narendra Modi government to
promote industrialization and ensure
high economic growth – is gaining
traction.
India, being one of the world’s largest
greenhouse gas emitter – though beset
by a high population growth rate – has
one of the lowest per capita rates
of greenhouse gas emissions, about
roughly 1/20th of the US and Australia.
Millions of people in small islands,
least-developed countries, landlocked
countries as well as vulnerable
communities in Brazil, India and China,
and all around the world – are suffering
from the effects of a problem to which
they did not contribute. The argument
for industrial development for countries
such as Brazil and India are thus
compelling.
The one-third of the world’s population
lives in the most heavily industrialized
and developed nations accounting for 85
percent of the global personal income
and a like fraction of the annual use of
global resources. The people living in
the less industrialized or developing
nations must apportion the remaining
15 per cent of global income and
resource use among two-thirds of
the world’s population. The result is
an unconscionable prosperity for the
majority of people in the developed
countries and crushing poverty for the
majority in the developing or third world
countries.
The prosperity of the developed
countries has been built on exploitation
of the richest soils, the most accessible
fossil fuels, and the most concentrated
mineral deposits of the entire earth. As
they now struggle to maintain and even
expand their massive consumption from
a resource base of declining quality,
the developing countries, as they try
to follow the same path to economic
development, they remain laced with
barriers as rapid industrialization based
on the expensive resources that remain,
is probably foredoomed by enormous
if not insurmountable economic and
environmental obstacles.
Therefore, however much developing
countries clamour for the natural right
to seek industrial development with
greater rapacity to catch up with the
industrialized west; odds are heavily
stacked against the environment. Thus,
if all the people in India and China seek
to own passenger cars at the rate of the
US or own as much air conditioners, that
would be an environmental disaster.
Is there no middle path between the
industrial growth and environmental
activism? The answer lies probably in
sustainable development of industry
and protection of environment in the
process. A whole range of environmental
protection legislation including the
Environment Protection Act, the Wildlife
Protection Act, the Forest Conservation
Act, and the Water and Air Pollution Act
has come under fire possibly in the plea
that they are major irritants in the path
of India’s industrial growth.
Take the instance how the ruling
NDA steered clear of the direction
in September 2013 by the UPA’s
environment ministry to the Central
Pollution Control Board to reassess the
Comprehensive Environmental Pollution
Index, an important criterion for
project clearance, while keeping intact
the moratorium on new industries in
critically-polluted areas.
The ministry has lifted the moratorium
in eight critically polluted areas –
Ghaziabad, Indore, Jharsuguda,
Ludhiana, Panipat, Patancheru-Bollaram,
Singrauli and Vapi. The report of the
high-powered committee to review six
top environmental laws of the country,
headed by former cabinet secretary TSR
Subramanian, prepared in just three
months, justified the hyper-ventilation
of the NDA ministry, on the grounds of
“doing business easier in the country”.
India cannot be denied its right to
industrial growth but that should not
happen at the cost of our environment
in view of the larger and the more
entrenched costs it might impose on the
economy.
United Nations’ Panel on Climate Change
projected a global average temperature rise
of 0.3 to 4.8 degrees Celsius by the end of the
century, and a seal level rise of 10 to 32 inches.

Amajor part of the
phenomenon of traditional
environmentalism is
formed by Traditional
Ecological Knowledge (TEK). According
to the Secretariat of the Convention on
Biological Diversity (CBD Secretariat)
Traditional Ecological Knowledge is
“Knowledge, innovations and practices
of indigenous and local communities
around the world.
Developed from experience gained over
the centuries and adapted to the local
culture and environment, traditional
knowledge is transmitted orally from
generation to generation. It tends to be
collectively owned and takes the form of
stories, songs, folklore, proverbs, cultural
values, beliefs, rituals, community
laws, local language, and agricultural
practices, including the development
of plant species and animal breeds.
Traditional knowledge is mainly of a
practical nature, particularly in such
fields as agriculture, fisheries, health,
horticulture, and forestry.”
Traditional Environmentalism is following
and making use of this traditional
ecological knowledge with the motive
of conservation and preservation of the
environment. In Indian culture, they are
translated into customs and traditions
in some form or another. While most of
these started with a scientific concept
and a logical reason behind them; in
current times they have taken the face
of practices which are considered merely
orthodox or boring. By taking a closer
look into the nuances of a few practices,
we can decipher the scientific thought
behind them. In Vedic culture nature
is considered to be an integral part of
Is
Traditional
Environmentalism
Fading?
Do you go away from your culture
when you gather more knowledge,
or you lose knowledge when you
go away from your culture? As
complex as it may seem, this
question lies at the roots of all
the advancements and all the
catastrophes that human being
has created for himself.
Environment degradation is one
such catastrophe that mankind is
continuously facing, and certain
environmentalists claim that it can
be tackled by following the age old
traditional practices given to us by
the Indian culture; i.e. by the path
of traditional environmentalism.
But is it so?
Nishanshi Shukla
martupdate@gmail.com
#greenmanufacturing

human life. According to Isvarakṛṣṇa’s
Sankhya-Karika, an old Hindu philosophy
of metaphysical dualism, the world
exists because of two elements, namely
Purusa (pluralistic person) and Prakriti
(singularistic nature); a balance in both
is what enables the creation and smooth
functioning of this entire world.
Probably, in order to imbibe this
philosophy and generate a culture
inclined towards the preservation of
cosmic balance between Purusa and
Prakriti, Purusa was said to be the
manifestation of Shiva and Prakriti was
said to be the manifestation of his wife
Shakti (Parvati). But today, while Shiva
and Parvati are worshipped, the hidden
meaning behind them is overlooked.
The same phenomenon is seen in
various other natural elements. While
the river Ganga is called Ganga mata
(mother Ganges) and worshipped by
words like Har Har Gange (Hail Ganga);
it is polluted, dirtied and ruined, but
scarcely preserved. While Peepal tree
(Ficus Religiosa) is worshipped by being
considered as the abode of Lord Vishnu,
the hidden message of importance
of oxygen given by trees and thus
established necessity of tree plantation
and preservation is comfortably ignored.
While Surya Deva (Sun God), Vayu
Deva (Air God), Varun Deva (Water
God), Bhoo Devi (Earth Goddess) etc.
are still devotedly prayed, they are not
devotedly preserved. Instead these
natural elements are exploited by
continuous and incremental pollution.
During the festival of Diwali, while the
original practice was that of lighting
diyas (earthen lamps), and the thought
behind it was to purify the air and
keep away the mosquitoes and insects
roaming in the atmosphere after
monsoons; the practice has now taken
a toll by excessive bursting of crackers,
contaminating air more than purifying it.
In the ten day long festival of celebrating
Lord Ganesha, the last day is that of
Ganesh Visarjan wherein after days of
worship, the idol is immersed in water.
Originally these idols were made of
clay dug out from ponds/lakes, in order
to make more place for rain water
conservation. These clay idols were
then worshipped with natural herbs,
which when immersed in river/sea water
would help the marine life, as their
bearer clay would dissolve easily. Also,
this festival symbolized the importance
of worshipping natural elements like soil,
and giving back to other natural beings.
But today, the idols are made from
harmful materials like plaster of paris,
which not only harm natural water,
but also cause damage to the marine
life. Similar story is with the practice of
havans (holy pyres), where the smoke
from the offerings made to the pyre
purify the air, and the mantras (hymns)
create positive vibes and optimistic
atmosphere; the practice is now majorly
looked upon as overtly religious, boring,
and outdated.
Aforementioned practices, along with
innumerable others under traditional
environmentalism were developed
owing to years of knowledge and
research by the Indian sages (scholars);
but its face is changing. Major reasons
of the traditional environmental
practices becoming boring or seemingly
uninteresting to humans can be
attributed to factors like changes in
lifestyles and food habitats owing to
modernization, occupational shifts from
farming and agriculture to modern
hi-tech jobs, hype around the western
cultures, non-communication of reasons
behind the faith in cultural practices
and resulting ignorance towards blind
faith, erosion of reading of ancient texts
and writing in vernacular languages,
migration of young generations away
from their roots, forest degradation, and
others. It can also be attributed to the
modern human psychology of avoiding
things which don’t guarantee immediate
profit or fun.
The need of today is to translate
the meanings behind the traditional
practices as promotional tool of the
custom, instead of the custom itself.
This cultural knowledge should also be
incorporated in the formal educational
system. The solution to the problem
of environmental degradation was
formulated around 2000 years ago in
ancient scriptural text, the Isopanishad,
which says, “This universe is the
creation of the Supreme Power meant
for the benefit of all his creation. Each
individual life-form must, therefore,
learn to enjoy its benefits by forming a
part of the system in close relation with
other species. Let not anyone species
encroach upon the other’s rights.”
Is it wise not to follow it?
When the
culture has the
knowledge,
the need is of
awakening
instead of
ignoring.
Today, the Ganesha idols are made from
harmful materials like plaster of paris, which
not only harm natural water, but also cause
damage to the marine life.

Alternative energy sources
- solar and wind and such
– are no longer an option,
they have become necessity
in the face of depleting conventional
natural resources and consequent
carbon footprint. It is with a view to
create this awareness among the people
‘ALTERNATIVE 2017’ was organized.
The one-day event organized on 2 June
in at New Horizon Engineering College
in Bengaluru by UV Green Energy, green
energy start-up, in the lead up to the
World Environment Day 2017.
The event proved to be a highly
successful in its first edition with
large participation of citizens,
environmentalists, NGOs, CSR teams
from corporate houses etc. among its
target group. “Through this initiative, we
wanted to create more awareness about
the environment among the citizens
of Bengaluru, and encourage them to
choose alternatives. Instead of using
natural resources, people need to bring
in change in their lifestyle, and should
opt for sustainable forms of energy like
wind, solar and such,” Vinay Shinde,
head of UV Green Energy and organizer
of the event said.Luminaries and experts
discussed environmental issues and
enlightened with innovative ideas in the
course of this day-long conference. The
event covered various aspects of the
environment including tackling garbage
disposal, water management, protecting
the green cover and more.
Among the participants were Rajendra
Singh, who is well-known as the
‘Waterman of India’, and Varadaraj
Rangarajan, who is called the ‘Plastic
Man of India’. Varadaraj, who is also the
brains behind roads made of plastic,
urged people to ‘use plastic for the roads
and not on the road.’
ThinkNature,
ThinkAlternative
Alternative 2017 was a highly
successful environmental event
with innovative ways and
illuminating ideas, creating
awareness among people
about their reasonability to
save the nature.
Along with other awareness
programmes, ‘Alternative 2017’
also witnessed a special musical
performance by Grammy
winner Ricky Kej and sand art
by Raghavendra Hegde. On
this occasion 400 saplings were
distributed among participants.
Arnab Mondal
arnab@martinfotech.in
#greenmanufacturing

What was the driving motto behind
‘Alternative 17’?
UV Green Energy is start-up green
initiative firm, primarily focusing on
CSR framework and competency
development to the corporate world in
the field of environmental solar projects
and solutions.
An initiative of ALTERNATIVE 17 is
the education program of campaign
and awareness to the corporate
world, NGOs, institutions by way of
environmental music consciousness,
green talks from contributors to
sustainability, nature art and few niche
product exhibitions.
We feel every social entrepreneur
should have larger objective of social
need of the development. This is the
1st initiative of 2 year old start-up firm
UV Green Energy, connecting people
to the nature by celebrating World
Environment Day with own funding and
taking the collaborative approach from
various partners.
What were the target groups of the
event? And how spontaneous was their
participation?
Targeted intended group was corporate
employees, CSR & sustainability team,
NGOs, institutions & community. The
event witnessed good participation from
corporate and institutions.
Did the event focus on the role of
industry which is the biggest consumer
of conventional energy and contributor
to carbon footprint?
The focus is more with bringing
awareness to every citizen of the
country to GO WITH ALTERNATIVES to
protect the planet and our mother earth
with the concept of greener together.
Our focus is more towards highlighting
alternative options to bring the change
in every part of our life cycle including
the organic food to water, waste plastic
and alternative energy.
Could you share with us some of
the innovative and alternative ideas
for protection of nature that were
discussed or unveiled at the event?
As for Green Talk Series the various
topics for the discussion were...
• ‘River Rejuvenation, Making Drought
free Karnataka’ by Dr. Rajendra Singh-
Water man of India,
• ‘Innovative Bio Gas Production’ by Mr.
Sanjay Kumar Patel, CEO, SP Ecofuel
• ‘Biotech Solution for Global warming’
by Mr. Sampath Kumar, CEO, Nualgi
• ‘Plastic Waste Management’ by Dr. R.
Vasudevan- Plastic Man of India
• ‘Widening the way of Organic
Farming’ by Mr. H. R. Jayaram, CEO, The
Greenpath
• ‘Corporate Responsibility for
sustainable development of villages’ by
Dr. Ashok Das, CEO, Sunmoksha
• ‘Urban Lakes Rejuvenation for water
security’ by Dr. T. V. Ramachandra, IISc
• ‘Citizen Role to Greener Bengaluru’ by
Mr.Clement Jayakumar, Whitefield Rising
• ‘Future of Electric Mobility’ by
Mr.Kartik Gopal, Head-strategy &
Business Planning, Mahindra Electric
• ‘Save water Save Bengaluru’ by Mr. A.
R. Shivkumar, Principal Scientific officer,
IISc
Do you plan to emulate the strategies
adopted for Bengaluru in other Indian
cities as well which are equally or even
more in the perils of environmental
degradation?
After the successful event, we received
feedbacks from industrialist & corporate
as part of their sustainability program
that ALTERNATIVE concept should
reach to every major Indian city to
connect the people to nature by ways of
ALTERNATIVE.
This awareness was largely needed to
the corporate world CSR teams, so that
corporate social responsibility team
should brainstorm and come forward
for protecting the nature and alternative
source to reach social need way of CSR
funding.
Inaugral ALTERNATIVE 17 – Lighting the lamp by WATER
MAN OF India ( Jal Purush) –Mr Rajendra Singh & Namma
Bengaluro Foundation CEO –Mr Sridhar Pebbishetty &
Vinay Shindhe ( CEO –UV Green Energy)
Grammy Winner Ricky Kej & Team Performed
ALTERNATIVE 17 on the occasion WED. Vinay Shindhe
( CEO UV Green Energy ) & Mahesh Babu ( Mahendra
Electric CEO
“We feel every social entrepreneur should have larger
objective of social need of the development.”
-Vinay Shindhe
CEO-UV Green Energy
Alternative 17 is the stratagem of Mr. Vinay Shindhe,
CEO-UV Green Energy. Excerpts from the conversation:

G
reen Manufacturing (GM) is
also known by different names
viz. clean manufacturing,
environmentally conscious
manufacturing, environmentally benign
manufacturing, environmentally
responsible manufacturing, and
sustainable manufacturing. GM is about
the techniques, policies, and procedures
a firm uses to create manufactured
products, that use process that minimize
negative environmental impacts,
conserve energy and natural resources,
are safe to employees, communities
and consumers and are economically
sound. GM focuses around minimising
environmental impact by reducing
toxics, waste, pollution, optimising
use of raw material, and energy. The
society’s rising concern for Green can
be grouped into three broad categories
– (a) Rising emissions and associated
Green
Manufacturing
AWaytowards
Sustainability
Green Manufacturing includes
a holistic approach towards
adopting green initiatives
throughout the business
from green energy use, green
product development and
green process chain. It offers
benefits in terms of enhanced
brand value, customer loyalty,
better tax traction etc. while
also fulfilling the environmental
commitment for a company.
In India, companies are still
primarily driven by ‘RoI’ and
‘regulations’ while adopting
green initiatives.
Venkitachalam V
abijitindia@yahoo.co.in
climate change, (b) Fast depletion of
scarce natural resources and (c) Growing
waste generation and pollution. Being
a green manufacturer means being
efficient with the ways you manufacture,
saving energies, recycling, and being
environmentally aware of your footprint.
When a business makes the decision
to become a green, or environmentally
friendly, manufacturer, it consciously
decides to promote certain values.
Ever since Industrialization,
manufacturing of various goods
exploited our natural resources,
depleted them without thinking of
future implications and polluted
environment in various forms. GM
is a manufacturing mode with full
consideration of resource consumption
and environmental impact which focuses
at minimizing the environmental impact
#greenmanufacturing

and maximizing resource utilization
during the whole product life cycle
design, manufacturing, packaging,
use and subsequent disposal or
recycling along with making enterprises
harmonize the economic benefits
with that of environmental benefits.
Apart from efficient use of inputs and
reducing wastes, GM also creates higher
environmental awareness among the
customers and at the same time shows
the company as a propagator of green
initiatives improving its brand image
among the customers.
Many of us think that green production
simply entails instituting pollution
controls or recycling programs while
manufacturing goods. The reality,
however, is that Green production
focuses upon three fundamental goals:
1) minimize emissions, effluents, and
accidents; 2) minimize the use of virgin
materials and non-renewable forms of
energy; and 3) minimize the life-cycle
cost (cradle to grave) of products or
services seek to minimize the impact
of the manufacturing process on the
environment at every stage.
Growing concerns over depletion of
forests and other natural resources,
and environmental degradation
created by mining and fossil fuel
production. Reliance on recyclable
or renewable materials, new energy
and material conservation initiatives,
and “replenishment” programs (such
as forest replanting programs) have
all been touted as effective tools in
establishing processes that do not
unduly harm the environment focuses
on profitability through environmentally
friendly operating processes
Manufacturing companies can address
these concerns by focussing on three
areas:
1. Green energy- Green energy involves
production and use of cleaner energy.
This is the first and most obvious step
given the dependence of industry on
energy. Green energy includes both
deploying renewable energy sources
like CNG, wind, solar and biomass, and
achieving higher energy efficiency in
operations.
2. Green products- Developing greener
products is the second step in this
transformation. ‘Recycled’, ‘Low carbon
footprint’, ‘Organic’ and ‘Natural’ are
becoming popular buzz–words which
are associated with Green products.
Developing Green products can often
mean higher costs. However, by
developing Green products that are
sought by consumers, and effectively
marketing them, companies can
derive additional volumes and price
premiums, which can offset their cost of
development.
3. Green processes in business
operations- The third area is
implementing Green processes in
operations. This entails efficient use
of key resources, reducing waste
generation through lean operations,
bringing down the carbon foot–print
and conserving water. Employing
Green processes improves operational
efficiency and lowers costs.
A number of companies have started
adopting Green initiatives as an integral
part of their operations. These initiatives
are driven by five factors (i) Rising
energy and input costs. (ii) Growing
consumer pull for Green products. (iii)
Increasing regulatory pressures as policy
makers introduce new and stricter
environmental and waste management
laws. (iv) Technological advances
which open up new attractive business
opportunities. (v) The need to enhance
competitive differentiation, particularly
for first movers or those who are able
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for Harsh Industrial Environments
GM is about
the techniques,
policies, and
procedures a firm
uses to create
manufactured
products.

to break the compromise between
short–term higher costs and numerous
benefits (eg: brand premium, new
customer segments).
Green manufacturing involves
transformation of industrial operations
in three ways: (1) using Green energy, (2)
developing and selling Green products
and (3) employing Green processes
in business operations. Even in tough
market conditions, the business case
for Green remains compelling. There is
greater recognition of the imperatives
of becoming Green and understanding
that Green has to address all three areas
– Green energy, Green products and
Green processes. However, companies
face challenges on various fronts, most
critically in providing leadership for
such an effort. Balancing People, Planet,
and Profit is the Challenge of Green
Manufacturing.
Manufacturing companies that adopt
Green practices benefit not only through
long–term cost savings, but equally
importantly, from brand enhancement
with customers, better regulatory
traction, greater ability to attract talent
and higher investor interest. However,
these benefits require a long term
commitment and making tradeoffs
against short term objectives, as the
economics of Green manufacturing is
still evolving and not well understood as
yet. Some of the benefits of embracing
sustainability and Green Manufacturing
are – (i) Reduce energy-related costs
– for eg. use of Solar and wind energy,
switching to energy-efficient lighting
(ii) Attract new customers and increase
sales- Consumers are more conscious
of the environment, and making
improvements will strengthen your
reputation (iii) Tax Incentives from
Government (iv) Boost workforce morale
and innovations (v) Societal impact by
implementing changes, you will have
a smaller carbon footprint and reduce
the number of toxins released into
the atmosphere. Future generations
ultimately benefit from improved air and
water quality, fewer landfills and more
renewable energy sources.
4Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle,
remanufacture) is slowly being accepted
and adopted as the model of growth
and sustainability the world over.
Green manufacturing in India is at the
take–off stage. While there has been
significant policy development and
adoption by the manufacturing industry
in the area of Green energy, there is
substantial scope on both the policy
front and its adoption in the areas of
Green products and Green processes.
Successful transformation into Green
manufacturing will bring tremendous
benefits, both tangible and intangible,
for the nation and the business
community.
The manufacturing sector has been
one of the largest single contributors
to environmental pollution. Over the
last decade, there has been an increase
in the adoption of green technologies;
however, it is still largely driven by
‘return on investment’ and ‘regulatory
requirements’ as the key evaluation
criteria. India Green Manufacturing
Challenge (IGMC) is an awarding
platform that is designed to recognize
manufacturing firms that have shown
consistent progress in improving
sustainability factors associated to
a manufacturing facility. List of few
Indian companies who adopted green
manufacturing practices and is deploying
sustainability- VE Commercial Vehicle
(VECV). Pithampur, Larsen & Toubro
Rubber Processing Machinery in
Kanchipuram, USV, a pharmaceutical
company at Baddi, Himachal Pradesh,
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd.
(BPCL) Mumbai refinery and JK Tyre
Industries Ltd. Chennai tyre plant.
Companies that wait in adopting Green
manufacturing until they are forced
to change often find themselves in an
expensive, last-minute scramble to meet
the requirements. As a result, they end
up throwing more money at the problem
for a less effective solution than their
more proactive counterparts. Green
manufacturing is not an option, but a
necessity for our well-being and survival.
“When a business makes the decision
to become a green, or environmentally
friendly, manufacturer, it consciously
decides to promote certain values.”
“Many of us think that green production
simply entails instituting pollution
controls or recycling programs while
manufacturing goods.”
Manufacturing
companies that
adopt Green
practices benefit
not only through
long–term
cost savings,
but equally
importantly.
Companies that wait in adopting Green
manufacturing until they are forced to change
often find themselves in an expensive, last-
minute scramble to meet the requirements.

I
n our science textbook of 9th grade
(CBSE Syllabus) we had a chapter on
Environment Pollution. It was the
last chapter of the book. Our teacher
told us to do self-study without investing
too much time on it as only one question
of two marks was expected to come in
the exam from that chapter. Now, it’s
been close to three decades since then
and, guess what? Environment pollution
is still the least important chapter in our
lives. It is given least weightage.
With the dawn of the industrial
revolution, a global economy has
emerged, and our population has
grown exponentially. With coming of
the Industrial Revolution, humans could
advance further into the 21st century.
Technology developed rapidly, advanced
science crept in giving wide way to
manufacturing. The changing phase
brought yet another effect in the form
of Industrial Pollution. Factory pollution
Sanjeev Himachali
sanjeev.himachali@gmail.com
Environment
Training
andGreen
Programmes
forEmployeesinManufacturing
People were blinded by the
glitter of development with
Industrial Revolution, so
much so, that impacts of
unbridled industrial growth
on environment remained
unnoticed, until environment
reached a precarious stage.
For people in an industrial
organisation, creating
awareness about
environmental laws and
regulations, and following
some basic rules, guided by HR
professionals, can be a good
ploy to the ultimate goal of
environmental protection.
is often assumed to be smokestack
emissions, but it pollutes water and
land as well. Once pollutants enter
the atmosphere or the water system,
they can spread far and wide beyond
the factory. Factories contribute to
water and land pollution by acidifying
rain, chemical spills and disposal of
toxic waste. It is estimated that about
50% of pollution is due to industrial
and manufacturing activities. Hence,
understanding our external physical,
biological and chemical environment,
and how it affects individuals and man-
made systems, has become an essential
part of maintaining a healthy human
population.
While as an individual, I can contribute
in different ways to protect or save
the environment, either individually or
through groups or NGO’s; as a Human
Resource Professional, working for a
profit-making organization, my role
#greenmanufacturing

gift them a plant. We plant a tree on
their behalf with a nameplate of their
name, either in our factory or in nearest
forests through NGO’s we are associated
with.
8. Environment Pollution Awareness
Training Program – Every quarter we
conduct awareness training programs
and workshops for villagers living in the
vicinity of our factory as well as schools
within 10 KMS of the radius of our
factory. In total, 3,000 to 5,000 people
participate in our programs.
Till now, there are about 17 industries
which are declared to be most polluting.
These include the caustic soda, cement,
dis¬tillery, dyes and dye intermediaries,
fertilizers, iron and steel, oil refineries,
paper and pulp, pesticides and
pharmaceuticals, sugar, textiles, thermal
power plants, tanneries and so on.
Pollution caused by these industries has
a direct impact on human life.
As an HR Leader, I ensure that every
member of my team and every manager
of the organization are well versed
with Environment Protect Act, 1986
and standards of ISO 14001(EMS
- Environment Management System)
and ISO 18001 (OSHA- Occupational
Health and Safety Assessment Series).
The basic principles of ISO 14001 and
ISO 18001 based on PDCA – Plan, Do,
Check and Act. Standards of EMS exists
to help organizations (a) minimize
how their operations (processes, etc.)
negatively affect the environment (i.e.,
cause adverse changes to air, water, or
land); (b) comply with applicable laws,
regulations, and other environmentally
oriented requirements; and (c)
continually improve in the above.
As far as environment pollution is
concerned, we are in a very dangerous
situation and it’s a time to take tough
decisions and actions. One person might
not be able to do everything to save and
protect our environment but together
we all can do something to give a better
environment to our future generation.
Let’s not pass on our accountability to
Government and Business Houses.
Sanjeev Himachali is a Talent
Management and Development
professional with over a decade and
a half years of experience in various
facets of Human Resource Management
across various industries, cultures, and
geographies. He helps start-ups, small-
sized and mid-sized organisations in
identifying and developing potential and
competencies of their employees.
gets restricted to creating awareness,
conducting training programs and
complying with the relevant law.
Let me share with you some of the
initiatives I took and what environment-
friendly organizations in manufacturing
industry do, to protect the environment
1. Paperless Offices – We maintain
employee files digitally. Every
communication with an employee,
leave approval, issuance of promotion,
transfer letter, etc. is done electronically.
Communication with Government
bodies, wherever possible, such as PF
Office, is done electronically.
2. Open space Cubicles v/s Closed
Cabins – Recently, I visited a factory
and I was a bit surprised to see over 25
cabins of the size of 150x150 sq. ft., each
equipped with air-conditioners. Instead,
I often recommend having cubicles
and use fans or air coolers (a set-up we
follow in my organization).
3. Carpooling or Company Transport
– In our office, employees are advised
not to bring their vehicles to the
factory; instead, they use office
vehicle. Wherever it is not possible for
the company transport to reach, we
recommend carpooling.
4. Stick to the schedule (No Overtime)
– Working for longer hours also means
a use of more electricity and other
resources. Hence, we strictly follow
office working hours. Staying late is
highly discouraged.
5. Rain Harvesting and Sewage
Water Recycling/Treatment – We use
rainwater harvesting instead of bore
well. We also have a sewage water
treatment plant. The water is then used
for irrigating the garden, and plants
maintained in the office premises.
6. Solar Energy – We use solar energy
for lighting streets, pathways, and
garden in our factory. Not only does this
help in resource optimization but also in
cost saving.
7. Gift a Plant- Whenever premium
guests, foreign delegates, a key client,
customer or vendor visit our office, we
Environmental
protection
is a concern
as well as
responsibility for
all and sundry,
independent
of actions by
government or
organisations.
We plant a tree on their behalf with a nameplate of their
name, either in our factory or in nearest forests through
NGO’s we are associated with.

For the rapidly growing human
population, the availability of
so called abundant natural
resources is shrinking; and
the case of water is no different!
Pune Techtrol Pvt. Ltd., the leading
manufacturer of level measurement
and control instruments, has always
recognized the importance of preserving
the environment and has believed in
contributing to this noble cause.
Human beings can use and consume
only fresh water. While three-fourth of
the Earth’s surface is covered in water,
only three percent of it is fresh; and
seventy percent of this three percent
is locked up in the ice caps of Antarctic
and Arctic regions. What remains, is to
be used by the entire human population
of seven billion for their ever increasing
needs, and habitual wastage. Also,
around ninety percent of fresh water
that is consumed, goes down the drains
as waste water. Industries, which are
increasing continuously in numbers,
create lots of harmful pollutants that
get mixed with water. The rate at which
human beings are bidding farewell to
water in the form of waste is indeed
alarming.
Thus, arises the dire need of waste water
management. Waste water treatment is
the process of removing contaminants
from waste water and making it reusable
for all purposes. Processing of waste
water is important with regards to the
need of environment preservation in the
current times. Waste water, if allowed
to flow untreated, can play havoc not
only with humans, but also with crops,
forests and wild life as well. Hence, the
treatment of waste water or effluent is
SaveWater,
SaveLives,
SaveFuture!
SaveWater,
SaveLives,
SaveFuture!
The level measurement
and control instruments
manufactured and supplied
by Pune Techtrol Pvt. Ltd. are
widely used in the processes of
waste water treatment.
‘Techtrol’ is recognized as
most reliable & trusted brand,
delivering quality products
unsurpassed in terms of
accuracy, workmanship,
performance, safety & ease
of installation, providing long
uninterrupted service in wide &
varied industrial applications.
C N Shukla
Training & Development Consultant,
Pune Techtrol Pvt. Ltd
#greenmanufacturing

23 June 2017
increasingly becoming vital for survival
of human race and the environment.
All waste water treatment processes
require level monitoring and control.
Level instruments are installed in
almost all parts of water treatment and
effluent treatment plants. The level
measurement and control instruments
manufactured and supplied by Pune
Techtrol Pvt. Ltd. are widely used in the
processes of waste water treatment.
A very useful feature of “Techtrol”
instruments is that there is wide choice
of Material Of Construction (MOC)
for all the instruments to suit specific
requirements of the medium or liquid
whose level is to be measured, detected
or monitored.
These level instruments are mainly
classified into level gauges, level
switches and level transmitters. These
“Techtrol” level instruments are
specifically designed for this particular
application, and hence increase the
efficiency and reliability of the process.
The application of each of these
level instruments for waste water
management is explored further:
Using Level Gauges for Waste Water
Management:
Pune Techtrol’s wide range of level
gauges useful for in the application of
waste water management are as follows:
• Tubular Level Gauge (TTG) and Reflex
Flat Glass Gauge (RFG) are glass gauges
used to indicate liquid levels of chemical
tanks & other storage /process tanks.
• Magnetic Level Gauge (MLG) is used
to indicate levels of storage tanks of
acid & alkali. It can also be improvised
with alarm switches and transmitter for
remote indication and control.
• Float and Dial Gauge (FDG) is useful for
indication of liquid level in under-ground
tanks. It is particularly suitable for
applications involving limited head-space
above the tank. It can also be improvised
with alarm switches and transmitter for
remote indication and control.
• Float & Board Gauge (FBG) is the
simplest but very reliable instrument
used for indication of liquid level in large
storage tanks of effluent / treated water.
It can also be improvised with alarm
switches.
Using Level Switches for Waste Water
Management:
Pune Techtrol’s wide range of level
switches useful for in the application of
waste water management are as follows:
• Float Guided Switch (FGS) is single
or multipoint level switch used for
in clarifier and aeration tank. These
switching contacts can be used for alarm
indication or pump control.
• Displacer Switch (DS) is more suited for
application in clear effluent and potable
water. Switching points rated for 5A,
250VAC and can be adjusted at site as
required.
• Cable Suspended Switch (FTS) is a
simplest type switch and easy to install.
These switching contacts are rated for
5A, 250VAC and can be used for alarm
indication or pump control and are
ideally suitable for application in settling
tanks.
• Conductivity Type Switch (CNS) is used
only for conductive liquids. It can be
used for treated & potable water. More
suitable in applications where the depth
of tank is large.
• Float Pivoted Switch (FPS) is side
mounted, single point switch rated for
5A, 250VAC. It is suitable for over ground
tanks.
• Miniature Float Switch (MFPS/MFGS)
is used for level detection in small /
medium tanks.
Using Level Transmitter for Waste
Water Management:
Pune Techtrol’s level transmitter useful
for in the application of waste water
management is as follows:
• The Techtrol Ultrasonic Transmitter
(TUS) is a non-contact type level
transmitter, generally used for
measurement of flow in open channel or
level monitoring in tanks. It is compact,
non-contact, and easy to install, integral
type transmitter for continuous level
measurement of non-corrosive liquids
and slurries. It is programmable through
Keys. Owing to its aforementioned
characteristics, it proves highly useful
in waste water management plants. It
is used for various processes in storage
tanks, filter beds, flotation cells, water
/ waste water/effluent treatment (WTP,
ETP), etc.
Since its inception, Pune Techtrol Pvt.
Ltd. has time and again innovated
and added on to the list of level
measurement and control instruments
which can be used for applications like
waste water management. It takes pride
in being not only a company of products,
but a company of value too!
For further information please mail us at
ho@punetechtrol.com or
visit www.punetechtrol.com
Level Gauges Level Switches Level Transmitters

RAKESH
KUMAR
Director, CSIR-National Environmental
Engineering Research Institute
#onface

Proactive Industry
SustainableIndustrial
Environment has not been given due importance in industries’ priority list
and “understaffed” pollution control boards have been too meek at times.
No wonder environmental impact of industries has grown unbridled. It is
time industries do proactive thinking about the sustainability factor and
take measures in compliance with environmental norms and regulations
to reduce delays in projects and help environment protection. Pollution
control boards jointly with research and academic institutions can provide
right directions guidance to industries. Dr. Rakesh Kumar, Director, CSIR-
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), shares
his views on this enigmatic industry-environment relationship while also
giving glimpses NEERI’s effort in this.
Growth
Scrapping and delay of
industrial projects due to
environmental norms and
clearances is common in
India. Though industrial
growth is essential for
economy, environmental
protection is inevitable
and priority. Where are
the industries in India
lagging behind global
counterparts in achieving
‘sustainability’?
The delays in environmental
clearances have been very
often touted as the main
reason of slow industrial
development. Some of these
can be attributed to lack of
preventive environmental
planning by the industries.
Till date mostly, if not
all, the industries have
addressed environment
and sustainability issues
as an external to their
normal operation. These are
addressed after all the other
aspects of industries’ setting
up are planned. Proactive
thinking about what is
needed for the India specific
rules and other norms
would prevent delays.
Talking about the pollution
control boards in India, do
you think the bodies should
play more active role in
monitoring and guiding
about the environmental
aspects of industry rather
than the current inspection
and certification method?
SPCBs (State Pollution
Control Boards) have a big
role to play in guiding the
The delays in
environmental
clearances
have been very
often touted
as the main
reason of
slow industrial
development.

industries in terms of what
kind of proactive measures
industries can take and
advise them in advance.
Also since SPCBs are
understaffed in most states,
the preventive planning
and planning can be done
through research and
academic institutions which
will be long lasting and
sustainability principles can
be ingrained.
NEERI has been closely
monitoring and guiding
projects for several
Indian rivers which are
severely affected, among
many other reasons, by
industrial effluents and
discharges. Do you consider
this situation a lack of
awareness, lack of options
or lack of intention on the
part of industries?
Indian rivers are affected
due to multiple reasons
of which major factors
are untreated sewage
ingress, industrial pockets
discharging effluents
and poor summer flows.
Industrial discharges by
major industries are mainly
due to commitment to
safeguard environment
and river, whereas small
scale industries need more
awareness and finances to
deal with their discharges.
Common collection and
treatment could be a
possibility, however, proper
design system and basic well
maintained primary system
by industries will be major
pre-requisite criteria for
success.
Is there any integrated
solution available for
the industries to assess
environmental impacts of
their industrial processes,
rectify it and also use
generated data for their
Environment Management
System in future?
Integrated solution for
industries is available.
Sustainability analysis can
provide the inputs to their
environment footprint of
process and products. This
kind of analysis can be used
to improve their operation
and also anticipate any
future requirement. Regular
credible monitoring and
analysis can be the first
step towards analyzing
areas of improvement and
management system.
You have made notable
contributions in developing
technologies for reuse and
recycle of domestic and
industrial waste water.
Please throw some light on
such technologies.
NEERI has been working
in the field of waste water
reuse and recycle for a
long time. It has specific
treatment packages for all
sectors of industries.
It is a
challenging
time for
country in
terms of push
for more
manufacturing
and creation
of jobs while
keeping our
environmental
infrastructure
safe for future
generation.
Dr. Rakesh Kumar is the Director of
the CSIR-National Environmental
Engineering Research Institute
(CSIR-NEERI). Prior to this role,
Dr. Kumar was Chief Scientist and
Head of Mumbai Zonal Laboratory,
CSIR-NEERI. He obtained M. Tech.
in Environmental Science and
Engineering from IIT-Bombay and
Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering
from RTM Nagpur University.
A visionary for sustainable
development, Dr. Kumar has made
a notable contribution in developing
technologies for recycle and reuse of
domestic and industrial wastewater
which brought a paradigm shift in the
country.
He has received 9 awards for
his outstanding contributions in
Environmental Science & Engineering,
among which the notable ones
are Commonwealth Commission
Award, UK in 1994; “Environmental
Leadership Award” by US Asia
Environmental Partnership and US-
AID for the year 2005 for outstanding
contribution in improving quality of
life for the population of Asia. He
has been given an award for largest
number of technology transfer for
low cost waste water treatment-
PHYTORID in the year 2012. He has
been given VASVIK award for 2012
for his exemplary work for urban
environment improvement and
sustainable technology “Phytorid”
for sewage treatment for better
environment. He has been recently
awarded “Hiyoshi Think of Ecology
Award” in September 2015 for his
work on use of ecology in solving
environmental engineering problems.

CETP processes for various
types of clusters have been
developed and designed
by CSIR-NEERI for many
locations.
For sewage treatment,
Phytorid Technology has
been developed which
not only treats sewage
better than most of the
conventional technologies
but also does with a minimal
O&M cost as it does not
need power and moving
machineries. It has been
installed at many places
across country and has been
accepted well. Similarly, for
rural sanitation and urban
poor, various designs have
been developed and being
deployed.
Is NEERI working on any
environmental technologies
currently, especially for
addressing industrial
pollutions?
It is working on pharma,
chemical clusters for
advance oxidation processes
for treatment of effluents.
The other sectors are
fertilizers and leather sectors
where better technologies
are being developed.
NEERI has taken up the
first-of-its kind noise levels
mapping project in the
country. Please tell us
about the project.
We have been carrying
out noise monitoring at
various places such as
cities, highways, industrial
sources. Recently we have
undertaken a major work
of noise monitoring for 27
cities in Maharashtra. This
is not limited to monitoring
but our scientists, engineers
will delineate silence zones.
In addition, identification of
areas where noise barriers
are required options of
types of noise protection.
With all the manufacturing
and industrial growth
taking place in the
country, how do you see
environmental impact in
future? As the Director of
CSIR-NEERI what are your
suggestions for Indian
manufacturing industry to
achieve sustainability?
It is a challenging time for
country in terms of push
for more manufacturing
and creation of jobs while
keeping our environmental
infrastructure safe for
future generation. Indian
manufacturing industries
can start the process of
sustainability thinking well
in advance and not wait
for pollution control board
directions or any other
governmental pressures.
With a view to address this
issue, CSIR-NEERI has set
up an Industries Desk which
will be on single point of
contact for any industries
to seek information
and guidance. Vidarbha
Industrial Association has
signed an MoU with CSIR-
NEERI to seek this advantage
on 5th June, 2017, World
Environment Day. We would
encourage that industries
and cities both come and
be part of the team in this
country which will solve
the present problems and
anticipate future issues.
CSIR-National Environmental
Engineering Research
Institute (CSIR-NEERI), as a
Stockholm Convention
Regional Centre (SCRC)
on Persistent Organic
Pollutants (POPs) for
Asia Region, organized a
workshop on ‘Stockholm
and Rotterdam Conventions
and Associated Challenges”
at CSIR-NEERI on June 6,
2017 in association with
Ministry of Environment,
Forest & Climate Change.
In his opening remarks,
Director, CSIR-NEERI Dr.
Rakesh Kumar mentioned
the objectives and role of
Stockholm and Rotterdam
Conventions.
CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur is
devoted to research
and innovations in
environmental science and
engineering besides solving
a range of problems posed
by industry, government and
public. It is a constituent
of Council of Scientific &
Industrial Research (CSIR),
New Delhi and has a nation-
wide presence with its
five zonal laboratories at
Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad,
Kolkata and Mumbai.
NEERI has
been working
in the field of
waste water
reuse and
recycle for a
long time. It
has specific
treatment
packages for
all sectors of
industries.
Dr. Kanchan Kumari, Convener of
the workshop highlighted the role
of CSIR-NEERI as SCRC and its
involvement in capacity building
and monitoring of POPs.

Corporate houses sometimes tread beyond the trodden ways to participate in
CSR in innovative ways. In the following article instances have been given where
a multinational automotive company supports training programme for growth
of a primary sector of economy, while a famous chain of hotels runs activities
to touch lives of underprivileged children and ensure environmental protection
through innovative methods.
Manoj Kabre
manoj.k@indo-mim.com
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) promotes a vision of
business accountability to a wide range of stakeholders,
besides shareholders and investors. Key areas of concern in
this article, are environmental protection and the wellbeing of
employees, the community and civil society in general, both
now and in the future.
Yale and Columbia University in its recently published 2016
Environmental Performance Index (EPI) has ranked India at
144th place among 180 countries with over all score of 53.58.
One bright side of 2016 ranking of India is 20% improvement
in various parameters in last 10 years specially in sanitation
and waste water treatment but the deteriorated air quality
due to emission from power plants, industries, fossil fuel
burning etc. which has placed India at almost bottom (178th
place) is quite deploring and call for urgent and concentrated
efforts to improve it. The Corporates need to expand their
ongoing endeavors in these directions.
Following are some of the Environmental benefits that are
aimed at being accomplished through various initiatives :
• Greater material recyclability;
• Better product durability and functionality;
• Greater use of renewable resources;
• Integration of environmental management tools into
business plans, including life-cycle assessment and costing,
environmental management standards, and eco-labeling.
We have CSR activities from the following organisations in this
issue:
1. Bajaj Auto
2. Shangri-La’s - Eros Hotel, New Delhi
3. Shangri-La Hotel, Bengaluru
4. Piaggio Vehicles Private Limited
Manoj Kabre, Vice President of Indo-MIM Pvt Ltd, has directed
and headed the sales & marketing function for Asia and
parts of Europe, spoke at various forums across the world for
propagating the MIM technology. His laudable work includes,
Chairing – CSR Committee of RBWC, Founding of CaN Trust
(NGO), working for needy children. He is also on advisory
committee of ‘Your Philanthropy Story’ (YPS) which captures
stories through interviews of heroes and the cause they are
associated with.
Innovative
WaysofCSR
#CSR

Jankidevi Bajaj Gram Vikas Sanstha (JBGVS) - a NGO
promoted by Bajaj Group has provided training and demos
on animal husbandry to the beneficiaries of hybrid, Gir and
Gaolao cows distributed and also to other dairy farmers
in Pune, Aurangabad and Wardha districts as a part of its
‘Kamdhenu Gopalan Project.’
The programme focuses on using locally available and
homemade inputs like sorghum, pearl millet, wheat and
sugarcane, Jaggery , salt and agricultural residue for
preparing fodder which is safer and cost effective than
chemical-laced inputs available in the market.
It has been conducting training on the hydroponic
technique, use of azolla (type of aquatic plants) and growing
of grass on available land in areas where green fodder is not
available. JBGVS has also developed a model fodder matrix
based on weight and yield capacity of hybrid, Gir and Gaolao
cows. Till now, JBGVS has only reached out to 7,400 farmers
through 336 programmes.
The impact of the project on productivity is positive and
visible, according to JBGVS livestock supervisors.
For instance, a beneficiary dairy farmer of Pune district with
two hybrid cows two years ago, each yielding 12-15 litres
milk daily was provided with another cow and trainings
under the project and today his total tally of 23 milch cows
yield 400 liters, averaging 17 liter per cow. There are other
examples where the average daily milk yield of both hybrid
and Gir cows over the past couple of years increased by 5-6
litres.
Also, instances of Gaolao cows in Wardha dying in the
extreme summers of Vidarbh region due to lack of proper
nutrition has reduced substantially in project villages, after
JBGVS beneficiaries started following the recommended
fodder matrix.
Training to
Dairy Farmers
by Jankidevi Bajaj Gram Vikas Sanstha
Jankidevi Bajaj Gram Vikas Sanstha
(JBGVS) - a NGO promoted by Bajaj
Group.
Wall painting done by SLND colleagues
at NDS.
Hybrid cows provided by JBGVS to dairy
farmers.
Tree plantation activity.
Shangri-La’s - Eros Hotel, New Delhi, has been working with
Noida Deaf Society (NDS) by hiring 10 students from every
batch trained in the hospitality divisions, such as concierge,
laundry, housekeeping and security, before the students
commence their internship at the hotel. NDS is committed
to reintegrating the hearing impaired into mainstream
society through life skills and children’s education. NDS
provides vocational training to the students to enhance
their employability quotient and enable them to become
contributing partners to society.
The hotel’s ongoing CSR initiatives include regular
contributions, such as Earth Day, which is celebrated 4
times a year, and its continuous participation in the Cancer
Support Walk. For the past nine years, our employees have
generously donated books and clothes to Goonj.
Shangri-La’s - Eros Hotel, New Delhi, strives to preserve
and conserve the environment, and has taken measures
towards being a green and eco-friendly hotel. The guests
have a option to let the staff know if they would want
their bed linen not to be changed every day and be a part
of the initiative to conserve natural resources. The hotel
also encourages using biodegradable plastic bags, use of
biodegradable material for packaging bathroom amenities,
conservation of electricity. In such an initiative, solar panels
to heat water, and a treatment plant have been installed,
the latter for recycling wastewater from the kitchen and
laundry for gardening and flushing.
The lights in the public washrooms automatically turn off
upon exiting. The hotel also uses an organic waste converter
to convert kitchen waste into manure, which is then used
in the gardens. Similarly, eco-friendly fuels are used to
generate electricity and water, and CFL and Led lights are
used to save electricity.
Employment
Programme for
NDS Students
by Shangri-La’s - Eros Hotel, New Delhi
Company: Bajaj Group NGO: Jankidevi Bajaj Gram Vikas Sanstha (JBGVS)
Contact: Atul Sathe, Communication Officer Email: jbgvs@bajajauto.co.in
Company: Shangri-La’s Eros Hotel, New Delhi
Contact : Director of Communications-Marketing & Communications
Email: Anjori.Kumar@shangri-la.com

Shangri-La Hotel, Bengaluru has been working with Cheshire
Homes, India & Angels Orphanage from the time the
project was announced and the core-operations team came
on-board. At present, two women from Cheshire homes
have been hired by the hotel and are working in laundry &
housekeeping department.
Shangri-La Hotel, Bengaluru also sponsored one year
education for two children from Cheshire Homes; Jennifer
& Jeevitha. Polio afflicted Jennifer walks with the help of
a walker. She aspires to be a doctor. Jeevitha is 14 years
old and has pre-lingual deafness. She is now in class five
studying in Sheila Kovitha Institute for the deaf. She is
brilliant academically and very zealous in all aspects of life.
The funds for the children’s education were raised through
a charity bazaar where the colleagues were encouraged to
bring unused artefacts, clothing, books et al for a sale at the
hotel ballroom.
During Christmas & New Year, Shangri-La Hotel, Bengaluru
also brought tonnes of joy, cheer and hope to the 32
children at Cheshire Homes, Bangalore. Guests were
encouraged to sponsor wishes expressed (viz. tiffin boxes,
school bags, umbrellas and more) by the orphaned children
which were then procured by the hotel and handed to the
children.
Much in line with its Delhi counterpart, Shangri-La Hotel,
Bengaluru too takes initiatives to reduce its carbon
footprint and to conserve water, guests are given options
to skip washing of bed linen to save water. In an initiative
to conserve electricity, the hotel uses solar panels to heat
water, and a treatment plant has been installed that allows
it to recycle wastewater from the kitchen and laundry
for gardening and flushing. An organic waste converter
has also been installed to convert kitchen waste into
manure. Similarly, eco-friendly fuels are used to generate
electricity and water, and CFL and Led lights are used to save
electricity.
About 50 % area of Pune district is falling under Rain
Shadow zone of Maharashtra state. Long term rain fall data
analysis reveals that eastern, southern, south-eastern,
central and northcentral part area of district around 9 blocks
including Baramati are classified as drought areas. The stage
of ground water development has reached up to 96.13% in
two talukas of the district namely Baramati and Purandhar
and are categorized under “Semi-Critical” category1.
Piaggio India, in partnership with Sanjeevani Institute for
Empowerment and Development, an NGO having expertise
in watershed Project, designed and executed watershed
projects for around 3000 hectare of watershed area in 2
villages in the catchment of its Baramati plant which falls
under the drought prone areas of Pune district.
The CSR activity includes soil and water conservation
measures across the slope, as high surface run-off leads to
severe soil erosion and degradation of land, which results
in water scarcity for personal consumption and agricultural
needs. Combined with that, biomass and vegetation
development on a catchment basis is focused upon; the
natural resources base of the local economy (household
needs, agriculture, livestock, livelihoods and income) will be
thus enhanced.
Around 1400 million liters of water harvesting potential
created in two villages under phase - I and 4700 persons
were impacted positively. Efforts made in increasing storage
capacity ultimately led to better percolation of water.
Agriculture productivity enhanced substantially as farmers
were able to take two to three crops even under below
average rainfall. By mobilizing communities to regenerate
and manage the natural resources through soil and water
conservation measures together with rising Agro-forestry
plantation the CSR aims at reducing dependence of the
people on whimsical metrological events and reduce their
poverty. Piaggio vehicles private limited (PVPL) is replicating
the success in 2 new villages for impacting 10000 people
cumulatively by March 2018 for larger social good and
environmental sustainability.
Shangri-La Hotel, Bengaluru has been
working with Cheshire Homes, India &
Angels Orphanage from the time the
project was announced and the core-
operations team came on-board.
Piaggio India, in partnership with
Sanjeevani Institute for Empowerment
and Development, an NGO having
expertise in watershed Project, designed
and executed watershed projects.
During Christmas & New Year, Shangri-
La Hotel, Bengaluru also brought tonnes
of joy, cheer and hope to the 32 children
at Cheshire Homes, Bangalore.
The project activities include soil and
water Conservation, agro forestry
plantation, promoting sustainable
agriculture, and water management for
environmental sustainability.
Company: Shangri-La International Hotel Management Ltd. Contact: Vivek
Srinivasan, Director of Human Resources Email: vivek.srinivasan@shangri-
la.com NGO: Cheshire Homes India, Bangalore Unit
Company: Piaggio Vehicles Private Limited Contact : Yogesh Kapse, Manager- CSR
Email: Yogesh.kapse@piaggio.co.in NGO: Sanjeevani Institute for Empowerment
and Development
Bringing Joy to
Underprivileged
Children
by Shangri-La Hotel, Bengaluru
Conserving Natural
Resources for
Environmental
Sustainability by Piaggio Vehicles Pvt Ltd.

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Artificial Intelligence is the science concerned with the
creation of machine intelligence which is able to perform
tasks, only performed by people. Much of this machine
intelligence is symbolic and heuristic. Artificial intelligence
(AI) is intelligence exhibited by machines. In computer
science, an ideal “intelligent” machine is a flexible rational
agent that perceives its environment and takes actions that
maximize its chance of success at some goal. Colloquially,
the term “artificial intelligence” is applied when a machine
mimics “cognitive” functions that humans associate with
other human minds, such as “learning” and “problem solving.
AI research is divided into subfields that focus on specific
problems or on specific approaches or on the use of a
particular tool or towards satisfying particular applications.
The central problems (or goals) of AI research include
reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural language
processing (communication), perception and the ability
to move and manipulate objects. Approaches include
statistical methods, computational intelligence, soft
computing (e.g. machine learning), and traditional symbolic
AI. Many tools are used in AI, including versions of search
and mathematical optimization, logic, methods based on
probability and economics. The AI field draws upon computer
science, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy,
neuroscience and artificial psychology.
Globalization of the world economy and growth of
competition on the market impose increasingly greater
demands on modern entrepreneurs. Currently, management
and control of production enterprises is impossible without
an application of appropriate tools supporting decision
making at each stage of a company’s functioning from
designing through to product exploitation. CIM (Computer
Integrated Manufacturing) Systems are an example of
such available tools that enable composite automatization
of technological and organizational preparation for
manufacture, current supervision, technological process
control, organization and management. The development of
CIM Systems has, in recent years, been directed at applying
the methods of artificialintelligence to support decision
processes and production control as well as monitoring,
simulation andtechnological process diagnosis.
Intelligent Manufacturing is:
“A set of methods, procedures and tools (e.g. CAD, CAP, CAM)
equipped with artificial intelligence tools and supporting
designing, planning and manufacturing.”
The following, among others, are the basic constituent
elements of Intelligent Manufacturing Systems mentioned as
Artificial intelligence’s ability to
function as a safety measure and
provide another set of eyes, so to
speak, can be extremely beneficial
to worker safety in
manufacturing.
Intelligent
Manufacturing Rajesh Angadi
rajeshangadi2013@gmail.com
Artificial Intelligence will transform the manufacturing into intelligent
manufacturing where AI will not only guide numerically controlled
machines and robots, but will play key role in their management system.
Though such Computer Integrated Manufacturing System created by AI
poses challenge to human workforce, it will in a way eradicate the need for
human beings to engage in repetitive and poorly paying tasks.
#AI

follows:
• Intelligent machines and tools, i.e. numerically controlled
machines and robots,
• Intelligent manufacturing systems, and
• Intelligent management systems.
The concept of intelligent manufacturing combines the ability
of decision-making support systems in generative systems
to obtain knowledge, to learn and to adapt to a changing
environment and to the actual arrangement of system
components. The nature of intelligent manufacturing is
system’s possibility to learn and its self-development as well
as the possibility to generate information necessary to control
the integrated productionsystem.
Designing Intelligent Manufacturing System
Intelligent Manufacturing System of a production enterprise
denotes a manufacturing systems integrated with information
system which provides necessary information, enables its
analysis and use of analytical and simulation- based decision
making models in order to assist decision making at each
stage of decision process, as well as it is capable of learning
and adapting to the dynamically changing environment
and the current arrangement of system components. In
other words, it is a decision supporting system based on the
applied methods and tools of artificial intelligence able to
solve complex decision problems, semi structured or non-
structured, requiring the processing of incomplete,unreliable,
contradictory, or difficult to formalize knowledge.
The demands towards Intelligent Management Systems in a
production enterprise are as follows:
• A possibility of collecting and processing different types of
information from all sources, both internal and external in
order to acquire and model knowledge necessary to make
decisions at all levels of decision process in an enterprise.
At the same time, a possibility of modeling knowledge and
processes, based on human thinking, is required.
• In a decision process, at decision selecting, the decision
maker’s subjective evaluation based on hisexperience and
intuition should be taken into account in IMS.
• There should be a possibility of preliminary information
handling and analysis with analytical methods as well as
modern artificial intelligence technologies.
• A possibility of detecting emergency and critical situations
and of prompt reaction to them. There must be a possibility
of situational data analysis in real time, necessary in
an emergency inside the production system or in its
surroundings.
• A possibility to allow for complexity and comprehensiveness
of decision-making issues in strategic management support.
• Taking into account the lack of stability and change
dynamics, both in the surroundings and inside the enterprise,
the IMSs under design should have the capability for learning
from experience and adapting the experience to intensive
alteration of working conditions.
In intelligent manufacturing systems, the following selected
contemporary methods and techniques of knowledge and
decision process modeling should be integrated:
• Artificial neural networks – the most fascinating tool of
artificial intelligence, capable of modeling extremely complex
functions and, to some extent, copying the learning activity in
the human brain.
• Fuzzy logic – technologies and methods of natural language
In intelligent manufacturing systems, the
following selected contemporary methods
and techniques of knowledge and decision
process modeling should be integrated.
Input
Ouput
→
→
Fuzzify
Inputs
Aggregate
Outputs Defuzzify
Apply
Rules
speak, can be extremely beneficial
to worker safety in
manufacturing.

formalization, linguistic and quality knowledge processing and
fuzzification.
• Genetic algorithms and methods of evolutionary modeling
– learning algorithms based on theoreticalachievements of
the theory of evolution, enriching the artificial intelligence
techniques.
The combination of these tools, in which knowledge is
represented symbolically, with the traditional expert system
will make it possible to create complex programmatic tools
for solving difficult decision-making problems at eachstage of
enterprise functioning.
Artificial Intelligence and Control Engineering
Artificial intelligence (AI) relates to control engineering when
embedded software helps with situational awareness. The
software algorithm looks at feedback from a situation, then
actuates the decision (closed-loop control) without human
consultation, or the software recommends a course of
action with human consultation (open-loop control). Control
engineering or control systems engineering is the engineering
discipline that applies control theory to design systems with
desired behaviors.
The practice uses sensors to measure the output
performance of the device being controlled and those
measurements can be used to give feedback to the input
actuators that can make corrections toward desired
performance. Control engineering is the engineering
discipline that focuses on the modeling of a diverse range of
dynamic systems (e.g. mechanical systems) and the design
of controllers that will cause these systems to behave in
the desired manner. Although such controllers need not be
electrical many are and hence control engineering is often
viewed as a subfield of electrical engineering.
There are two major divisions in control theory, namely,
classical and modern, which have direct implications over
the control engineering applications. The scope of classical
control theory is limited to single-input and single-output
(SISO) system design, except when analyzing for disturbance
rejection using a second input. The system analysis is carried
out in the time domain using differential equations, in the
complex-s domain with the Laplace transform while modern
control theory is carried out in the state space, and can deal
with multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems.
This overcomes the limitations of classical control theory in
more sophisticated design problems. Control engineering
was all about continuous systems. Development of computer
control tools posed a requirement of discrete control system
engineering because the communications between the
computer-based digital controller and the physical system are
governed by a computer clock.
The equivalent to Laplace transform in the discrete domain
is the Z-transform. Today, many of the control systems are
computer controlled and they consist of both digital and
analog components.Therefore, at the design stage either
digital components are mapped into the continuous domain
and the design is carried out in the continuous domain, or
analog components are mapped into discrete domain and
design is carried out there.
In manufacturing, a machine running a web-based process
may have similar situational awareness. There may be a
perfectly good reason to leave the machine running when
the last material runs through the rollers and an operator is
standing in a certain location. If the machine is unattended
at that particular moment, embedded code may begin an
orderly shutdown as the best response. Control Engineering
relates to the next big thing (TNBT) which is the second
generation of smartphones, which have the software
capacity to provide situational awareness. TNBT devices will
Replacing human with robot in
manufacturing is a trend that we can’t
stop or avoid.
speak, can be extremely beneficial to
worker safety in manufacturing.

35 June 2017
be able to recognize what is going on inside your area or
site and determine when something is out of normal but
not yet in alarm. Information for this awareness may come
from traditional fixed sensors or even by listening for sound
patterns such as hisses, whistles, clangs, and bangs. TNBT
devices will become true operator assistants; always watching
and always listening for out-of-normal conditions or for
events that require manual intervention.
Seven Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools have proved to be useful
with sensor systems: Knowledge-based systems, fuzzy logic,
automatic knowledge acquisition, neural networks, genetic
algorithms, case-based reasoning, and ambient-intelligence.
Applications of these tools within sensor systems have
become more widespread due to the power and affordability
of present-day computers. The appropriate deployment
of the new AI tools will contribute to the creation of more
competitive sensor systems and applications.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) helps computing in four ways:
1. Natural language understanding to improve
communication.
2. Machine reasoning to provide inference, theorem-proving,
cooperation, and relevant solutions.
3. Knowledge representation for perception, path planning,
modeling, and problem solving.
4. Knowledge acquisition using sensors to learn automatically
for navigation and problem solving.
Artificial intelligence’s ability to function as a safety measure
and provide another set of eyes, so to speak, can be
extremely beneficial to worker safety in manufacturing. It
can also enhance our ability to understand what’s happening
around us and offer solutions that might not be readily
available. As artificial intelligence becomes more prevalent
across industries, from defence to aerospace, experts in the
field will focus on making AI as safe and useful as possible.
Using artificial intelligence in a situation where human lives
depend on success could prove catastrophic. Manufacturing
is going through a revolution from a labor intensive, blue-
collar industry to a white-collar, Silicon Valley industry.
This use of AI to assist managers to efficiently run their
operations is part of the transition from manufacturing being
a labor intensive business to being highly automated at the
operations management level as well as on the production
floor.Artificial intelligence will eventually touch nearly every
industry on the planet, but self-driving cars are among the
most sought-after developments for this technology.
Will artificial intelligence (AI) take control of human race
for Intelligent Manufacturing?
The answer to this question seems to be positive. Several
experts of AI have similar comment as “everything that
humans can do machines can do”. Stephen Hawking
also warned us during an interview with BBC that “The
development of full artificial intelligence could spell the
end of the human race.” Ex Machina, a recent enthralling
science-fiction film presents the possibility of a robot that
has cognitive capability to think, feel and even manipulate
human beings. Self-driving cars, Siri on your iPhone, weather
forecasts, face recognition on your Facebook photos, etc are
all examples. A Japanese company with Deep Knowledge
found out an Artificial Intelligence (AI) as one of the directors
due to its ability to predict market trend that is “not
immediately obvious to humans”. Replacing human with
robot in manufacturing is a trend that we can’t stop or avoid.
Many experts fear that robots will cause a massive job loss
which would result in severe social problems. But it’s not that
simple, a country’s implementation of robots has no proven
relationship to the percentage of manufacturing jobs lot.
Rather they will restructure the labor market, accomplishing
poorly-paying tasks and at the same time creating job
opportunities which require high qualifications. As technology
advances, the low cost, high-accuracy and efficiency of robot
is going to benefit the human society as a whole on a broader
level. The future holds a generated era in which artificial
intelligence comes up with its own designs, its own ideas, its
own products instead of all our tools being passive, us telling
them what to do and them doing it. In real life, however,
artificial intelligence is far more benign, and may provide the
most critical catalyst for the future of manufacturing.
Rajesh Angadi completed his BE, MBA, PMP and is Hadoop
Certified. With 22 years of Information Technology
experience he worked on projects for Unisys, Intel, Satyam,
Microsoft, Ford, Hartford, Compaq, and Princeton.
Will artificial intelligence (AI) take
control of human race for Intelligent
Manufacturing?

In the last issue, we discussed on the inventory control cycle
and various methods of classification of inventory for better
control. In this article, we will discuss further options for
control of Inventory.
A. Bin systems
Here inventory is monitored and controlled using fixed size
of bins. Depending on the number of bins used, it is further
classified as one bin, two bins or three bins replenishment
system
a. One-bin replenishment system:
Here single bin is used for the item. The bin is periodically
checked. Order quantity will be enough to refill the bin. The
size of the bin can be suited to match EOQ (economic order
quantity) or MOQ (minimum order quantity)
b. Two-bins replenishment system:
Here two bins are used. When one bin becomes empty,
that would be a trigger point for the reorder. The size of
bin is dependent on the lead time of replenishment and
consumption during procurement. The advantage is that
triggering of reordering is visual and reorder level (ROL) can
be seen. Not suited when too many varieties are there in
stock. While reordering, fixed quantity is ordered. With bar
coding or RFID, the movement and position of the bin can be
tracked.
c. Three-bins replenishment system:
Here it is like two-bin system except that one extra bin is kept
as a safety stock to take care of fluctuation of lead time of
replenishment and demand during lead time.
B. Accurate forecasting
Inventory can be controlled by accurate forecasting. But
this is not an easy task and a lot of efforts are required.
Depending on the type of product, forecast is made from
data on the past sales, by judgement of persons in the field,
by survey (through mail, phone or physical meeting) and
using various forecasting models.
C. Accurate stock records
Here discipline plays a role. Every issue, receipt and balance is
recorded to manage replenishment. Reconciliation of physical
stock is done regularly to account for any loss. Typical usage
is in super markets. Systems like ERP (Enterprise Resource
Planning) helps. Discrepancy between electronic inventory
and physical inventory makes it difficult to control inventory.
Erratic orders will hamper affecting the inventory level. The
error is attributed wrong entries, thefts, lack of discipline,
improper storage, no proper system and missing training. To
check the error, cycle counting is done where each type of
items is checked for accuracy between physical and electronic
data in turn in a year.
D. Fixed time orders
Used for the low value items. Maximum level of stock based
on average demand and safety stock is set. Orders are placed
at fixed intervals. While ordering the difference between
maximum level and current level is considered.
E. Post-phoned product customization
By delaying customization to later stage of supply chain,
level of inventory can be controlled. The Dell computer uses
such concept where customization is done in last stage after
receipt of order from customer
P S Satish
gotopssatish@gmail.com
Optimize
Inventorieswith Right
ControlMethods
Successful control of inventory takes into account the right method
or the combinations of methods. And selection of these methods
is based on the type of product, size of inventory, customer service
level needed, size of the industry, customer demands, distance
between customer and supplier.
#MANUFACTURINGEXCELLENCE

MART June 2017 Issue

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MART June 2017 Issue