Music 9 Topic

1. © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Part I
Elements
Presentation developed by:
Robert Elliott
Tennessee State University
Edited by:
Al-lyn Vocal
La Salle University

2. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Music—vital part of human society
Heard almost everywhere in modern life
• Provides entertainment, emotional release
- Music “on demand” available to almost anyone
– Recorded music innovation of 20th Century

3. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Informal music making
– Source of pleasure for players and listeners
- Amateur: person who engages in an activity without
compensation—for the simple pleasure that the activity
brings
- E.g., sports, visual arts, performing arts

4. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
– Experience affected by emotional state of both
performer and audience
Live performance—special excitement
Evaluating music performances
– Perceptive listening enhances enjoyment
- Knowledge of musical elements enhances perception
– Background music vs. alert, active listening

5. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Elements of Music
• Rhythm
• Melody (Pitch)
• Harmony
• Timbre (Tone Color)
• Form
• Texture
• Dynamics

6. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Sound: Pitch, Dynamics, and Tone
Color
Our world filled with sounds
– Sounds can be pleasant or unpleasant
– Humans able to focus on specific sounds
- Can ignore sounds that do not interest us

7. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
SOUND:
PITCH, DYNAMICS, AND TONE COLOR
Sound
– Begins as result of a vibrating object
– Transmitted through medium as vibration
– Perceived by eardrums as vibrations
- Impulses sent to brain for processing
Music: organization of sounds in time
Four main properties of musical sounds:
– Pitch – Tone color
– Dynamics – Duration

8. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Pitch: Highness or Lowness of Sound
SOUND: PITCH (Melody)
Determined by frequency of vibration
– Fast vibration = high pitch, slow vibration = low pitch
In music, definite pitch is a tone
– Tones have specific frequencies
– Generally, smaller vibrating objects = higher pitches
– Irregular vibrations create sounds of indefinite pitch

9. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Listening Activity
Through the Rain by Mariah Carey
Guide Questions:
•Which part of the song is in HIGH pitch?
•Which part of the song is in LOW pitch?
•How will you describe the performance of Mariah
Carey?

10. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Dynamics
SOUND: DYNAMICS
Relative loudness of a sound
– Related to amplitude of vibration producing sound
Accent: tone played louder than tones near it
– Changes in dynamics may be sudden or gradual

11. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Dynamics
SOUND: DYNAMICS
Italian terms used to indicate dynamics
– Extremes: ppp, pppp, fff, ffff
– Crescendo: gradually louder
– Decrescendo (diminuendo):
gradually softer
pianissimo pp very soft
piano p soft
mezzo piano mp moderately soft
mezzo forte mf moderately loud
forte f loud
fortissimo ff very loud

12. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Listening Activity
Bukas Na Lang Kita Mamahalin by Lani
Misalucha
Guide Questions:
•Which part of the song you heard the dynamics?
•What are the dynamics applied in the
performance?
•How will you describe the performance of Lani
Misalucha?

13. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Tone Color
SOUND: TONE COLOR
Also called timbre: quality of a sound
– Can be bright, dark, mellow, smooth, curly (kulot) etc.
Changes in tone color create variety and contrast
Tone color can add to continuity
– Specific melodies with specific tone colors

14. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Listening Activity
Till I Met You ( 3 Versions of Different
Artists)
Guide Questions:
•How will you describe the performance the
performance of TIMBRE A? TIMBRE B? and
TIMBRE C?
•How is TIMBRE differ from DYNAMICS?

15. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Rhythm
Rhythm: flow of music (events) through time
A pulse. A rhythmic unit of time
Beat
Rhythm has 3 Parts:
- when you nod your head or tap your foot in time with the music you are feeling the beat

16. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Listening Activity
Kunwari by Spongecola
Directions:
Clap the beat of the song but NOT too loud.
Guide Questions:
1.What is the beat of the song?
2.How will you describe the beat of the song?
3.What is the purpose of beat in a song?

17. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
RHYTHM
Grouping of beats
Meter
– Groups of beats called measures
Downbeat: first and strongest beat in measure
Types of meter:
– Duple – Triple – Quadruple – Other meters

18. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Listening Activity
We Will Rock You by Queen
Directions:
Clap the beat of the METER of the song but NOT
too loud.
Guide Questions:
1.What is the beat of the song?
2.How will you describe the meter of the song?
3.What is the purpose of meter in a song?

19. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
RHYTHM
– How fast or slow the music is
The speed of the beat, the pace
Tempo
Tempo indicated at beginning of piece
– As with dynamics, Italian terms are used

20. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Listening Activity
Love Me Tomorrow ( 2 versions of different artists)
Directions:
Analyze the tempo of the song.
Guide Questions:
1.What is the tempo of the song A? Song B?
2.How will you describe the tempo of song A? Song
B?
3.What is the purpose of tempo in a song?

21. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Harmony
The combination of two or more pitches
Chord: 3 or more tones sounded at once
– Chord is simultaneous tones
– Melody is series of individual tones
Progression: how chords follow each other

22. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Listening Activity
Magpasikat Performance by Anne Curtis and Coleen
Garcia
Guide Questions:
1.What are the instruments used by the artists to
produce sounds?
2.How are these sounds pleasing to hear?
3.How will you describe HARMONY based on their
performance?

23. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Texture
Layering of sound, how layers relate
Monophonic Texture
Single, unaccompanied melody
Polyphonic Texture
2 or more equally important melodies sounding
simultaneously (counterpoint and imitation)
Homophonic Texture
One melody with chordal accompaniment
Changes of Texture
Within a piece, creates variety and contrast
– Literally “one sound” (solo or unison)

24. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Listening Activity
Bohemian Rhapsody by Pentatonix
Guide Questions:
1. What is the texture of the song? Why do
you say so?

25. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Form
Organization of musical elements in time
– Simple A B A
Techniques that Create Musical Form
Repetition—restating musical ideas
Contrast—avoiding monotony with new ideas
Variation—reworking ideas to keep them new
Types of Musical Form
Ternary
– Subdivided aba cdc aba– Subdivided aba cdc– Subdivided aba

26. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
CHAPTER 9—MUSICAL FORM
Types of Musical Form
Binary
– A B
– A A B
– A B B
– A A B B

27. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Activity
Directions:
1. The class will sing the verse Mat. 6:33.
2. The class will be divided into 2 groups.
3. The first group will sing the form A while
the second group will sing the form B.

28. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Matt. 6:33
A
Seek ye first
Thy kingdom of God
And His righteousness
And all these things
shall be added and to
you
Alle-lu-allelujuiah
B
Alle-lu-juiah
Alle-lu-juiah
Alle-lu-juiah
Alle-lu-allelujuiah

29. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Musical Style
Based upon time period and the continuous
development of music as an art form
Western art music can be divided into:
– Medieval —450-1450
– Renaissance—1450-1600
– Baroque—1600-1750
– Classical—1750-1820
– Romantic—1820-1900
– 20th Century to 1945
– 1945 to present
Music of each these periods reflects the society that
supported it

30. An Appreciation
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
About the teacher
@aldashlynvocal
aldashlyn
allyn.vocal@lsu.edu.ph