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1
Academic Social Networks and Researcher
Ranking
Prof. Amany Elsayed
Head of Information science Department
amany.m.elsayed@arts.helwan.edu.eg
amany03@gmail.com
2
Workshop topics:
• Open science and web scholarly communication
• Using Web 2.0 to increase researcher’s ranking
• Academic Social Networks (types, services)
• Question & Answer service
• Sharing your research output through ASN
• Researcher measurement (h-index, RG score)
• ASN and researchers’ concerns
3
• What methods do you use as a researcher to communicate
with other researchers in your Field?
• How to get a copy of another researcher's paper that is not
available on the Internet or in databases?
• How do you share your research paper with other
researchers?
• If you have a research question ... where do you look for the
answer?
Common Questions
4
Scholarly Communication
• “The system through which research and other scholarly
writings are created, evaluated for quality, disseminated to
the scholarly community, and preserved for future use.”
(American Library Assoc.).
5
In the past
6
Today
7
What happened?
Change will happen. The question is just
when and how?
8
Open science
Open Science is the practice of
science in such a way that others
can collaborate and contribute,
where research data, lab notes and
other research processes are
freely available, under terms that
enable reuse, redistribution and
reproduction of the research.
Source: https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/foster-taxonomy/open-science-definition
9
Open science
The free science revolution led to the emergence of what are
known as open science communities' Academic social networks
are one of the types of these free societies, and the main driver
of this type of network is the "researcher" himself Reducing the
control of commercial publishers over the scientific
communication system.
10
Science 2.0
11
internet
creation
Publication
dissemination
reformulation
scholars are beginning
to exploit the power of
the Web
12
New Era of scholarly Communication
repositories e-journals
Data sharing Blogging
preprints
13
14
Academic social networks (ASN)
15
What is ASN?
is a specialized platform designed for
researchers to create their own profiles,
upload their publications, find collaborators,
and communicate with each other. It is
considered as a new channel of interaction
between researchers in the era of cyber
science.
16
Functions
Main functions:
• Find researchers or experts, be more visible (profile)
• Find relevant documents
• Disseminate your publications
• Create a network followings/followers
• Discuss topics
17
Functions
Secondary functions:
• Find a job (contact with companies or job offers) •
Manage and share bibliography
• Exchange with the intermediary of groups/communities or
with people sharing the same interest : topics, skills
expertise
• Evaluate or discuss document : Open peer-review,
annotation
• Share information (Questions/answer) •
18
The Academic Network
write
write
cite
cite
cite
write
write
write
cite
Write
publish
publish
publish
publish
publish
publish
write
write
coauthor coauthor
Dr. Tang
Limin
Prof. Wang
Prof. Li
SVM...
Association...
Tree CRF...
Semantic...
EOS... Annotation...
IJCAI
ISWC
WWW
Pc member
Academic Network
Paper, Person, Conf./Journal
Relationships:
•Conf./Journal publish paper
•Paper cite paper
•Person write paper
•Person is PC member of
Conf./Journal
•Person is coauthor of person
19
Researcher Profile
Basic Info.
Research Interests
Publications
Social Network
20
ASN Types
21
What is Mendeley?
Mendeley is a reference manager
allowing you to manage, read,
share, annotate and cite your
research papers...
… forming a crowdsourced database with a
unique layer of social research information
and an Open API
...and an academic collaboration
network with 3 Million users to
connect like-minded researchers &
discover research trends and
statistics.
22
23
Example (1)
24
Example (2)
25
• Online community resources for scholars and
scientists from many disciplines
• Academia.edu biopractice
• BitesizeBio Chapter Swap
• Digital Commons eagle-i
• EasyChair SciENcv
• SelectScience Technology Networks
• Thingiverse Vitae
• Yammer Science Online
ASN Examples
26
ASN Examples
• Epernicus frontiers
• Google Profiles Groupsite
• Kudos LabArchives
• Labome.org LabRoots
• mendelspod Petridish.org
• PubMed Commons PubPeer
• ResearchGate Scholar Universe
27
For Researchers
• Communicate in a new way with researchers
• Share my publications
• Increase citations to my papers
• Get statistics about my research (views, downloads, and
citations)
• Get free access to millions of publications
• Find new research ideas
• Form a research group
• Collaborative solving of research problems
• Ask questions/get answers from researchers in the field
• Encourage cooperative cross-disciplinary research
28
For University
G-factor
It ranks university and college web
presence by counting the number of
links only from other university
websites, using Google search
engine data. G-factor is an indicator
of the popularity or importance of
each university's website from the
combined perspectives of other
institutions. It claims to be an
objective peer review of a university
through its website.
29
choosing an Academic social network to join?
• Number of participants
• Number of publications
• Network reputation
• Friend's recommendation
• Read the visitors' opinions
• The diversity of Services
30
31
• 135+ million publication pages, 1+ million
questions
• 19+ million researchers, including 79 Nobel
Laureates. And 10,000 scientists signing up per
day.
• Launched in May 2008 in Hannover, Germany
What is ResearchGate?
32
Example
33
Structure
• Researchers
• Groups
✓can be categorized
✓can be "grouped" with
each other
• Literature
34
Services
• Create a user profile
• Self archiving publications
• Search engine (Author, Institution, Publication, Jobs, Questions)
• Liking and following researchers and their publications
• Create a discussion group
• Messaging services
• The News feeds
• Post comments or queries
• RG Score
• Keep informed with Worldwide Events
35
Services
• International job board
• Statistics and metrics of uploaded publications
• Generate a free DOI for publications
• Export your profile as a C.V
• Import contacts
• Invite your colleagues
• Add Social Profiles
• Open reviews
• Block researcher
• Feedback
36
37
• Sharing done by authors themselves
• Sharing done by others
Sharing your research output
38
• Journal Articles
• Book chapters
• Conference papers
• Conference presentations
• Thesis chapters
• Patents
• Teaching Documents
• Book reviews
• Talks
• Drafts
• Unpublished research
• Media files
• Negative and raw data
See: Rafael S. Rios, Kenneth I. Zheng & Ming-Hua Zheng (2020) Data sharing during COVID-19
pandemic: what to take away, Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 14:12, 1125-
1130, DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1815533
What to share?
39
40
Question & Answer service
41
From resources sharing to Knowledge Sharing
(
Q & A
)
42
• Q&A is where you can ask research-related questions and get them
answered by other specialists. It’s also the best place for you to share
your knowledge, connect with researchers, and identify yourself as an
expert in your field.
• Q&A service is a kind of Knowledge sharing or experience sharing
• You can also browse questions and answers using the other three
filters: Recent questions in your field, Questions you follow,
and Questions you asked.
Q&A service
43
Why do you share your knowledge on ResearchGate?
• Through sharing we communicate our ideas, gain information and
expand our knowledge.
• most of our work rests on knowledge sharing (reading others' work or
discussing with them).
• A good discussion always leads to better understanding of a subject.
multiple views on a topic is always better than a single point of view.
Q&A service
44
Example
45
Researcher measurement (h-index, RG
score)
46
The simplest way how to measure the quality of scientists is
to evaluate the following three integer numbers: the number
of published papers, the number of citations, and the h-index
introduced by Hirsch .
Measure the quality of scientist
47
H-index
• The h-index is an index to quantify an individual’s scientific research output (J.E.
Hirsch).
• There are several databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar) that will
provide an h-index for an individual based on publications indexed in the tools.
•
The h-index is an index that attempts to measure both the scientific productivity and
the apparent scientific impact of a scientist. The index is based on the set of the
researcher's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in
other people's publications .
48
RG Score
• The RG score is presented as an indicator of scientific
reputation. Yet, when I carefully examine what makes RG
score increase, I observe that publications are not much
taken into account, compared to the number of followers
and/or answers to various questions.
• RG score is a meaningful measure of academic social media
popularity.
49
RG Score
50
ASN and researchers’ concerns
51
Blurring of boundaries between personal and professional life
Privacy
Intellectual property issues
Technical issues
Reliability of the information
Unwanted email spamming
Limit registration
In the future it may switch from being free to being a business
model
Researchers’ Concerns
52
Who own the contents ?
Copyright article are behind pay wall and authors cannot put
the full-text into Social Networks.
ResearchGate gives access to his database to stakeholders (CGU
Researchgate) and will retire immediately documents on their
demands. Social Networks are not clear about who own
original contents. like YouTube license .
Researchers’ Concerns
53
Most Concern
2013
Solution
copyright rules allow making/sharing copies for
personal use. So.... You can always have the reference
in you. Other publications: depends on agreements
Elsevier asked to retire the papers from Aacademia.edu
54
What can ResearchGate do with
my data?
ResearchGate is a service that enables
the users (you) to present information
, it can not provide data to third
parties.
Researchers’ Concerns
55
• For wide dissemination of publications:
-ID services (e.g., Orcid, ResearcherID)
-Researcher profile services (e.g., Academia.edu, Google
Scholar, ResearchGate)
-Official or personal researcher’s website (Self archiving)
• For wide dissemination of presentations:
Resource sharing sites (e.g., SlideShare, SoundCloud,
YouTube)
Where should you be?
56
References
• Elsayed AM. The Use of Academic Social Networks Among Arab Researchers: A Survey. Social Science Computer
Review. 2016;34(3):378-391. https://doi:10.1177/0894439315589146
• Vavryčuk V (2018) Fair ranking of researchers and research teams. PLoS ONE 13(4): e0195509.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195509
• Thelwall, Mike, and Kayvan Kousha. "ResearchGate: Disseminating, communicating, and measuring Scholarship?."
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 66.5 (2015): 876-889.
http://cba.scit.wlv.ac.uk/~cm1993/papers/ResearchGate.pdf
• Yu, M. C., Wu, Y. C. J., Alhalabi, W., Kao, H. Y., & Wu, W. H. (2016). ResearchGate: An effective altmetric indicator
for active researchers?. Computers in human behavior, 55, 1001-1006.
• Boudry, C., & Durand-Barthez, M. (2020). Use of author identifier services (ORCID, ResearcherID) and academic
social networks (Academia. edu, ResearchGate) by the researchers of the University of Caen Normandy (France): A
case study. PloS one, 15(9), e0238583.
• Kim, Y., & Oh, J. S. (2020). Researchers’ article sharing through institutional repositories and ResearchGate: A
comparison study. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 0961000620962840.
57
Prof. Amany Elsayed
Email: amany03@gmail.com ,
amany.m.elsayed@arts.helwan.edu.eg
Researcher ID J-8998-2013
-ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7005-087X
-Scopus
ID: http://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=3660
0229600
-Google Scholar:
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=u8ajSUAAAAAJ&hl=a
r

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Academic Social Networks and Researcher Ranking

  • 1. 1 Academic Social Networks and Researcher Ranking Prof. Amany Elsayed Head of Information science Department amany.m.elsayed@arts.helwan.edu.eg amany03@gmail.com
  • 2. 2 Workshop topics: • Open science and web scholarly communication • Using Web 2.0 to increase researcher’s ranking • Academic Social Networks (types, services) • Question & Answer service • Sharing your research output through ASN • Researcher measurement (h-index, RG score) • ASN and researchers’ concerns
  • 3. 3 • What methods do you use as a researcher to communicate with other researchers in your Field? • How to get a copy of another researcher's paper that is not available on the Internet or in databases? • How do you share your research paper with other researchers? • If you have a research question ... where do you look for the answer? Common Questions
  • 4. 4 Scholarly Communication • “The system through which research and other scholarly writings are created, evaluated for quality, disseminated to the scholarly community, and preserved for future use.” (American Library Assoc.).
  • 7. 7 What happened? Change will happen. The question is just when and how?
  • 8. 8 Open science Open Science is the practice of science in such a way that others can collaborate and contribute, where research data, lab notes and other research processes are freely available, under terms that enable reuse, redistribution and reproduction of the research. Source: https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/foster-taxonomy/open-science-definition
  • 9. 9 Open science The free science revolution led to the emergence of what are known as open science communities' Academic social networks are one of the types of these free societies, and the main driver of this type of network is the "researcher" himself Reducing the control of commercial publishers over the scientific communication system.
  • 12. 12 New Era of scholarly Communication repositories e-journals Data sharing Blogging preprints
  • 13. 13
  • 15. 15 What is ASN? is a specialized platform designed for researchers to create their own profiles, upload their publications, find collaborators, and communicate with each other. It is considered as a new channel of interaction between researchers in the era of cyber science.
  • 16. 16 Functions Main functions: • Find researchers or experts, be more visible (profile) • Find relevant documents • Disseminate your publications • Create a network followings/followers • Discuss topics
  • 17. 17 Functions Secondary functions: • Find a job (contact with companies or job offers) • Manage and share bibliography • Exchange with the intermediary of groups/communities or with people sharing the same interest : topics, skills expertise • Evaluate or discuss document : Open peer-review, annotation • Share information (Questions/answer) •
  • 18. 18 The Academic Network write write cite cite cite write write write cite Write publish publish publish publish publish publish write write coauthor coauthor Dr. Tang Limin Prof. Wang Prof. Li SVM... Association... Tree CRF... Semantic... EOS... Annotation... IJCAI ISWC WWW Pc member Academic Network Paper, Person, Conf./Journal Relationships: •Conf./Journal publish paper •Paper cite paper •Person write paper •Person is PC member of Conf./Journal •Person is coauthor of person
  • 19. 19 Researcher Profile Basic Info. Research Interests Publications Social Network
  • 21. 21 What is Mendeley? Mendeley is a reference manager allowing you to manage, read, share, annotate and cite your research papers... … forming a crowdsourced database with a unique layer of social research information and an Open API ...and an academic collaboration network with 3 Million users to connect like-minded researchers & discover research trends and statistics.
  • 22. 22
  • 25. 25 • Online community resources for scholars and scientists from many disciplines • Academia.edu biopractice • BitesizeBio Chapter Swap • Digital Commons eagle-i • EasyChair SciENcv • SelectScience Technology Networks • Thingiverse Vitae • Yammer Science Online ASN Examples
  • 26. 26 ASN Examples • Epernicus frontiers • Google Profiles Groupsite • Kudos LabArchives • Labome.org LabRoots • mendelspod Petridish.org • PubMed Commons PubPeer • ResearchGate Scholar Universe
  • 27. 27 For Researchers • Communicate in a new way with researchers • Share my publications • Increase citations to my papers • Get statistics about my research (views, downloads, and citations) • Get free access to millions of publications • Find new research ideas • Form a research group • Collaborative solving of research problems • Ask questions/get answers from researchers in the field • Encourage cooperative cross-disciplinary research
  • 28. 28 For University G-factor It ranks university and college web presence by counting the number of links only from other university websites, using Google search engine data. G-factor is an indicator of the popularity or importance of each university's website from the combined perspectives of other institutions. It claims to be an objective peer review of a university through its website.
  • 29. 29 choosing an Academic social network to join? • Number of participants • Number of publications • Network reputation • Friend's recommendation • Read the visitors' opinions • The diversity of Services
  • 30. 30
  • 31. 31 • 135+ million publication pages, 1+ million questions • 19+ million researchers, including 79 Nobel Laureates. And 10,000 scientists signing up per day. • Launched in May 2008 in Hannover, Germany What is ResearchGate?
  • 33. 33 Structure • Researchers • Groups ✓can be categorized ✓can be "grouped" with each other • Literature
  • 34. 34 Services • Create a user profile • Self archiving publications • Search engine (Author, Institution, Publication, Jobs, Questions) • Liking and following researchers and their publications • Create a discussion group • Messaging services • The News feeds • Post comments or queries • RG Score • Keep informed with Worldwide Events
  • 35. 35 Services • International job board • Statistics and metrics of uploaded publications • Generate a free DOI for publications • Export your profile as a C.V • Import contacts • Invite your colleagues • Add Social Profiles • Open reviews • Block researcher • Feedback
  • 36. 36
  • 37. 37 • Sharing done by authors themselves • Sharing done by others Sharing your research output
  • 38. 38 • Journal Articles • Book chapters • Conference papers • Conference presentations • Thesis chapters • Patents • Teaching Documents • Book reviews • Talks • Drafts • Unpublished research • Media files • Negative and raw data See: Rafael S. Rios, Kenneth I. Zheng & Ming-Hua Zheng (2020) Data sharing during COVID-19 pandemic: what to take away, Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 14:12, 1125- 1130, DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1815533 What to share?
  • 39. 39
  • 41. 41 From resources sharing to Knowledge Sharing ( Q & A )
  • 42. 42 • Q&A is where you can ask research-related questions and get them answered by other specialists. It’s also the best place for you to share your knowledge, connect with researchers, and identify yourself as an expert in your field. • Q&A service is a kind of Knowledge sharing or experience sharing • You can also browse questions and answers using the other three filters: Recent questions in your field, Questions you follow, and Questions you asked. Q&A service
  • 43. 43 Why do you share your knowledge on ResearchGate? • Through sharing we communicate our ideas, gain information and expand our knowledge. • most of our work rests on knowledge sharing (reading others' work or discussing with them). • A good discussion always leads to better understanding of a subject. multiple views on a topic is always better than a single point of view. Q&A service
  • 46. 46 The simplest way how to measure the quality of scientists is to evaluate the following three integer numbers: the number of published papers, the number of citations, and the h-index introduced by Hirsch . Measure the quality of scientist
  • 47. 47 H-index • The h-index is an index to quantify an individual’s scientific research output (J.E. Hirsch). • There are several databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar) that will provide an h-index for an individual based on publications indexed in the tools. • The h-index is an index that attempts to measure both the scientific productivity and the apparent scientific impact of a scientist. The index is based on the set of the researcher's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other people's publications .
  • 48. 48 RG Score • The RG score is presented as an indicator of scientific reputation. Yet, when I carefully examine what makes RG score increase, I observe that publications are not much taken into account, compared to the number of followers and/or answers to various questions. • RG score is a meaningful measure of academic social media popularity.
  • 51. 51 Blurring of boundaries between personal and professional life Privacy Intellectual property issues Technical issues Reliability of the information Unwanted email spamming Limit registration In the future it may switch from being free to being a business model Researchers’ Concerns
  • 52. 52 Who own the contents ? Copyright article are behind pay wall and authors cannot put the full-text into Social Networks. ResearchGate gives access to his database to stakeholders (CGU Researchgate) and will retire immediately documents on their demands. Social Networks are not clear about who own original contents. like YouTube license . Researchers’ Concerns
  • 53. 53 Most Concern 2013 Solution copyright rules allow making/sharing copies for personal use. So.... You can always have the reference in you. Other publications: depends on agreements Elsevier asked to retire the papers from Aacademia.edu
  • 54. 54 What can ResearchGate do with my data? ResearchGate is a service that enables the users (you) to present information , it can not provide data to third parties. Researchers’ Concerns
  • 55. 55 • For wide dissemination of publications: -ID services (e.g., Orcid, ResearcherID) -Researcher profile services (e.g., Academia.edu, Google Scholar, ResearchGate) -Official or personal researcher’s website (Self archiving) • For wide dissemination of presentations: Resource sharing sites (e.g., SlideShare, SoundCloud, YouTube) Where should you be?
  • 56. 56 References • Elsayed AM. The Use of Academic Social Networks Among Arab Researchers: A Survey. Social Science Computer Review. 2016;34(3):378-391. https://doi:10.1177/0894439315589146 • Vavryčuk V (2018) Fair ranking of researchers and research teams. PLoS ONE 13(4): e0195509. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195509 • Thelwall, Mike, and Kayvan Kousha. "ResearchGate: Disseminating, communicating, and measuring Scholarship?." Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 66.5 (2015): 876-889. http://cba.scit.wlv.ac.uk/~cm1993/papers/ResearchGate.pdf • Yu, M. C., Wu, Y. C. J., Alhalabi, W., Kao, H. Y., & Wu, W. H. (2016). ResearchGate: An effective altmetric indicator for active researchers?. Computers in human behavior, 55, 1001-1006. • Boudry, C., & Durand-Barthez, M. (2020). Use of author identifier services (ORCID, ResearcherID) and academic social networks (Academia. edu, ResearchGate) by the researchers of the University of Caen Normandy (France): A case study. PloS one, 15(9), e0238583. • Kim, Y., & Oh, J. S. (2020). Researchers’ article sharing through institutional repositories and ResearchGate: A comparison study. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 0961000620962840.
  • 57. 57 Prof. Amany Elsayed Email: amany03@gmail.com , amany.m.elsayed@arts.helwan.edu.eg Researcher ID J-8998-2013 -ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7005-087X -Scopus ID: http://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=3660 0229600 -Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=u8ajSUAAAAAJ&hl=a r