2. • The period between 1206 AD and 1526 AD in
Indian History is known as the Delhi Sultanate.
• During this period of over three hundred years
five dynasties, (32 kings) ruled in Delhi.
These were :
• The Slave Dynasty(1206 - 1290)
• The Khilji Dynasty (1290 - 1320)
• The Tughlak Dynasty (1320 - 1414)
• The Sayyad Dynasty (1414 - 1450)
• The Lodhi Dynasty (1451 - 1526)
3. Slave Dynasty
Slave dynasty, (1206–90), line of sultans at Delhi, India, that
lasted for nearly a century. Their family name was Mui zzī.ʿ
The Slave dynasty was founded by Qu b al-Dīn Aibakṭ , a favourite
slave of the Muslim general and later sultan Mu ammad of Ghūr. ḥ
Qu b al-Dīn had been among Mu ammad’s most trusted Turkish ṭ ḥ
officers and had overseen his master’s Indian conquests.
He was eventually confined to being a purely Indian
sovereign.
He died in 1210 as a result of a polo accident, and the crown
shortly passed to Iltutmish, his son-in-law.
4. THE SLAVE DYNASTY : 1206 AD
o Qutbuddin Aibak (1206-10 AD)
o Aram Shah Qutbuddin(1210-1211 AD)
o Iltutmish (1211-1236 AD).
o Rukhuddin Firoz Shah (1236 AD).
o Razziya Sultan (1236-1240 AD)
o Muizuddin Bahram ((1240-1242 AD)
o (Ghiyasuddin Balban. (1266-1286 AD)
o Muizuddin Kaiquabad(1287-1290 AD)
5. MONUMENTS BUILT UNDER
THIS DYNASTY
QUTUB MOSQUE,DELHI 1195 CE
QUTUB MINAR,DELHI 1200 CE
ARHAI-DIN-KA JHOMPRA
MOSQUE,AJMER 1205 CE
8. INTRODUCTION
The Khilji dynasty or Khalji was a Muslim dynasty of Turkic
origin which ruled large parts of South Asia between 1290
and 1320.
It was founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji and became the
second dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate of India.
Under Ala-ud-din Khilji, the Khiljis became
known for successfully defending against the
repeated Mongol invasions of India
13. HISTORY
The Qutb complex was built by Qutb
Ud-Din Aibak (1206 - 1211) who
established the first Islamic sultanate
in the Indian subcontinent in Delhi in
1192.
It is located within the citadel of
Qal'a-e-Rai Pithora (Qila Rai Pithora)
where Qutb Ud-Din also set up his
administrative quarters and residence.
It is also known as Quwwat ul Islam,
meaning the 'might of Islam,' the
Qutub complex was created with the
dismantling and reassembling of the
27 existing Hindu and Jain temples on
the site.
15. QUTB COMPLEX
Qutub complex consists of a
mosque and two minarets
enclosed within a series of
cloistered precincts.
It was entered via four
monumental gates along the
north, east and south walls, of
which only the southern gate (Alai
Darwaza) remains.
The mosque, known as the Qutb or
Quwwat ul Islam Mosque, occupies
the southwest corner of the
complex.
16. A tall screen wall with
pointed archways runs
along the western edge of
the precinct, creating a
qibla wall for the prayer
spaces.
In addition to these
elements, the complex
also contains several
smaller buildings: the
Tomb of Iltutmish, Ala al-
Din Khalji's madrassa, and
the Imam Zamin Mosque.
The Qutb Minar (minaret)
stands in the southeastern
part of this enclosure.
QUTB COMPLEX
The unfinished Alai Minar
(minaret) stands in the
northeastern part of the
complex.
18. QUTUB MINAR
Qutb Minar (Also
called Qutub or Qutab, is the
tallest minar (73 metres) in
India originally an ancient
Islamic Monument, inscribed
with Arabic inscriptions, and is
a UNESCO World Heritage
site.
Qutb Minar is made of red
sandstone and marble.
The stairs of the tower has 379
steps,is 72.5 metres (237.8 ft)
high, and has a base diameter
of 14.3 metres, which narrows
to 2.7 metres at the top.
Construction was started in
1192 by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and
was carried on by his
successor, Iltutmish.
In 1368, Firoz Shah Tughlak
constructed the fifth and the
last storey.
19. Qutub Minar (Architecture)
FEATURES:
At the base, the diameter of the minaret
is a little over fourteen meters and it tapers
towards the top, where it is only slightly
under 3 meters wide.
It has a circular stairway made of three-
hundred-seventy-nine steps to reach the top
for a spectacular view.
The Minar comprises of several
superimposed flanged and cylindrical shafts
separated by balconies.
All the storeys have a balcony that circles
the Minar with stone brackets for support.
The Minar is decorated throughout with
floral motifs and arabesque. Also it bears
inscriptions that are verses from the Koran
and messages from the Sultans. .
The stone brackets are decorated with
honeycomb design, more
conspicuously in the first storey.
20. A CLOSE STUDY
MATERIALS:
The first three stories are made of
sandstone and the next two of marble
and sandstone.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq added marble to
the top storey.
The Minar is in fact believed to have
been built to aid the Muezzin of the
mosque for prayer calls.
24. RESTORATION
On 1st
August 1803, the
old cupola was thown down due to
Earthquake.
After 2 years, repairing
of the structure began and completed
in1828 by Major Smith. His work on the
doorway has been criticized because of
being gothic and different from the minar.
The materials used are proper.
TODAY: Restoration work is carried out
during the nights also, when needed.
After a series of accidents in the early
1980’s, visitors are no longer allowed to
climb the Qutub minar.
25. QUWWAT-UL-ISLAM MASJID
To mark his victory over Rai
Pithora, Qutub-ud-Din Aibak
built the Quwwat-ul-Islam
Masjid (Might of Islam) in
1192 which was completed in
1198.
It is the earliest extant
mosque in India, having a
rectangular court.
The court is enclosed by
cloisters which were erected
with carved columns and
other architectural members
from the 27 Hindu and Jain
temples, which were later
demolished.
27. THE wALLS AND PILLARS ARE
HAvINg
INTRINSIC HINDU ARCHITECTURAL
MOTIFS.
28. Pillars of the mosque: “as a whole, a confused and somewhat incongruous
improvisation”. (Percy Brown)
29. ALAI DARWAZA
It has intricate carvings in red
sandstone and marble.
It has red stone jali screens.
It is the southern gateway of the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque, and is a gem
of Islamic architecture in India.
It was built by Alla-ud-din Khilji in 1311.
It is 17.2m square and pierced by arched openings that echo the
contours of the covering dome.
The arch to the north is semicircular while the others are of pointed
horse shoe shape.
30. FACADE OF ALAI DARWAZA
The arched entrances and jalis are
decorated by fringes of lotus buds.
33. IRON PILLAR
The Iron Pillar dates back to the
4th century BC.
It bears inscriptions that dedicate
it as a flagstaff to honor the Hindu
god Vishnu and in memory of
Gupta king Chandragupta II (375-
413 AD).
The pillar is a symbol of the
progress of metallurgy in ancient
India.
It is made of 98 percent wrought
iron and has survived 1,600 years
without rusting.
34. The pillar was cast in its present
form not forged.
Length 7.2m of which 93 cm is
underground.
Its Diameter is 0.41 m.
Garuda idol at top missing.
35. ILTUTMISH TOMB
It is located in the complex Tomb,
northwest to the Iron Pillar.
Iltutmish died in 1236, but had his
tomb built a year earlier in 1235.
It is made of red sand stone, situated
northwest of the minaret.
It is a landmark in Indo-Islamic
architecture.
It is believed to have had a dome
which was later damaged.
There are 3 entrances on all 3 sides,
but the west, which was for the
mihrabs.
36. ILTUTMISH TOMB
It is a simple square chamber,
covered originally by a circular dome
that was carried on a form of squinch
arch.
Dome was constructed using
concentric rings, but Hindu artisans
couldn’t make it last long.
Inside is decorated and elaborated
with Quranic verses.
Marble is used in mehrab and
cenotaph.
39. ALAI MINAR
Ala-ud-Din wanted to build a
second tower of victory twice
as high as Qutab Minar but
when he died the tower had
reached only 24.5 meters and
later no one was
willing to continue his over
ambitious project.
It stands to the north of the
Qutab Minar and the mosque
.It was to have ramps instead
of stairs.
Windows are at regular
quadrant heights, for a gradual
ramp to be made.
41. ALAUDDIN’S MADRASSA
It is located in south west of the
mosque.
It is built around a
quadrangular court entered on the
North through a triple gateway.
Alauddin constructed this
madrassa,but few historians say
that it was Iltutmush who made it.
ALAUDDIN’S TOMB
It is on the south side of the court.
It is a square structure with no dome now.
There are only remains of a boldly projecting portico.
It was combined to the madrassa, probably a Saljuqian
tradition-being its first appearance in India.
42. IMAM ZAMIN’S TOMB
This tomb was made in the memory of
Mohammad Ali, imam zamin.
Its on the east of alai darwaza.
Its 7.3m square.
It is surmounted by a sandstone dome rising from
an octagonal drum, the lodhi style.
It is decorated with double row of kangooras and
marble panelling above the chajja.
The tomb has no integral connection with the
Qutub group.
43. SCREEN OF ARCHES
IT IS AN EXPANSIVE SCREEN OF ARCHES WAS ADDED ACROSS
THE ENTIRE FRONT OF THE SANCTUARY TO GIVE MOSQUE
APPEARANCE.
IT FORMED INTO A GREAT WALL OF MASONRY OVER 15 M IN
HT. AT THE CENTRE,ITS WIDTH IS 33 MT.&ITS THICKNESS OF
2.6MT.
IT HAS 5 ARCHED OPENINGS CONSISTING OF LARGER ONE IN
THE CENTRE & TWO LESSER ARCHES ON EITHER SIDE.
