The water problems and its solutions

1. ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
REPORT WRITING
The solutions of water pollution problems have been highlighted under the case study
of Pakistan. The reasons, vulnerability, facts and the results have been discussed.
10/31/2019

2. Page 1 of 10
Submitted to
MS Capt. ® Zaira Tahir
(Lecturer)
Department of City and Regional Planning
School of Architecture and Planning
University of Management and Technology, Lahore
Spring, 2019

3. Page 2 of 10
Declaration
I hereby, declare that this project is the outcome of my own efforts and has not been
published anywhere else before. The matter quoted in this text has been properly
referenced and acknowledged.
GROUP WORK
Asra Hafeez Abdul Wahab Baig
Wahaj Mehmood Muhammad Ali Babar
Zaigham Ali

4. Page 3 of 10
Acknowledgments
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my Environmental
Engineering miss “Miss Capt. ® Zaira Tahir” for their able guidance and support in
completing our project.
DATE Environmental Engineering
31/10/2019 GROUP 4

5. Page 4 of 10
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 VULNERABLE PAKISTAN .............................................................................................5
2 ROLE OF PCRWR.............................................................................................................5
3 REASONS FOR WATER SCARCITY ..............................................................................6
4 SHOCKING FACTS..........................................................................................................6
5 WATER SOLUTION.........................................................................................................7
6 RECOMMENDATION.....................................................................................................8
7 CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................8
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Lack in the pure water .............................................................................................5
Figure 2: World Wide Water Risk...........................................................................................6
Figure 3: Water Stress Country Wide .....................................................................................7
Figure 4: Info Graph of Water Stressed Countries ................................................................9
ACRONYMES
PCRWR (Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources)
IMF (International Monetary Fund)

6. Page 5 of 10
“SOLUTIONS OF WATER POLLUTION PROBLEMS”
1 VULNERABLE PAKISTAN
Pakistan is the most vulnerable country due to water scarcity. According to the United
Nations, nearly 1.8 billion people will live in the region of “absolute water scarcity” by
the end of 2025. According to a recent report by the International Monetary Fund (IMF),
Pakistan ranks third in the world among countries facing acute water shortage.
Figure 1: Lack in the pure water
2 ROLE OF PCRWR
Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) was established in 1964 and
working is a body corporate vides PCRWR Act 2007 under Ministry of Science and
Technology (Most). The management of the Council consists of the Board of Governors,
the Chairman and the Executive Committee.

7. Page 6 of 10
3 REASONS FOR WATER SCARCITY
Some of the reasons of water scarcity are the followings:
 Climate change
 Water politics
 Waste of water
 A water-intensive country
 No law implementation
 Droughts
4 SHOCKING FACTS
 According to the IMF, Pakistan's per capita annual water availability is 1,017
cubic meters perilously close to the scarcity threshold of 1,000 cubic meters.
 Back in 2009, Pakistan's water availability was about 1,500 cubic meters.
 Karachi’s civic agency for water and sanitation estimates the city’s fresh water
demand at 1100 mgd. The supply gets capped at around 480 mgd. To meet the
shortfall of over 50%, there are groups running illegal hydrants.
Figure 2: World Wide Water Risk

8. Page 7 of 10
Figure 3: Water Stress Country Wide
5 WATER SOLUTION
• Rainwater Harvesting: Custom systems & DIY products to collect rainwater for
irrigation, potable, & detention purposes.
• Graywater Reuse: Rethink the water use cycle… Reuse water from your showers
and clothes washers.
• Innovative Drainage Solutions
• Large pit wholes for collecting Water
• Built more Dams
• Change user behavior
• Inspecting and installing better quality of pipes and hoses
• Building proper water channels
• Optimizing water management practices to improve water productivity in
irrigated/rain fed areas of Pakistan.
• Designing and adaptation of innovative irrigation techniques for enhancing
agricultural production

9. Page 8 of 10
• Development and evaluation of water management interventions for
groundwater/low quality water management to sustain crop production
6 RECOMMENDATION
 Food and fiber is the pressing need of every one, therefore proper management
of water resources is necessary.
 Statistics of yearly water budget will help in effective planning of water
resources.
 A one century old irrigation system is now posing the serious problem of water
wastage through seepage; it requires proper rehabilitation at required level.
 The water users are awarded properly about the importance, availability and
effective use of water through social mobilization.
 Institutional management, effective planning and wise use of water are the
requirement of time.
 Furrow as method of cultivation and trickle as method of irrigation be
implemented effectively.
 Water rights, rules and policies are framed to control wicked problems like
tampering of modules, water theft and pilferage etc.
 Instead of land tax, now Tax is fixed on water quantity.
7 CONCLUSION
As Pakistan is facing one of the major threats, some swift actions must be taken
including the implementation of Law and order. There is a dire need to update our
primitive irrigation system as Pakistan economy is dependent upon agriculture and it
consumes a huge amount of water. Unless we manage it, our economy will crumble.

10. Page 9 of 10
Figure 4: Info Graph of Water Stressed Countries

11. Page 10 of 10