This presentation we presented in CKT College, Mumbai and we won first prize

1. Landfill Gas as a
Source of Fuel
Avick Sil,
Kanchan Wakadikar, Sunil Kumar and
Rakesh Kumar
avick1411@gmail.com (Avick Sil);
wakdikarkanchan@rediffmail.com (Kanchan Wakadikar)
National Environmental Earth Quest
Engineering Research Institute
(NEERI)

2. Solid Waste Status - Indian Scenario
Waste Generation Transportation Landfilling: Open
Collection (Outdated Dumping
Vehicles)
No Segregation
Air
Odor Soil
Ground Water

3. Know about Mumbai’s Solid Waste
Solid waste Generation
MSW Generation (tonnes) Year
5320 2001 (1)
7026 2006 (2)
8500 2009 (3) Physical Characteristics
Waste Type Detail Quantity (%) Total (%)
Total Compostable 55.25 55.25
Paper 8.85
Plastic 10.30
Recyclables 20.50
Glass 0.92
Metal 0.44
Inerts 14.42
Rubber& Leather 1.51
Rags 4.24
Other Including Inerts 24.25
Wooden Matter 0.87
Coconut 3.30
Bones 0.20
Total 100 100
1. CPCB, 2006. Waste generation and composition of different cities in India, Central Pollution Control Board, India.
2. BCPT, 2007. Solid waste management of Mumbai, Bombay Community Public Trust (BCPT), Mumbai.
3. Sil A, Wakadikar K, Kumar S, Kumar R, 2010. Driving Characteristics of Waste Transportation Vehicles and their Effect
on Emission Load: A Case Study of Mumbai, India, Waste Management, Accepted Manuscript and Unpublished Results.

4. Landfill Sites of Mumbai
Data Site
Deonar Mulund Gorai
Type of Landfill Open Dump Open Dump Open Dump
Landfill Size 132.1 Ha 25 Ha 19.6 Ha
Waste in place 7.88 Million 0.94 Million 1.76 Million
(as on Jan 2006) Metric Tonnes Metric Tonnes Metric Tonnes
Designed Landfill capacity Not Designed Not Designed Not Designed
Waste Depth 5-7 m 3.6 m 10.2 m (Nov
2005)
Year filling began 1927 1968 1972
Year landfill was closed or will close Partial closure Not yet Planned Closed
in 2008-09
Quantity of waste collected per day 5000 MT+1000 400 MT+100 MT 2000 MT with
MT of C & D of C & D mixed waste
Quantity of waste accepted annually 1,496,500 MT 2,266,000 MT 438,000 MT
Quantity of waste generated per 0.4 - 0.5 kg 0.4 - 0.5 kg 0.4 - 0.5 kg
capita

5. Methodology for Methane
Quantification
Where Qt = expected gas generation rate in the tth year, m3/yr;
Lo = methane generation potential, m3/yr;
mo= constant or average annual solid waste acceptance rate, Mg/yr;
k = methane generation rate constant, yr-1;
t = age of the landfill, yr;
ta = total years of active period of the landfill, yr
Parameter Range Suggested Values
Lo (m3/Mg) 0 ~ 310 140 ~ 180
Wet Climate: 0.10 ~ 0.35
0.003 ~
k (yr-1) Medium Moisture Climate: 0.05 ~ 0.15
0.40
Dry Climate: 0.02 ~ 0.10

6. Results…………….
.
Component Composition
Methane 70-90%
Ethane
Propane 0-20%
Butane
Carbon Dioxide 0-8%
Oxygen 0-0.2%
Nitrogen 0-5%
Hydrogen 0-5%
sulphide
Rare gases (A, He, Trace
Ne, Xe)

7. What's
Next………..
Scenario Description
Landfill Management Options
Scenario 1: Do Nothing
Scenario 2: Cap the Capping the landfill and installing a gas collection
landfill and flare it system before flaring the LFG (controlled combustion)
Scenario 3: Flare from It does not require the additional cost of capping
an active landfill
Landfill Gas To Other Options
Scenario 4: Convert the The conversion of LFG to CNG
LFG to CNG as fuel
Scenario 5: Convert the This would cater only to areas near the landfill.
LFG to pipeline grade
natural gas
Scenario 6: Convert the This is another good option for electricity starved
LFG to electricity country like India

8. Primary Energy Consumption
Million tonnes
Country Oil Natural Coal Nuclear Hydro Total
Gas Energy electric
USA 914.3 566.8 573.9 181.9 60.9 2297.8
Canada 96.4 78.7 31.0 16.8 68.6 291.4
France 94.2 39.4 12.4 99.8 14.8 260.6
Russian Federation 124.7 365.2 111.3 34.0 35.6 670.8
United Kingdom 76.8 85.7 39.1 20.1 1.3 223.2
China 275.2 29.5 799.7 9.8 64.0 1178.3
India 113.3 27.1 185.3 4.1 15.6 345.3
Japan 248.7 68.9 112.2 52.2 22.8 504.8
Malaysia 23.9 25.6 3.2 - 1.7 54.4
Pakistan 17.0 19.0 2.7 0.4 5.6 44.8
Singapore 34.1 4.8 - - - 38.9

9. Why CNG
Composition of CNG Methane
Ethane
Nitrogen
Characteristics:
Carbon Dioxide
Propnae Mainly made up of Methane
n-Butane
isobutane
High calorific value and heat
n-Hexane
yield
Isopentane Environmentally clean alternative
n-Pentane to fossil fuels
Oxygen
Economic benefit: Petrol- Rs. 55.91/-, Diesel- Rs.41.86/-, CNG- Rs. 31.47/-,
LPG- Rs. 33.23/-
Environment friendly: Lower Nox, PM, CO(90%) & HC(40%) emissions

10. What We Get
Scenario Gorai Deonar Mulund
Return Return Return
(%) (%) (%)
Landfill Management Options
1: DoNothing N/A N/A N/A
2: Cap the LFG and Flare -31% -30% 42%
3: Flare the LFG from an Active -16% -48% 49%
Landfill
Landfill Gas to Other Options
4: Convert LFG to CNG for use -33% 1% 54%
as a Transportation Fuel
5: Convert to pipeline Gas -51% -33% 6%
6: Convert Electricity -29% -40% -9%

11. avick1411@gmail.com (Avick Sil);
wakdikarkanchan@rediffmail.com (Kanchan Wakadikar)
Wake Up
The opportunity is
waiting
For more details:
http://www.methanetomarkets.org/Data/218_India_Landfill_Report_-111309.pdf

12. How to Go
Initial Cost About
Landfill capping costs
CNG conversion facility cost
Pipeline natural gas facility cost
Electricity plant costs
Flaring system costs
System and landfill operational costs
Truck fleet operational and replacement Outcome cost
Costs of emissions Diesel fuel savings
Earnings from sale of natural gas
Earnings from sale of electricity
Carbon credit earnings
Emissions reductions