Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
Direct and indirect (Sindh University)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Concept of Speeches
She said to me,؛؛he is calling you.”
REPOTTING SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
• If reporting speech in present tense then reported
speech cannot be changed.
• If reporting speech in past tense then reported
speech can be changed
11. F) Adverbs of time and place and some words
Direct
Speech
Reported
Speech
Direct
Speech
Reported
Speech
Here There The day before
yesterday
Two days before
This That Three days ago Three days before
These Those Last year The year before
Now Then Tomorrow The next day
Today That day The day after
tomorrow
In two day’s time
This week That week Come Go
Yesterday The day before Bring Take
Direct Speech to Indirect Speech
12. Example-1
• After reporting verbs
E.g. I am happy.
He says (that) he is happy.
He has said (that) he is happy.
He will say (that) he is happy.
14. Example-3
• Eternal truth
E.g. The boy said, ‘The earth goes round the
sun.’
The boy said that the earth goes round the
sun.
15. E) verbs are not changed in the
usual way:
1. universal truth
2. definite past time
3. For MUST,
i) Remain unchanged if used to denote an
obligation
ii) Changed to WOULD HAVE TO if used to
express a necessity in the future
4. HAVE HAD and HAD is changed to HAD HAD.
Direct Speechto Indirect Speech
16. TO be Verbs
• Using relative pronoun ‘that’
but it can be omitted.
E.g. He said, ‘I am tired.’
He said (that) he was tired.
17. Concept of TOLD
• NB—SAID TO is usually
changed to TOLD in reported
speech.
E.g. He said to her, ‘I am tired.’
He told her that he was tired.
18. (CLASS 1st)
Exercise :
Change the voice of following sentences:
1. He ate food.
2. Roads have been repaired.
3. She will have written a letter.
4. She is helped by Ali.
5. He has given me a pen.
6. open the door.
7. She will be eating food.
19. (CLASS 2nd)
Exercise :
Change the Narration of following sentences:
1. He said to her, “You were not fine yesterday.”
2. She said to us, “She will come tomorrow here.”
3. He says to me that Ali is calling me now.
4. You told me that you had not taken my book last
night.
5. Ali told to him, “I am working hard these days.”
