SA101

2.  Evidenced based practice (EBP) is a term and concept that is used in the field to
signify practices that have been studied and peer reviewed. EBP shows that the
treatment has values and this has been proven to be reliable as well as valid.
 Insurance companies want to see EBP being used as they are generally time
limited and proven.
 EBP are often manualized or scripted and it is important to give fidelity to these
practices as they have been proven.

3.  Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychological treatment that has been
demonstrated to be effective for a range of problems including depression, anxiety
disorders, alcohol and drug use problems, marital problems, eating disorders and
severe mental illness. Numerous research studies suggest that CBT leads to
significant improvement in functioning and quality of life. In many studies, CBT has
been demonstrated to be as effective as, or more effective than, other forms of
psychological therapy or psychiatric medications. Developed by Albert Beck, PhD.
 CBT is based on several core principles, including:
1.Psychological problems are based, in part, on faulty or unhelpful ways of thinking.
2.Psychological problems are based, in part, on learned patterns of unhelpful behavior.
3.People suffering from psychological problems can learn better ways of coping with
them, thereby relieving their symptoms and becoming more effective in their lives.

4.  CBT treatment usually involves efforts to change thinking patterns. These strategies might
include:
• Learning to recognize one's distortions in thinking that are creating problems, and then to
reevaluate them in light of reality.
• Gaining a better understanding of the behavior and motivation of others.
• Using problem-solving skills to cope with difficult situations.
• Learning to develop a greater sense of confidence is one's own abilities.
 CBT treatment also usually involves efforts to change behavioral patterns. These
strategies might include:
• Facing one's fears instead of avoiding them.
• Using role playing to prepare for potentially problematic interactions with others.
• Learning to calm one's mind and relax one's body.

5.  MI is a collaborative, goal-oriented style of communication with particular attention to
the language of change. It is designed to strengthen personal motivation for and
commitment to a specific goal by eliciting and exploring the person’s own reasons for
change within an atmosphere of acceptance and compassion.
 Key qualities include:
• MI is a guiding style of communication, that sits between following (good listening)
and directing (giving information and advice).
• MI is designed to empower people to change by drawing out their own meaning,
importance and capacity for change.
• MI is based on a respectful and curious way of being with people that facilitates the
natural process of change and honors client autonomy.

6.  While the principles and skills of MI are useful in a wide range of conversations, MI is
particularly useful to help people examine their situation and options when any of the
following are present:
• Ambivalence is high and people are stuck in mixed feelings about change
• Confidence is low and people doubt their abilities to change
• Desire is low and people are uncertain about whether they want to make a change
• Importance is low and the benefits of change and disadvantages of the current
situation are unclear.

7. • MI has core skills of OARS, attending to the language of change and the artful exchange of
information: Open questions draw out and explore the person’s experiences, perspectives, and
ideas. Evocative questions guide the client to reflect on how change may be meaningful or possible.
Information is often offered within a structure of open questions (Elicit-Provide-Elicit) that first
explores what the person already knows, then seeks permission to offer what the practitioner knows
and then explores the person’s response.
• Affirmation of strengths, efforts, and past successes help to build the person’s hope and confidence
in their ability to change.
• Reflections are based on careful listening and trying to understand what the person is saying, by
repeating, rephrasing or offering a deeper guess about what the person is trying to communicate.
This is a foundational skill of MI and how we express empathy.
• Summarizing ensures shared understanding and reinforces key points made by the client.
• Attending to the language of change identifies what is being said against change (sustain talk) and
in favor of change (change talk) and, where appropriate, encouraging a movement away from sustain
talk toward change talk.

8.  The strengths perspective and strengths-based approaches offer service providers
ways of working that focus on strengths, abilities and potential rather than problems,
deficits and pathologies.
 The following are important principles of the strength's perspective:
People are recognised as having many strengths and the capacity to continue to learn,
grow and change.
The focus of intervention is on the strengths and aspirations of the people we work
with.
 Problems are seen as the result of interactions between individuals, organisations or
structures rather than deficits within individuals, organisations or structures.

9.  STOP Technique –
 Stop what you’re doing; put things down for a minute.
 Take a few deep breaths. If you’d like to extend this, you can take a minute to
breathe normally and naturally and follow your breath coming in and out of your
nose.
 Observe your experience just as it is—including thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
You can reflect about what is on your mind and also notice that thoughts are not
facts, and they are not permanent. Notice any emotions present and how they’re
being expressed in the body.
 Proceed with something that will support you in the moment: talk to a friend, rub
your shoulders, have a cup of tea. Treat this whole exercise as an experiment: Get
curious about where there are opportunities in the day for you to just STOP.

10.  Deep Breathing – Breathe in 4, hold 4, release 6. Fill the belly like a balloon. Increases
O2 in the brain and decreased Carbon in the body – the less Carbon, the less anxiety
that your body can hold onto.
 Some people combine colors with this as well as breathing in certain words and
exhaling certain words.
 What is Grounding? Grounding is a set of simple strategies that can help you detach
from emotional pain (e.g., anxiety, anger, sadness, self-harm). It is basically a way to
distract yourself by focusing on something other than the difficult emotions you are
experiencing. You may also think of grounding as centering, distracting, creating a
safe place, or healthy detachment. Although grounding does not solve the problem that
is contributing to your unpleasant emotions, it does provide a temporary way to gain
control over your feelings and prevent things from getting worse. Grounding anchors
you, gives you a chance to calm down, and allows you to eventually return and address
the problem that is triggering the unpleasant emotions to begin with. And grounding
can be done anytime, anywhere, and no one has to know.

11.  Mental Grounding: Describe your environment in detail, using all of your senses
– for example, “The walls are white, there are five blue chairs, there is a wooden
bookshelf against the wall…” Describe objects, sounds, textures, colors, smells,
shapes, numbers, and temperature. You can do this anywhere.
 Physical Grounding: Run cool or warm water over your hands. 2. Grab tightly
onto your chair as hard as you can; notice the sensations and the experience. 3.
Touch various objects around you: a pen, your clothing, the table, the walls. Notice
textures, colors, weight, temperature. Compare the objects you touch.
 Soothing Grounding: Say kind statements, as if you were talking to a friend or
small child – for example, “You are a good person going through a hard time. You’ll
get through this.” 2. Think of favorites. Think of your favorite color, animal,
season, food, time of day, TV show. 3. Picture people you care about and look at
photographs of them.

12.  Coping skills help with:
 What is craving? Craving is an overwhelming emotional experience that takes
over your body and produces a unique motivator of behavior - wanting and
seeking a drug. Wise (1988) describes craving as the memory of the positively
rewarding effects of drugs. The addicted brain has an excellent memory for the
drugs it has learned to love. For every addict, the memory is formed in the first
hit. This explains why craving may occur even years after the last drug dose.
 Getting to know who you are
 Stress
 Anxiety
 Depression