Augmented-Reality Games like Pokémon Go, Ingress or Clandestine Anomaly engage millions of people to go outside and to carry out specific activities. Inspired by these approaches, we asked ourselves how this potential of games could be used to solve real problems - such as the search for parking spaces. This presentation provides an introduction to gamified location-based crowdsourcing, examines key motivation mechanisms of such approaches, and shows how we have developed an app that motivates people to create an interactive map with parking information. The presentation was given at Bizplay 2017 in Karlsruhe.

1. HOW TO MOVE THE CROWD
USING GAMIFICATION?
BENEDIKT MORSCHHEUSER
BIZPLAY, KARLSRUHE 09/28/2017

2. Benedikt Morschheuser
Gamification Researcher
Robert Bosch GmbH
Corporate Research
Human Machine Interaction / Human Factors
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Information Systems and Service Design
Prof. Alexander Mädche
Tampere University of Technology
Gamification Research Group
Prof. Juho Hamari

3. How to gamify? A method for designing gamification (2017)
How games induce cooperation? A study on the relationship between game features and we-intentions in an augmented reality game (2017)
Designing cooperative gamification: Conceptualization and prototypical implementation (2017)
Cooperation or competition - when do people contribute more? A field experiment on gamification of crowdsourcing (in review)
Increasing intranet usage through gamification - Insights from an experiment in the banking industry (2015)
Interaction and reflection with Quantified Self and gamification: An experimental study (2014)
Gamified crowdsourcing: Conceptualization, literature review, and future agenda (2017)

4. Community-based Parking

5. [ ? ]
5€

6. https://www.flickr.com/photos/ludilex/27958598503/ (CC BY 2.0) Luis Hernández

7. https://www.flickr.com/photos/148525563@N02/30503663936/ (CC BY 2.0) Paintimpact
Downloaded over 500 million
times worldwide (Sep. 2016)
8.7 billion kilometers walked
(July 2016 - Dec. 2016)
= 200,000 x around the earth or
the distance from earth to Pluto
5 million active users per day
28.5 million at the peak

8. Morschheuser et al. 2016, 2017 - Gamified Crowdsourcing: Conceptualization, Literature Review, and Future Agenda
https://www.flickr.com/photos/robertotaddeo/6965272049/ (CC By 2.0) Roberto Taddeo
Perhaps gamified crowdsourcing can be used
to create a map of on-street parking!

9. 28%
26%13%
9%
6%
2%
4%
5%
4% 3%
points / score
leaderboards / rankings
badges / achievements
levels
progress
missions
rewards
feedback
storytelling
virtual territories
Cooperative
19%
Individualistic
10%
Not clear
8%
Competition
63%
Literature review of 110 scientific studies
„ Gamified crowdsourcing seems to work in the majority of configurations
„ Positive effects on motivation of crowdsourcees, participation and output quality
gamification
75%
gamification +
financial
rewards
25%
Morschheuser et al. 2016, 2017 - Gamified Crowdsourcing: Conceptualization, Literature Review, and Future Agenda
Gamified crowdsourcing systems

10. Gamified crowdsourcing systems
Gamified crowdsourcing
approach for real-time
traffic information
Avatars, points, levels
and leaderboards
Avatar costume shows
the reputation
User can see other
users on the map

11. [ I D E A L I S M ]
[ U T I L I T Y ][ C R O W D S O U R C I N G ]
[ G A M E P L A Y ]
5€

12. • Development of a gamification
crowdsourcing app (iOS / Android)
• Team of seven students from
University of Mannheim and the
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
• Agile, scrum-based project
• Ionic, AngularJS, Apache Cordova
• Python, Geoserver.org, PostgreSQL
ParKing
Morschheuser et al. 2017 - How to gamify? A method for designing gamification

13. ParKing

14. Cooperative Competition Intergroup-Competition
ParKing

15. 3-month field experiment across Germany; 372 people reported 6970 parking conditions
Morschheuser et al. (in review) – Cooperation or Competition – When do people contribute more? A field experiment on gamification of crowdsourcing
ParKing

16. „ Developing a multiplayer, location-based, augmented, gamified crowdsourcing app is complex
„ Intrinsic motivation and crowdsourcing participation is highest in inter-team competitions
„ Implement cooperative instead of competitive approaches to increase word-of-mouth
„ Participation follows the 1-9-90 rule; Carefully consider these different target groups
„ People love to customize avatars and to loot
„ Create mechanisms that reward quality
„ Be aware of the novelty effect and altruism
„ Involve users and test ideas frequently
„ Have a vision and clear goals
ParKing