13. Definition of Communication
Is the exchange of thoughts, feelings, expressions and
observations among people.
It can be verbal or non-verbal.
14. Nature of Communication
Communication is a process
Communication occurs between two or more people
Communication can be expressed through written or
spoken words, actions (nonverbal), or both spoken words
and nonverbal actions at the same
15. Elements of Communication
Communication is divide into elements which helps us
better understand its mechanics and process. These
elements are the following.
Sender
Message
Channel
Noise
Receiver
Feedback
Situation
16. • Sender (or the speaker)
Is the person who conveys or sends the
message, oral or written.
17. • MESSAGE
Is whatever the sender
communicates to the receiver or
the information received by the
receiver from the sender.
18. • channel
Is the medium or means through which the
message is being transmitted.
19. • Noise or the interference
Interferes the message from being understood or interpreted.
Internal interference
External interfernece
20. • Receiver or listener
The person who listens and interpret the
message.
21. • Feedback
Is the receiver’s message the he or she sends to the
source inresponse to the sender’s message.
22. • Situation OR CONTEXT
The time and place in which communication
occurs and attitudes of the sender and receiver..
23. Processof Communication
The speaker generates an idea.
The speaker encodes an idea or converts
the idea into words or actions
The speaker transmits or sends out a
message.
The receiver gets the message.
The receiver decodes or interprets the
message based on the context.
The receiver sends or provides feedback.
24. Example Daphne loves Rico, her suitor, as a friend.
She thinks of how to tell him using their native
language.
She tells him, “Rico, mahal kita bilang kaibigan.”
Rico hear what Daphne says.
He tries to analyze what she means based on the content
and their relationship, and he is heartbroken.
He frown and does not say something, because
he is in pain.
25. Activity 1 : INDIVIDUAL OUTPUT
In a short bond paper,
provide two real life
situations showing how the
communication process
works.
26. Activity 2 : PAIR OUTPUTPerform the communication process using an actual telephone or pretend to be using one. Follow the
procedure below to perform the task properly.
The caller should not hang up if the phone is not answered after two-three rings. Give the chance for
the other party to reach the phone
Answer promptly with a pleasant voice.
The person answering the phone identifies himself and his department or company.
The caller begins by greeting before asking for the person who wishes to speak with. Then, later
he/she gives his/her name when asked.
If a caller must wait for some information, he is asked: “would you mind waiting?”. He should also be
thanked for waiting.
End a telephone conversation on a friendly note.
27. Suggested situations for the activity:
Make an appointment to interview a professional or authority.
Call a friend and plan with him/her a reunion of your grade school batch.
Report to a city official or a police a commotion you observed at your neighbour’s house.
Ask a classmate about the assignments and lectures you missed in class due to your illness.
Order a set of food for a family occasion at a nearby restaurant which offers free delivery.
Situation:___________________________________________________________________________________
Caller:______________________________________________________________________________________
Receiver:____________________________________________________________________________________
Caller:______________________________________________________________________________________
Receiver:____________________________________________________________________________________
Caller:______________________________________________________________________________________
Receiver:____________________________________________________________________________________
Caller:______________________________________________________________________________________
28.
29.
30. Refers to the conceptual model used to explain the
human communication process.
Communication is the process of sending and
receiving messages or transferring information from
one part (sender) to another (receiver).
31. A. Linear Communication Model
Lasswell’s Model
Shannon & Weaver’s Model
B. Interactional Model
Scharmm’s Model
C. Transactional Model
D. Gatekeeper Model
32.
33. Lasswell's communication model was developed by
communication theorist Harold D. Lasswell in 1948. It is a one way model
of communication, in which only the communicator is the active
participant.
Who
(said) What
In what
channel
To whom
With
what
effect
34. Shannon-Weaver’s Model of Communication
Information
Source
Message
Receiver Destination
Noise Source
Signal Received
Signal
Transmitter
Message
the mother of all communication models, depicts
communication as a linear or one-way process
consisting of five elements: the information source,
destination, transmitter, receiver, and signals. This mode
introduces the idea of noise – secondary signals that
hinder the transmission of message.
35.
36. Scharmm’s Interactive Model
The communicator and the recipient take turns to speak and to listen to each other.
The key element in the model is feedback: the reaction to a message. Through
feedback the communicator and the recipient can clarify and develop ideas in their
conversation.
Message
Feedback
Decoder
Source
Encoder
Encoder
Source
Decoder
37. Considers the situation and face-to-face communication that includes
personal and professional background of the participants.
Three implications:
1. Participation is continuous and simultaneous.
2. Each element of the transactional process exists in relation
to the other elements.
3. All communicators play roles.
38. Sender / Encoder Receiver / Decoder
Receiver / EncoderSender / Decoder
Message
Feedback
Channel
Field
Of
Experience
Context
Field
Of
Experience
Noise
Noise
39. Represents Mass Communication, focuses on the role of intermediaries or
gatekeepers in the communication process.
Editors, moderators, aggregators
(TV,radio,internet,newspapers)
41. Uses spoken language to communicate a
message or information. It involves the
production of sounds, words, phrases, and
sentences through speech.
Verbal Communication
49. The following skills are required for effective verbal
communication:
1. Volume – refers to the loudness of your voice.
2. Enunciation and pronunciation – refers to the proper pronunciation of
the sounds on a word or the blending of sounds to produce a word.
3. Pitch – refers to the frequency of your voice
4. Stress – refers to emphasis on a certain word.
5. Phrasing – refers to how you group the words in a sentence.
6. Speed – refer to how quickly you speak.
50. Nonverbal Communication
- Refers to the conscious or subconscious
transmission and reception of messages of
information using the body.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59. GROUP OUTPUT
Practice phonology with a small group.
You take turns in reading the poem
aloud observing correct pronunciation
and articulation. Give your individual
comments afterwards. You may check
the dictionary to know the proper
pronuncuiation.
60. GROUP OUTPUT: SILENT PLAY
1. Silent plays tell a story without words. It is important to start the scene with a
person doing an obvious task, like cleaning the house or rowing a boat.
2. This scene is interrupted when a second actor (or several actors) enters the
scene. The appearance of the new actor/s has a big impact. Remember that the
new characters could be animals burglars, children, salesmen, etc.
3. A physical commotion takes place.
4. The problem is resolved
5. The acing groups will perform the script(s) while the rest of the class sits back
and enjoys the show.
6. After each silent play, the audience should guess the story, including the
conflict and resolution.
64. Individual Output: SONA
Watch the 2019 SONA of President Rodrigo Duterte on
July 22, 2019 Monday.
Get exact lines or topic he stated.
Write it in a short bond paper. With border.
Prepare yourself to read it in front of the class
66. What is BARRIER?
Something that makes it difficult for
people to understand each other.
- (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
67. What is EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION?
Is a communication between two or more
persons wherein the intended message is
successfully delivered, received and understood.
- Business Jargons
68. Barriers to Effective Communication
COMMUNICATION
BREAKDOWN
- a failure to exchange
information.
69. Kaul (2000) classifies two types of
communication barriers:
Sender-Oriented Barriers
Receiver-Oriented Barriers
70. The following barriers may be blamed to the sender of
the message.
1.Poor Structure of message
2. Noise
3. Faulty choice of words
4. Inappropriate quantity of information
71. The receiver-oriented barriers include the
following:
1.Poor retention of ideas
2.Inattentive listening
3.Tendency to evaluate
72. Some barriers that may cause
breakdown in communication:
Process Barriers - shows that one of
the elements in the communication blocks
the flow of messages.
Physical Barriers – include
distracting sounds and noise.
73. Semantic Barriers – refer to
problems arising from the expression or
transmission of meaning.
Psychosocial Barriers – can be
one’s status and perception. Also
includes mental health, attitudes and
opinions.
74. Strategies to avoid
communication barriers
1.Use appropriate language.
2.Be open.
3.Make the delivery of the message
clear.
4.Send consistent signals.
5.Reduce physical distractions.
6.Give and accept feedback.
75. 1. Barking dogs
2. Limited vocabulary
3. No job experience
4. Paranoia
5. Sickness
6. No boyfriend since birth
7. No audience
8. Negative comments on facebook
9. Static microphone
10. Corrupt political image
11. Stress
12. Hifalutin words
13. Racial discrimination
14. Hot Environment
15. Sound system malfunction
Individual Output: Short Quiz (1/4)
Here are some examples of communication barriers. Classify them by naming the specific barrier
(Process barriers; Physical barriers; Semantic barriers; and Psychosocial barriers).
76. Individual Output:
Practice the strategies to avoid
communication breakdown in simulating a
question and answer portion of a pageant.
86. Refers to how people
feel and think about
themselves as they
age.
87. - Is the rank assigned by the
society to its members
according to their income,
titles, possessions, etc.
88. - Refers to the active or inactive
membership of a person to certain
religious organization
89. How to Conduct Intercultural
Communication Properly
1. Be conscious of your own culture.
2. Be open-minded towards other cultures.
3. Immerse yourself in the practices of other cultures.
90. Learn More
Learn more about other people’s cultures. Research on the common greetings of the groups of
people listed in the box. Aside from the language, what other actions are peculiar among them
when they meet new acquaintances? For example, do they offer their hands? Do they bow their
heads? (Print in a short bond paper.)
CULTURAL GROUP VERBAL GREETINGS NONVERBAL GESTURES
1. Filipino
2. Japanese
3. Hindu
4. American
91. Group Output
A. Promote the importance of intercultural communication. Find
a partner and visualize the importance of intercultural
communication by coming up with a slogan (like world peace,
stop global warming, no terrorism, no smoking, etc.). Draft
your slogan. Then, finalize your advocacy on an illustration
board (1/4) so you can show and explain it to the class.
92. B. Communicate across cultures by celebrating the United Nations
Day in class. The whole class parades the flags of the different
countries in the world represented by each student (wearing a sash
of the country he/she chooses to represent). Find the following
information about your chosen country and discuss it to the whole
class.
Country :
Language :
Beliefs / Traditions / Fashion / Food
97. Buhler’s Three Functions of Communication
1. Expression – is the expression of the
speaker’s attitude towards the topic.
2. Appeal – is the intended effect on the
listener.
3. Representation – is the content or topic.
Karl Buhler
99. Jakobson’s Six Functions of Communication
1. Emotive – focuses on the sender.
2. Conative – focuses on the receiver.
3. Referential – focuses on the context (time, place,
culture).
4. Metalingual – focuses on the code (or language)
being used.
5. Phatic – focuses on the contact between the
speaker and the listener.
6. Poetic – focuses on “the message for its own sake”.
Roman Jakobson
1960
108. Halliday’s Seven Functions of the Language
1. Instrumental – Language is used to express needs.
2. Regulatory – Language is used to tell others what to do.
3. Interactional – Language is used to establish relations with
others.
4. Personal – Language is used to express insights and feelings.
5. Heuristic – Language is used to seek knowledge.
6. Imaginative – Language is used to tell stories.
7. Representational – Language is used to deliver information.
Michael Halliday
109. ORAL TEXT are often intended as signs of
written texts or literature.
It is performed and verbally
transmitted using arts and
language.
110.
111. Is one of the common forms of oral
expressions. It is usually a short saying.
113. Is characterized by the highest
degree of musicality and of other
aspects of performance.
114. Is a question in a form of a statement or even a
one-word hint for the brainteaser to be
identified by the listeners.
115. Is a story delivered by an orator or performer.
Can be in the form of:
•Myth – Story of gods
and goddesses
•Legend – story of
renowned figures in history
of people
116. •Fantasy – story of supernatural
beings (epic).
•Fable – story led by animals
117. Is a performance with
the combination of
one or more types of
oral texts.
118. Characteristics of a Good Speech
a. socially responsible
b. compelling
c. purposeful
d. analytical
e. interesting
f. audible and animated
g. excellently spoken
119. Strategies for effective Oral Communication
1. Listen actively
2. Speak precisely
3. Speak clearly
4. Speak simply
5. Speak with appropriate
pauses
6. Speak politely and friendly
7. Speak flexibly
8. Do not argue
9. Be interested
10. Be honest
120. Word puzzle
C A F E E D B A C K Z G H
S O C I A L C O N T E X T
E S M F P K L R O H X Q I
N N A M N V Y A S I Y W N
D S B E U Y S L A J U R T
E N V S V N L N H N W I E
R E U S S S I U C O K T R
U E B A P R O C E S S I A
A K T G T E V B A V L N C
S S G E U C E K Z T T G T
A L I S T E N I N G I Q I
Z T A L K I N G O I L O O
N E F D A V K Z N S K U N
C H A N N E L Y M U V C F
B S A C Z R E A D I N G H
