Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a packaged software of highly integrated applications that makes managing business operations easier. The study and analysis of data show that after completing the ERP implementation in most of the larger organizations, it is now penetrating into SMEs. The study also revealed that the Indian SMEs are using some computerized information system to reduce the cost and will switch over to some ERP to integrate it into one software which will reduce repeated data entry, decrease processing cost, increase customer satisfaction. ERP provides the necessary infrastructure that forms the operational and transactional system for a business of any size and with least effort.

1. Performance analysis & evaluation of
ERP in Indian small manufacturing
enterprises (SMEs)
Course Work Seminar-I
By
Bhagyashree Mohanta
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Registration Number:
Under the Guidance
of
Dr. Srikanta Patnaik,
Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Institute of Technical Education and Research
Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University)

2. Content
• What is ERP
• Basic Philosophy of ERP in an Enterprise
• ERP Evolution
• ERP in SMEs and it’s benefits
• Business Needs & Technology used in SME
• ERP implementation methodology
• Effects of customization in ERP
• Factors influencing ERP implementation success
• Performance evaluation of ERP
• Conclusion

3. What is ERP?
• Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a packaged software of highly
integrated applications that makes managing business operations easier.
• It is a complete package which supports every functional area of a
manufacturing unit and every aspects of an enterprise that includes the
complete product lifecycle right from, CRM, Customer/Prospect
Management, Engineering, Sales Orders, Job Estimating, Shop Orders,
Scheduling, Capacity Planning, Material Requirements Planning, Purchasing,
Receiving, Job Labour Reporting, and Quality Management.
• When first developed, ERP systems were used only for
large manufacturing companies. Today, they benefit all sizes of companies,
even those that are quite small.
• In India, it is a limitation for small manufacturing enterprises to utilize the
benefits of ERP system due to its cost of the software, cost of its
implementation and maintenance, customization process and complexity in
use and understand.

4. Generalized model of an ERP system

5. Basic Philosophy of ERP in an
Enterprise
• The term ERP was coined in 1990 by Gartner Group, but its roots date to the 1960s.
• Gideon I. Gartner is the founder of Gartner, Inc. a Stamford, Connecticut information
technology research and advisory company.
• ERP system application can be followed back for more than two decades with many
national programs in India supporting IT developments. Earlier research and
development programs like, e.g., more than 750 Program on computer integrated
manufacturing (CIM) systems, was launched in March 1995.
• Few well-known ERP systems that are available in Indian market:
• SAP ERP
• Microsoft
• Netsuite
• Oracle
• Infor
• Epicor
• IFS
• Tally

6. Continue
• The basic objective is to introduce a simple, cost effective, easily
customizable and quality ERP system, so that Indian SMEs can avail the
benefits of the ERP system.
• The ERP Business Transformation Strategy is to modernize and integrate
business processes and systems.
• The future of SMEs will empower the ERP users to access information and
provide services through an intuitive and integrated interface, and ultimately
aims to:
• Improve Service Experience
• Enhance Competitiveness
• Modernize Business Processes and Systems
• Automate Business Solutions
• Increase Operating Efficiency
• Provide Access to Standardized business Data

7. ERP Evolution

8. General Features of ERP
An ERP System is not the integration of various organization processes.
Any system has to possess few key characteristics to qualify for a true
ERP System. These features are:
• Flexibility
• Modular and open
• Comprehensive
• Beyond the company
• Best business practices

9. Benefits of ERP in SMEs
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is the business process management
software that helps small to medium sized businesses use a system of
integrated applications for managing business and automating several
business functions, such as
• Integrate the flow of information
• Streamlined Processes
• Customer Service
• Cost Savings
• Reporting
• Enhances productivity
• Maintain control & reduce operating costs
• Higher flexibility
• Increase sales and long term planning
• Improved decision-making
• Exceeding Collaboration
• Transparency

10. Business Needs & Technology
used in SME
• ERP software is needed because it can facilitate the following:
• Increase effective communication between departments
• Allow employees to access information they need from anywhere
• Streamline processes across various department
• Provide a birds eye view of a business' overall operations
• Better manage a company's finances
• These benefits lead to higher productivity, more efficient operations, and
reduced errors.
• The techniques used in ERP systems are, relational database system(RDBS),
communication protocols and user interface framework.

11. Continue

12. ERP implementation methodology
• Different phases of ERP lifecycle
1. Pre-evaluation screening
2. Package evaluation
3. Project planning phase
4. Gap analysis
5. Reengineering
6. Configuration
7. Implementation team training
8. Testing
9. End – user training
10.Going live
11.Post implementation phase

13. ERP Implementation Life Cycle

14. Effects of customization in ERP
• The software quality characteristics are directly influenced by ERP system
customization in an organization.
• As software quality depend on the ERP customization, software quality
attributes are considered as dependent variables and ERP customization
attributes are taken as independent variables.
• Some of the ERP customization variables are,
• Module customization,
• Data customization,
• Source code customization
• Some of the software quality attributes are,
• Functionality of the software,
• Reliability,
• Usability,
• Maintainability

15. Factors influencing ERP
implementation success

16. • Factor analysis attempts to identify underlying variables, or factors, that
explain the pattern of correlations within a set of observed variables.
• It is most frequently used to identify a small number of factors representing
relationships among sets of interrelated variables.
• For this reason, factor analysis is considered a statistical data reduction
technique that takes a large number of observable instances to measure an
unobservable construct.
Continue

17. • It generally requires four basic steps:
1.calculate a correlation matrix of all variables,
2.extract factors,
3.rotate factors to create a more understandable factor structure,
(Varimax is the most popular rotation method used in factor analysis. It is
an orthogonal rotation method that minimizes the number of variables that
have high loadings on each factor. The goal of rotation is to achieve simple
factor structure (i.e. high factor loadings on one factor and low loadings on
all others), which simplifies the interpretation of the factors.)
4. interpret results
Continue

18. Performance evaluation of ERP
• Performance evaluation is a key aspect of ERP implementation which can
analyze the risk factor problem.
• To determine the risk criteria different methodologies are used along with
survey analysis.
• Some of the methodologies are,
• Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making (FMCDM)
• The fuzzy extension of MCDM methods such as:
• AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process),
• TOPSIS(The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution),
• ANP(Analytic Network Process),
• VIKOR and
• DEMATEL(Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Model).

19. Conclusion
• The study and analysis of data show that after completing the ERP
implementation in most of the larger organizations, it is now penetrating into
SMEs.
• The study also revealed that the Indian SMEs are using some computerized
information system to reduce the cost and will switch over to some ERP to
integrate it into one software which will reduce repeated data entry, decrease
processing cost, increase customer satisfaction.
• ERP provides the necessary infrastructure that forms the operational and
transactional system for a business of any size and with least effort.

20. Outline of Existing Work
Year Author Publisher Work
2017 Parthasarathy et.al. Software Quality Journal
ACM digital library
• Evaluation of the effect of
ERP customization on ERP
software quality in an
organization
2016 Nandi & Kumar Journal of Enterprise
Information Management
Emerald Group Publishing
Limited
• Survey on ERP
centralization and its
implementation success in
Indian SMEs
2016 Saade & Nijher Journal of Enterprise
Information Management
Emerald Group Publishing
Limited
• studies comprise of various
critical success
factors(CSFs) which affect
the success of ERP
implementation in
enterprises
2014 Garg & Garg Journal of Enterprise
Information Management
Emerald Group Publishing
Limited
• Some of the crucial factors
influencing ERP are
analysed for retail sector.

21. Year Author Publisher Work
2011 Annamalai & Ramayah • Business Process
Management Journal
• Emerald Group Publishing
Limited
• Survey on benefits of ERP
implementation in Indian
manufacturing plants
2016 Upadhyay et al. • Journal of Enterprise
Information Management
• Emerald Group Publishing
Limited
• Studies on factors
influencing ERP implementation
in Indian micro, small and
medium-scale enterprises
2010 Kale et.al. • Journal of Manufacturing
Technology Management
• Emerald Group Publishing
Limited
• Performance evaluation of
ERP implementation in Indian
SMEs
2000 Subba Rao • Industrial Management &
Data Systems
• Emerald Group Publishing
• Survey on needs and
technologies of Enterprise
resource planning(ERP)
Continue

22. THANK YOU