Stage of India in Transition Model

1. Demographic Theories
DEMOGRAPHY AND URBANISATION
1 | P a g e
Report on
India in which stage of Demographic Transition?
Submitted to:
Prof. Ashfaque Alam
Assistant Professor- SPA-Bhopal
Submitted by:
BHUPENDRA PRATAP SINGH
2013BPLN010

2. Demographic Theories
2 | P a g e
Demographic Transition Theory:
It defines population growth in an alternating pattern of stability,
rapid growth, and then stability again. This can be divided into four
stages:
Demographic Transition Model

3. Demographic Theories
3 | P a g e
Stage 1 - High Fluctuating –
Birth Rate and Death rate are both high. Population growth is
slow and fluctuating.
Example….Uganda .
Stage 2 - Early Expanding –
Birth rate remains high. Death rate is falling. Population
begins to rise steadily.
Examples….Kenya, India etc.
Stage 3 - Late Expanding –
Birth Rate starts to fall. Death Rate continues to fall.
Population rising.
Examples…..Brazil, China etc.
Stage 4 - Low Fluctuating –
Birth Rate and Death Rate both low. Population steady
Examples…..Japan, France etc.

4. Demographic Theories
4 | P a g e
SCENARIO OF INDIA :-
2011 1210 181 1.35 7.48 20.97
INDIA IN STAGE 2
Clear from the above table…

5. Demographic Theories
5 | P a g e
According to the Statistical Data available for the present scenario of India:-
1- India’s Birth rate is 20.6 per 1000 Population
2- Death rate is 7.48 per 1000 Population
Means, for every 20.6 births, there would be 7.48 deaths, which is roughly a 2.8 births per
death ratio.
3- Men’s life Expectancy is 63
4- Women’s life Expectancy is 65
5- Natural Population increase every year is 1.4%
6- Infant Mortality rates:- 53 per 1000
7- Elders(65+) to Non-elders ratio 1:5
8- Dependency Load(Population between 1-15 and 65+):- 37%
9- NO Net Migration
10- Human Development Index:- 0.547
11- Declining Birth and Death rate
Reasons for the High birth rate:-
1- Need of Children for Farming
2- High Infant Mortality rate with many dying at very early ages
3- Not much family planning
4- Lack of Knowledge
5- Social, religious, communal encouragement to have children
6- More resources is equal to more children’s
7- Poor contraception
8- Lack of female education
9- Children as economic assets
Reasons for Decreasing Death rate and Increasing Life’s expectancy:-
1- Improvement in medical care, hygiene level, medical advancement, invention of new medical
techniques and improvement in living conditions
2- Water sanitation level
3- Spreading of education
4- Govt. policies and schemes to improve medical condition
5- Improvement of Economic conditions of people
6- Improvement in food technology
7- Availability of good and healthy food
8- Invention of new techniques in Agriculture
9- Increment in female literacy
10- Improvements in contraceptive technology
11- More industrialized way of living and money minded
12- Improved food storage