The document discusses methods for detecting lies based on physiological responses. There are four main mechanisms at work when people lie: arousal due to anxiety, increased cognitive load for thinking of the lie, effort to control body language, and changes in emotion. Specific cues that may indicate lying include speech errors, pupil dilation, microexpressions of emotion, and gestural slips. The document analyzes an interview with Alex Rodriguez, noting specific microexpressions like shoulder shrugs and lip movements that an expert said could suggest deception. It also discusses how to distinguish real smiles based on muscle movements around the eyes.