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1. ‫الرحيم‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫بسم‬
The Subject : Decision Making
Prepared by : Baraa Ahmed El-askari

2. Outlines
 Introduction
 Important terms
 Ethical dilemmas in nursing practice
 Decision Making process
 Characteristics of effective decision making process
 Factors influencing decision making
 Critical elements in decision making

3. Introduction
• Decision Making is not exclusive for people in high positions & top
levels .
• Nurses and other health care providers are constantly challenged to make
ethical decisions.
• Nurse manager is confronted by a variety of situations . Hospital or agency
policies provide guidelines for dealing with routine situations . But
exceptional instance can decision more difficult and require a mature sense of
judgment.
• Because managers spend much time making decisions and solving problems ,
developing skills in these areas is essential to increasing effectiveness .

4. Important terms
 Decision Making : is a complex , cognitive process .
Is a choosing from alternatives a particular solution that ends uncertainty & solves a
problem or improves something .
 Ethical decision making : is a review of different options , eliminating those
with an unethical standpoints , and then choosing the best ethical alternative .
The Ethical Decision Making developes & comes from a place of conscience .

5. Morality
refer to an
individual’s own
principles
regarding
right and wrong.
Ethics
refer to rules
provided by an
external
source,
e.g.,
codes of conduct in
workplaces or principles
in religions.
vs

6. SOME Examples ,,,
1. Right the patient to truth
2. Right to refuse treatment
3. Human experimentation
Ethical dilemma
a situation requires a choice between two options, both of which will bring a
negative result based on society and personal guidelines

7. Decision
Making
process
1- Define The Problem
2- Gather Information
3-Develop Alternatives
4-Weigh Alternatives
5-Select The Best Alternative
6-Implement The Solution
7-Monitor Progress

8. Ethical Decision-Making Model

9. Characteristics
of
Effective Decision
Making Process
1- Realistic & Feasible .
2- systematic , comprehensive way of thinking.
3- Meets the pre - established GOALS .
4- Possible to carry out with group members .
5- Much positive outcomes and fewer negative
consequences .

10.  Factors influencing decision making
1- The decision makers attributes :
Knowledge , experience , and judgement
Perception and personality
Values and philosophy
2- The situation :
Urgency of solution and time pressures
Magnitude and importance
Cost benefit
3- Environmental Factors :
Institutions may have policies that limit the options available.

11.  Critical element in decision making
• Clearly defined objective
•Careful data gathering
•Generate many alternatives
•Think logically
•Choose and act decisively

12. Thank You…