1. America Claims anAmerica Claims an
EmpireEmpire
Does the U.S. have a duty to fightDoes the U.S. have a duty to fight
for freedom in neighboringfor freedom in neighboring
countries?countries?

2. Imperialism and AmericaImperialism and America
Main IdeaMain Idea
Beginning in 1867 and continuing through theBeginning in 1867 and continuing through the
century, global competition caused thecentury, global competition caused the
United States to expand.United States to expand.
Why it Matters TodayWhy it Matters Today
During this time period, the United StatesDuring this time period, the United States
acquired Hawaii and Alaska, both of whichacquired Hawaii and Alaska, both of which
became states in 1959.became states in 1959.

3. One American’s StoryOne American’s Story
► Queen Liliuokalani-Queen Liliuokalani-
HawaiiHawaii
► Haoles-whiteHaoles-white
foreignersforeigners

4. American ExpansionismAmerican Expansionism
►America had always sought to expand theAmerica had always sought to expand the
size of their nation.size of their nation.
►America to join imperialist power in EuropeAmerica to join imperialist power in Europe
and establish colonies overseas.and establish colonies overseas.
►ImperialismImperialism- policy in which stronger- policy in which stronger
nations extend their economic, political, ornations extend their economic, political, or
military control over weaker territories.military control over weaker territories.

5. Global CompetitionGlobal Competition
► Africa was a prime target of EuropeanAfrica was a prime target of European
expansionism.expansionism.
 Ethiopia and Liberia- remained independentEthiopia and Liberia- remained independent
► Imperialist competed for AsiaImperialist competed for Asia
 Japan joined European nations in competitionJapan joined European nations in competition

6. World Colonial Empires, 1900World Colonial Empires, 1900

7. Three Factors Fueled the NewThree Factors Fueled the New
American ImperialismAmerican Imperialism
Three Factors
Military
Strength
New
Markets
Cultural
Superiority
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Need for raw materials
New markets for goods
Social Darwinism
Spread Christianity
“Civilize” people

8. The U.S. Acquires AlaskaThe U.S. Acquires Alaska
►William Seward-William Seward- Secretary ofSecretary of
State under presidents AbrahamState under presidents Abraham
Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.
►U.S. to buy Alaska for $7.2 millionU.S. to buy Alaska for $7.2 million
from Russiafrom Russia
 ““Seward’s Icebox”, “Seward’s Folly”Seward’s Icebox”, “Seward’s Folly”
 1959 became a state. About 2 cents an1959 became a state. About 2 cents an
acre.acre.
 Land rich with minerals, timber, and oil.Land rich with minerals, timber, and oil.

9. The U.S. Takes HawaiiThe U.S. Takes Hawaii
► 1867- U.S. took over1867- U.S. took over
the Midway Islandsthe Midway Islands
just north of Hawaiijust north of Hawaii
► Hawaii wasHawaii was
economically andeconomically and
militarily important.militarily important.
U.S. & Hawaii
Cry for Annexation End of a Monarchy
Duty Free Sugar
1887-Pearl Harbor
John L. Stevens
Sanford D. Dole
1898-Hawaii annexed
1959-50th
State

10. Hawaiian IslandsHawaiian Islands

11. Roots of ImperialismRoots of Imperialism
Roots of U.S.
Imperialism
Politica
l
Economic
Cultural
Rivalry w/others imperialist
Const. of modern Naval
Fleet
Foreign trade,
unemployment,
depression
Competition from
other nations
Combining Social
Darwinism w/Anglo
Superiority
Spread Christianity

12. Imperialism and AmericaImperialism and America
ReviewReview
► What three factors spurred AmericanWhat three factors spurred American
imperialism?imperialism?
 Economic CompetitionEconomic Competition
 Political and Military CompetitionPolitical and Military Competition
 Racial SuperiorityRacial Superiority
► How did Queen Lilioukalani’s main goalHow did Queen Lilioukalani’s main goal
conflict with American imperialist goals?conflict with American imperialist goals?
 She wanted to preserve Hawaii for Hawaiians,She wanted to preserve Hawaii for Hawaiians,
while Americans wanted to annex the islands.while Americans wanted to annex the islands.

13. Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War
Main IdeaMain Idea
In 1898, the United States went to war to helpIn 1898, the United States went to war to help
Cuba win its independence from Spain.Cuba win its independence from Spain.
Why it Matters TodayWhy it Matters Today
U.S. involvement in Latin America and AsiaU.S. involvement in Latin America and Asia
increased greatly as a result of the war andincreased greatly as a result of the war and
continuous today.continuous today.

14. Cubans Rebel Against SpainCubans Rebel Against Spain
► By the end of the 19By the end of the 19thth
century-Spain had lost mostcentury-Spain had lost most
of its colonies. It retained only the Philippines andof its colonies. It retained only the Philippines and
the island of Guam, some outposts in Africa, andthe island of Guam, some outposts in Africa, and
the Caribbean islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico.the Caribbean islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico.
Preludes to War
America interested in Sugar
Cubans revolt 1868 & 1878
Revolt not successful
Abolished slavery-1886
Jose Marti- Cuba Libre!
Americans were split on the issue

15. War Fever EscalatesWar Fever Escalates
► Spain responded bySpain responded by
sending Generalsending General
Valeriano WeylerValeriano Weyler toto
suppress the Cubansuppress the Cuban
revolt.revolt.
USS
Maine
Explodes
De Lome
Letter
Yellow
Journalism
War
Fever

16. War with SpainWar with Spain
►America attacks in the PhilippinesAmerica attacks in the Philippines
 April 30, CommodoreApril 30, Commodore GeorgeGeorge
DeweyDewey opened fire on the Spanishopened fire on the Spanish
fleet at Manilafleet at Manila
 7 hours to capture the fleet.7 hours to capture the fleet.
 Americans join Filipino rebels led byAmericans join Filipino rebels led by
Emilio Aguinaldo.Emilio Aguinaldo.

17. War with Spain: Pacific TheaterWar with Spain: Pacific Theater

18. War in the CaribbeanWar in the Caribbean
Treaty
Of
Paris
San Juan
Hill
Rough
Riders
War in the
Caribbean

19. War with Spain: CaribbeanWar with Spain: Caribbean

20. Treaty of Paris DebateTreaty of Paris Debate
►Debate over annexation of the PhilippinesDebate over annexation of the Philippines
►Opponents formed the Anti-ImperialistOpponents formed the Anti-Imperialist
LeagueLeague
►February, 1899--ratification of peace treatyFebruary, 1899--ratification of peace treaty
makes U.S. a colonizing nationmakes U.S. a colonizing nation

21. American Empire, 1900American Empire, 1900

22. The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War
ReviewReview
► Why was American opinion about CubanWhy was American opinion about Cuban
independence divided?independence divided?
 U.S. businessmen sided with Spain because theyU.S. businessmen sided with Spain because they
wanted to protect their investments. The Americans,wanted to protect their investments. The Americans,
however, sympathized with the Cuban demand forhowever, sympathized with the Cuban demand for
independence.independence.
► Briefly describe the terms of the Treaty of Paris ofBriefly describe the terms of the Treaty of Paris of
1898.1898.
 Cuba’s independence; Spain’s relinquishing of PuertoCuba’s independence; Spain’s relinquishing of Puerto
Rico and Guam demand for independence.Rico and Guam demand for independence.

23. Acquiring New LandsAcquiring New Lands
Main IdeaMain Idea
In the early 1900’s, the United StatesIn the early 1900’s, the United States
engaged in conflicts in Puerto Rico, Cuba,engaged in conflicts in Puerto Rico, Cuba,
and the Philippines.and the Philippines.
Why it Matter TodayWhy it Matter Today
Today, the United States maintains a strongToday, the United States maintains a strong
military and political presence in strategicmilitary and political presence in strategic
worldwide location.worldwide location.

24. Ruling Puerto RicoRuling Puerto Rico
► After the Spanish-American war, the United StatesAfter the Spanish-American war, the United States
didn’t promise Puerto Ricans independence.didn’t promise Puerto Ricans independence.
Ruling
Puerto Rico
Military Rule
Return to
Civil Government
Gen. Nelson A. Miles
Foraker Act
1901- Insular Cases

25. Cuba and the United StatesCuba and the United States
► 1898- U.S. recognized Cuba’s independence and1898- U.S. recognized Cuba’s independence and
passed thepassed the Teller AmendmentTeller Amendment ..
 Stated the U.S. had no intention of taking over any partStated the U.S. had no intention of taking over any part
of Cuba.of Cuba.
Cuba
&
U.S
American Soldiers Platt Amendment
Protecting American
Business Interest
Couldn’t make treaties
U.S. could intervene
Cuba no debt
U.S. could lease land

26. Filipinos RebelFilipinos Rebel
►Emilio Aguilnaldo- rebel leaderEmilio Aguilnaldo- rebel leader
►Philippine-American WarPhilippine-American War
 Feb. 1899-rose to revoltFeb. 1899-rose to revolt
 70,000 U.S. troops sent- majority African-70,000 U.S. troops sent- majority African-
AmericansAmericans
 Took nearly 3 years to put down the rebellion.Took nearly 3 years to put down the rebellion.
►Aftermath of the WarAftermath of the War
 Government set up much like Puerto RicoGovernment set up much like Puerto Rico
 Finally became independent on July 4, 1946.Finally became independent on July 4, 1946.

27. Foreign Influence in ChinaForeign Influence in China
► Weakened by war and foreign intervention, ChinaWeakened by war and foreign intervention, China
became vulnerable to foreign countries.became vulnerable to foreign countries.
Jon Hay
Open Door Notes
Boxer
Rebellion
Protecting
Am. Rights

28. Protecting American RightsProtecting American Rights
►Open Door Policy reflected three deeplyOpen Door Policy reflected three deeply
held American beliefs about the U.S.held American beliefs about the U.S.
industrial capitalist economy:industrial capitalist economy:
 U.S. growth depended upon exportsU.S. growth depended upon exports
 U.S. had right to intervene to keep foreignU.S. had right to intervene to keep foreign
markets openmarkets open
 Closing areas to American products, citizens, orClosing areas to American products, citizens, or
ideas threatened U.S. survival.ideas threatened U.S. survival.

29. The Impact of U.S. Territorial GainsThe Impact of U.S. Territorial Gains
►Anti-imperialist vs. ImperialistAnti-imperialist vs. Imperialist
 McKinley is re-elected-strong imperialistMcKinley is re-elected-strong imperialist
 Anti-Imperialist LeagueAnti-Imperialist League
►Included prominent officialsIncluded prominent officials

30. Acquiring New LandsAcquiring New Lands
ReviewReview
► Why was the U.S. interested in events in Puerto Rico?Why was the U.S. interested in events in Puerto Rico?
 Puerto Rico was strategically important to the U.S. as a way toPuerto Rico was strategically important to the U.S. as a way to
assert its presence in the Caribbean and as a base for protecting aassert its presence in the Caribbean and as a base for protecting a
possible canal through Panama.possible canal through Panama.
► What sparked the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, and how was itWhat sparked the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, and how was it
crushed?crushed?
 The Boxers staged a revolt to expel foreigners from China. InThe Boxers staged a revolt to expel foreigners from China. In
August 1900, troops from Britain, France, Germany, Japan, and theAugust 1900, troops from Britain, France, Germany, Japan, and the
U.S. marched on the Chinese capital. The International force putU.S. marched on the Chinese capital. The International force put
an end to the rebellion.an end to the rebellion.
► What three key beliefs about America's industrial capitalistWhat three key beliefs about America's industrial capitalist
economy were reflected in the Open Door Policy?economy were reflected in the Open Door Policy?
 U.S. dependence on exports for growth, U.S. right to intervene toU.S. dependence on exports for growth, U.S. right to intervene to
keep markets open, closing an area to American products threatenkeep markets open, closing an area to American products threaten
U.S. survival.U.S. survival.

31. America as a World PowerAmerica as a World Power
Main IdeaMain Idea
The Russo-Japanese War, the PanamaThe Russo-Japanese War, the Panama
Canal, and the Mexican Revolution addedCanal, and the Mexican Revolution added
to America’s military and economic power.to America’s military and economic power.
Why it Matter TodayWhy it Matter Today
American involvement in conflicts aroundAmerican involvement in conflicts around
1900 led to involvement in World War I and1900 led to involvement in World War I and
later to a peacekeeper role in today’s world.later to a peacekeeper role in today’s world.

32. Roosevelt/Wilson ForeignRoosevelt/Wilson Foreign
PoliciesPolicies

33. Teddy Roosevelt and the WorldTeddy Roosevelt and the World
► The assassination of William McKinley in 1901The assassination of William McKinley in 1901
thrust Vice-President Teddy Roosevelt into thethrust Vice-President Teddy Roosevelt into the
role of a world leader.role of a world leader.
Roosevelt &
The World
Roosevelt Peacemaker Panama Canal
1904-Russia declares
War on Japan
Treaty of Portsmouth
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty-1901
$10 million + $250,000 annually

35. Roosevelt and the WorldRoosevelt and the World
► Constructing the CanalConstructing the Canal
 Builders battled diseaseBuilders battled disease
 Workers were from Spain,Workers were from Spain,
Italy; ¾ were blacks fromItaly; ¾ were blacks from
the West Indies;the West Indies;
 5,600 died from accidents5,600 died from accidents
or diseaseor disease
 August 15, 1914- CanalAugust 15, 1914- Canal
openedopened
► Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary
 ““Speak softly and carry aSpeak softly and carry a
big stick”big stick”
 1904- Roosevelt Corollary-1904- Roosevelt Corollary-
U.S. would use force toU.S. would use force to
protect its economicprotect its economic
interests in Latin Americainterests in Latin America

36. Roosevelt and the WorldRoosevelt and the World
►Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy
 American banker loaned money to Nicaragua toAmerican banker loaned money to Nicaragua to
pay debts.pay debts.
 Bankers gained control of Nicaragua’s state-Bankers gained control of Nicaragua’s state-
owned railroad system and its national bank.owned railroad system and its national bank.
 People revolted against Pres. Adolfo Diaz.People revolted against Pres. Adolfo Diaz.
 Taft administration used the policy of using U.S.Taft administration used the policy of using U.S.
government loans made to foreign countries bygovernment loans made to foreign countries by
American businesspeople.American businesspeople. Dollar Diplomacy.Dollar Diplomacy.

37. Woodrow Wilson’s MissionaryWoodrow Wilson’s Missionary
DiplomacyDiplomacy
► Monroe Doctrine in 1823 warned against any nationsMonroe Doctrine in 1823 warned against any nations
expanding their influence in Latin America.expanding their influence in Latin America.
► Wilson’s “Missionary Diplomacy”, had a moral responsibilityWilson’s “Missionary Diplomacy”, had a moral responsibility
to deny any Latin American government it viewedto deny any Latin American government it viewed
oppressive, or hostile to U.S. interest.oppressive, or hostile to U.S. interest.
Missionary
Diplomacy
Mexican Revolution Intervention in Mexico Rebellion in Mexico
Porfirio Diaz overthrown
Gen. Victoriano Huerta
Wilson invades Veracruz
Venustiano Carranza
“Pancho” Villa
Emiliano Zapata

38. Activities of the United States in theActivities of the United States in the
Caribbean, 1898-1930Caribbean, 1898-1930

39. Chasing VillaChasing Villa
► President Wilson ordered Gen. John Pershing anPresident Wilson ordered Gen. John Pershing an
about 15,000 soldiers to capture Villa dead orabout 15,000 soldiers to capture Villa dead or
alive.alive.
► Troops clash with Mexican army in 1916.Troops clash with Mexican army in 1916.
► Pershing is ordered home in 1917.Pershing is ordered home in 1917.
► U.S. pursued and achieved several foreign policyU.S. pursued and achieved several foreign policy
goals in the early 20goals in the early 20thth
century.century.
 Expanded access to foreign marketsExpanded access to foreign markets
 U.S. built a modern day navyU.S. built a modern day navy
 U.S. exercised its police power to ensure dominance inU.S. exercised its police power to ensure dominance in
Latin AmericaLatin America

40. America as a World PowerAmerica as a World Power
ReviewReview
► What conflict triggered the war with Russia and Japan?What conflict triggered the war with Russia and Japan?
 A dispute over KoreaA dispute over Korea
► Why is the construction of the Panama Canal consideredWhy is the construction of the Panama Canal considered
one of the world’s greatest engineering feats?one of the world’s greatest engineering feats?
 Workers fought disease, such as yellow fever andWorkers fought disease, such as yellow fever and
bubonic plague. Volcanic soil was difficult to remove.bubonic plague. Volcanic soil was difficult to remove.
Thousands died.Thousands died.
► Explain the key difference between Woodrow Wilson’sExplain the key difference between Woodrow Wilson’s
moral diplomacy and Teddy Roosevelt’s “big stick”moral diplomacy and Teddy Roosevelt’s “big stick”
diplomacy.diplomacy.
 ““Big stick” diplomacy demanded that EuropeanBig stick” diplomacy demanded that European
countries stay out of the affairs of Latin America.countries stay out of the affairs of Latin America.
Wilson’s “moral diplomacy” demanded that countries inWilson’s “moral diplomacy” demanded that countries in
Lain America set up democraciesLain America set up democracies..