1. Why Fusing Philosophies
Can Be a Dangerous Idea
By Joffre Balce
delivered at Philorum
on 10 September 2014 at Dulwich Hill NSW

2. Why the Talk?
• Challenge – Response Theory of Arnold J. Toynbee
• The Dialectical Challenge: The test of a first rate mind is the ability to hold two opposing in
mind at the same time & still retain the ability to function. ~ F. Scott Fitzgerald
• Challenge of Muliculturalism: What Is Your Response?
• By What Standards Do We Judge Success or Failure?
• Is the “Experiment” Over? Was There Ever an “Experiment”?

3. Survey of 20th Century Examples
• Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy
• Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
• Sun Yat sen
• Mao Ze dong
• Ernesto “Che” Guevara
• Paolo Freire
• Frantz Fanon
• Lee Kwan Yew

4. Leo Tolstoy
• Russian Context
• Western Philosophy
• Eastern Philosophy
• American Philosophy

5. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
• Indian Context
• Indian Philosophy
• Judaeo-Christian-Muslim Belief
• Western Philosophy

6. Dr. Sun Yat Sen
• Chinese Context
• Confucianism
• American Philosophy

7. Mao Zedong
• Chinese Context
• Chinese Military Philosophy
• Western Philosophy

8. Che Guevara
• Latin American Context
• Western Philosophy
• Asian Philosophy

9. Paolo Freire
• Latin American Context
• American Philosophy
• European Philosophy

10. Frantz Fanon
• African Context
• Negritude Movement
• Psychiatry
• Western Philosophy

11. Lee Kwan Yeuw
• Singaporean Context
• Confucianism
• Fabian Socialism
• Adam Smith

12. Australian Context
• Isolationism - Mundialism
• Scientific Atheism – Traditional Theism
• Religion – Philosophy
• Eastern – Western
• Materialism – Spiritualism
• Politics – Economics
• Third World – First World

13. Quo Vadis?
• No Hay Sendero. Se Lo Hace Al
Andar.
• There Is No Path. We Make the
Road As We Travel.

14. Treat Life Like An Adventure!