Linking your resources to the Data Web
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Presentation delivered by Tom Baker at Linked Open Data @ AIMS Webinars. http://aims.fao.org/linked-open-data-webinars-at-aims http://aims.fao.org/linked-open-data-webinars-at-aims/tom-baker Abstract ------------- Linking data into the Semantic Web means more than just making data available on a Web server. It means using Web addresses (URIs) in data as names for things; tagging resources using those URIs - for example, URIs for agricultural topics from AGROVOC; and using URIs to point to related resources. This talk walks through a simple example to show how linking works in practice, illustrating RDF technology with animated graphics. It concludes with a recipe for linking your data: Decide what bits of your data are most important, such as Subject, Author, and Publisher. Use URIs in your data, whenever possible, such as Subject terms from AGROVOC. Then publish your data in RDF on the Web where others can link to it. Simple solutions can be enough to yield good results.
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Linking your resources to the Data Web
- 1. Linking your resources to the Data Web Thomas Baker Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Linked Open Data @ AIMS 4 December2012
- 2. Data Web – the Cloud… Linking Open Data cloud diagram by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch 2 http://lod-cloud.net/
- 3. Data Web – zooming in… BBC News AGRIS record VIVO Expert AGROVOC concept BBC Web page DBPedia concept Wikipedia page 3
- 4. How to link data into the “Semantic” Web 1. Publish your data on the Web. 2. Use Web addresses (URIs) as names for things. 3. Tag your resources with URIs (Agrovoc!). 4. Pointing to related resources with URIs. See: http://aims.fao.org/sites/default/files/CIARD-2011-06-10.pdf http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
- 5. Describe things in a standard, reusable way relatedTo Resource ResourceA ResourceB describedBy Resource ResourceA Text data Simple “statements” using bits of data to describe things. 5
- 6. RDF – the grammar for data statements translatedBy Resource http://bookA http://personB hasName Resource http://personB “Alan Oh” These are called “triples”. 6
- 7. EXAMPLE: “LINKING” TWO RESOURCES 7
- 8. Resource A: Article indexed in AGRIS database Topic of the article Is “acrididae”, i.e. “grasshoppers”. One author is named “Lu Hui”. 8
- 9. Statements about Resource A as “pseudo-triples” Subject Predicate Object Resource A has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 Resource A has an Author Lu Hui Resource A has a Topic Acrididae (grasshoppers) 9
- 10. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 has an Author Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic Acrididae (grasshoppers) Resource A is identified by the URI http://agris.fao.org/resource/CN2009002389. Let’s abbreviate this as agris:CN2009002389. 10
- 11. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 has an Author agris-author:luhui agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic Acrididae (grasshoppers) The author is identified by the URI http://agris.fao.org/author/luhui. Let’s abbreviate this as agris-author:luhui. 11
- 12. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 has an Author agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui has the Name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic Acrididae (grasshoppers) The author agris-author:luhui has the name Lu Hui. 12
- 13. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 has an Author agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui has the Name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic agrovoc:c_4416 The topic is identified by the URI http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4416. Let’s abbreviate this as agrovoc:c_4416. 13
- 14. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 has the Title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 has an Author agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui has the Name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic agrovoc:c_4416 agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label Acrididae (en) agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label 蝗科 (zh) The description of http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4416 in the AGROVOC Concept Scheme tells us how this concept is labeled in English and in Chinese. 14
- 15. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 has an Author agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui has the Name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 has a Topic agrovoc:c_4416 agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label Acrididae (en) agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label 蝗科 (zh) The Dublin Core element “Title” is identified by the URI http://purl.org/dc/terms/title. Let’s abbreviate this as dct:title. 15
- 16. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label Acrididae (en) agrovoc:c_4416 has preferred label 蝗科 (zh) Ditto for author (i.e., creator) and topic (i.e. subject). Name is defined in the FOAF vocabulary. 16
- 17. Triplifying the description… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 agrovoc:c_4416 skos:prefLabel Acrididae (en) agrovoc:c_4416 skos:prefLabel 蝗科 (zh) A property for the preferred label of a concept has been defined In the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) vocabulary. 17
- 18. The triples seen as a graph dct:title 典型草… agris:CN…389 dct:subject dct:creator agrovoc:c_4416 agris-author: foaf:name luhui Lu Hui Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 18
- 19. Resource B: AGRIS article in German 19
- 20. Triples describing Resource B seen as a graph dct:title Heuschrecken agris:CH…179 dct:subject dct:creator agrovoc:c_4416 agris-author: foaf:name peterb Peter, B. Subject Predicate Object agris:CH2001000179 dct:title Heuschrecken brauchen ökologische Ausgleichsflächen agris:CH2001000179 dct:creator agris-author:peterb agris-author:luhui foaf:name Peter, B. agris:CH2001000179 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 20
- 21. Merging triples for Resource A… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 21
- 22. …with triples for Resource B… Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 agris:CH2001000179 dct:title Heuschrecken brauchen ökologische Ausgleichsflächen agris:CH2001000179 dct:creator agris-author:peterb agris-author:luhui foaf:name Peter, B. agris:CH2001000179 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 22
- 23. The computer detects matching URIs... Subject Predicate Object agris:CN2009002389 dct:title 典型草原三种蝗虫种群死 亡率的研究 agris:CN2009002389 dct:creator agris-author:luhui agris-author:luhui foaf:name Lu Hui agris:CN2009002389 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 agris:CH2001000179 dct:title Heuschrecken brauchen ökologische Ausgleichsflächen agris:CH2001000179 dct:creator agris-author:peterb agris-author:luhui foaf:name Peter, B. agris:CH2001000179 dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 23
- 24. The computer detects matching URIs... dct:title Heuschrecken agris:CH…179 dct:subject dct:creator agris-author: foaf:name agrovoc:c_4416 peterb Peter, B. dct:subject agrovoc:c_4416 agris:CN…389 dct:title dct:creator 典型草… agris-author: foaf:name luhui Lu Hui 24
- 25. …and merges (“links”) the graphs into one. dct:title Heuschrecken agris:CH…179 dct:subject dct:creator agris-author: foaf:name agrovoc:c_4416 peterb Peter, B. Resources in different dct:subject languages, linked by agris:CN…389 reference to a common dct:title KOS Concept. dct:creator 典型草… An “infinitely expandable agris-author: foaf:name description”…! luhui Lu Hui 25
- 26. CASTING A WIDER NET 26
- 29. The BBC Grasshopper page links to a news article… 29
- 31. …and to a DBPedia category… 31
- 33. …using information extracted from Wikipedia. 33
- 34. What else links to the DBPedia concept…? 34
- 35. …the description of an expert! 35
- 36. What else links to the DBPedia concept? “exactly matches” “broader than” 36
- 37. “Six degrees of (linked-data) separation”… BBC News AGRIS record VIVO Expert AGROVOC concept BBC Web page DBPedia concept Wikipedia page 37
- 38. From one record, many links SKOS AGRIS record AGROVOC FOAF Dublin Core AGRIS Authors 38
- 39. Recipe for Linking your Data 1. Decide what bits of your data are most important (eg, Subject, Author, Publisher…). 2. Whenever possible, use URIs (eg, Agrovoc terms) to name those things. 3. Publish your data in RDF on the Web, where others can link to it. 4. Keep it simple. Simple solutions can be enough to yield good results.
- 40. tom@tombaker.org