Beyond technological determinism
•Télécharger en tant que PPTX, PDF•
1 j'aime•371 vues
What is a journalist? What is a blogger? We frame journalism identity as a new relationship between source and output, with intent and voice.
Recommandé
Contenu connexe
En vedette
Similaire à Beyond technological determinism
Similaire à Beyond technological determinism (20)
Dernier
Dernier (20)
Beyond technological determinism
- 1. Beyond technological determinism: a model for understanding the new participatory networked news environment Megan Knight Clare Cook
- 8. This is a mapping model to frame and delineate the factors that we believe determine the media landscape
- 12. But within the landscape the individual journalist can now exist beyond the identity of the organisation too
- 17. So macro level: determiners are voice and intent And micro level: determiners are source and outputs
- 18. A model to understand the new participatory networked news environment now the technological determinants are gone
- 19. Clare Cook @cecook Clare Cook @cecook cecook@uclan.ac.uk www.clarecookonline.co.uk
- 20. Image Copyright • http://www.spectator.co.uk/article_images/articledir_7080/3540431/1_listing.jpg • http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/44800/44880/44880_guten_press_lg.gif
Notes de l'éditeur
- The language we use to describe news media landscape is inadequateMore and more news organisations exist for which we have no simple words
- What is guidofawkes really? Yes, he is a politcal blogger – blogging is his technical determiner on order-order, but is that all he is? What about guy news TV?
- What is the stephen fry twitter feed? A self branding british actor promoting his own views or normalised to the point of being a trusted output of news content, commentary and opinion – any different from a newspaper columnist?
- What is guardian’s comment is free section? Users suggesting stories they want to be covered. Commenting on stories. Featured contributorsAnd the guardian comment network within it. Former digital boss Emily bell sees it as being ‘of the net not on the net’partnered with a range of websites from which we will cross-post some of the best content while linking back to the original sourcethey hope to “act as curators for the best of this content”they already “draw on the inspiration and insights of our users” through series such as You told us, The people's panel and Anywhere but Westminster.
- What is the bbc have your say? Radio five, your call featuring views on news;newswatch checking on the checkers or World have your say where listeners set the agenda
- Clearly the vocabulary to define or even summarise news organisations and content outputs has now entirely outgrown the technical determiners it once relied on
- This model refers to the macro media landscape. Two axes. Plotting voice along the vertical axis and intent across the horizontal: the two elements we think determine how to identify or describe a news outlet in the media landscapeMacro voiceAttempting to plot determinates for news organisations based on how the voice changes from being packaged, edited, refined at the bottom to being a stream of conscious at the top. This is one of the most visible changes of the new media age – the range of voice used to communicate teh news is changing because the technology has given access to the non-professionally-trained and accredited news creators.
- Macro intentThe second axis on macro is the horizontal axis which determines the intent the organisation (or in the case of branded individuals, the person) has. We recognised that even with the examples presented today, the intent they are acting as a news organisations plays a large part in determining their position in the media landscape. The right-hand side of this axis represents the traditional western model of journalistic organisations as disinterested observers of, and commenters on, events of the day, what the Americans would call ‘objective’ journalism, and whose focus is on those things considered under ‘traditonal news values’. This includes both commercial and public actors; although state propaganda bodies are not specifically accounted for in this model, they would lie on the right because they tend to express their intent in such ways, and their content is within traditional news values even if their angle on the content is not objective or disinterested. On the left of this axis are those organisations which use journalistic means and forms to further an agenda beyond simply observing, those that are ‘activist groups using the media’. It is important to note that the extremes of this axis are more ideals than realities – there is no such thing as the perfect objective and disinterested newsroom, and on the extreme left would be purely activist organisations, not really news organisations. This axis does not represent a true change wrought by the age of the Internet, news organisations have always moved along this axis. Thomas Payne would have occupied a place on the left of this axis, and in fact, it is only in the mid twentieth-century that the right-hand side began to be populated. The Internet has, however, increased the range and scope of organisations on the left of the axis, and there are more, and more popular groups, there than previously, and the scope of their impact has increased.
- Macro media landscape featuring organisations:Wikileaks – calls itself journalistic, but has clear activist, rather than simple observational goals, so left. Releases raw material, so no journalistic process applied. Has considerable impact, at least at time of writing. Boingboing – personal commentary based, reports on events and other news, highly popular and therefore high impact, but does not influence news agendas or produce original material. Does not consider itself a news organisation, or represent as such, so left. Global voices - agenda of addressing injustice, but less formal in voice than indymedia, more personalso left, and low. Indymedia – traditional news format, with the agenda of addressing injustice, so left, and low. The morning star – traditional newspaper format (so low), but with strong political agenda (unlike the British papers, whose political agenda is often only really apparent at elections, it permeates the paper) not usually considered within the range of ‘public discourse’, so left. Many large news entities have substantively differing online and offline offerings, so are presented separately here. The guardian – traditional newspaper format low and right (has traditional journalistic intent), guardian unlimited high and right – uses non-traditional forms and discourse. The bbc broadcast – traditional news, very high impact, but strictly observational and neutral in language, and in format presented. Telegraph – traditional newspaper, traditional goals, content and forms. Huffington post – similar to guardian unlimited, non-traditional open commentary format, so high, but based on traditional news content, so rightAndy carvin – non-traditional in format, tweets only (has a blog, but not with regards to news), slightly right because he is doing what traditional news organisations do – reporting events, albeit in non-traditional form. The size of the circle reflects the impact of the organisation, and its influence in the field, whether directly on an audience, such as boing-boing, or indirectly through influencing the news agenda of other groups, such as wikileaks.
- So we have considered a matrix at the macro level to determine the factors we feel delineate and frame where the individual sits within the media landscape. For the individual journalists, we considered the two central determinates as to their place on the media landscape was their relationship with source and output. The source is below the horizontal and the output above the horizontal
- Putting it into practice, the model for a mainstream old skool journalist like the independent’s middle east correspondent robertfisk would look like this. Fisk trades on the masses of experience he has to curate information, to offer expert opinion, exclusive contacts, brand of the independent can open doors, has massive contacts book. His penetration is deep and narrow but his interaction with the network is limited. Facebook page that a place for other people to congregate, without him; twitter other people have his profiles – he not on it.His outputs are clearly defined. Comment pieces in trusted mainstream output of the independent, and a book here or there
- Matt drudge is a bit different. Monicalewinsky knows better than anyone that he is capable of the exclusivity, and the balls (scuse the pun) to find and reveal an exclusive story when other outlets dont feel they can. Yet his massive penetration and reach now is as a news aggregator. His feed has become normalised to the extent that it operates on the dual product model of advertising (trading on the massive quantity of hits). He is registered on twitter but has never posted.
- Andy carvin takes the relationship between source and ouput to a different level again. His twitter feed is like a news wire but unlike some journalists who dont RT before they check, he is entirely reliant on the network to connect people – and it is the network to whom he inputs and outputs – the crowd decide what to bring to the fore. It’s only his job as National Public Radio's senior product manager for online communities paying his wage
- The language we use to describe news media landscape is inadequateMore and more news organisations exist for which we have no simple words