Discipline-and-ideas-Module-2.pdf

Development Team of the Module:
Authors: Jhunard R. Tapongot
Fritzie Aileen A. Puray
Evaluators: Ernell C. Culob
Jadilyn Rose S. Saturos
Illustrator: Jay Michael A. Calipusan
Management Team:
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Asst. Regional Director
Mala Epra B. Magnaong
CES, CLMD
Members: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr.
Regional ADM Coordinator
Ray Butch M. Mahinay
EPS-Designate- AP
Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Regional Office 10
Office Address: Zone 1, Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro City 9000
Telefax: (088) 880-7071, (088) 880-7072
E-mail Address: region10@deped.gov.ph

Lesson 1
The Discipline of Counseling
A. IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Choose from the letters in the table below. Write it on the space provided
before the number.
a. Counseling b. Attending Behavior c. Open-Ended Questions
d. Close-ended questions e. Paraphrasing f. Primary Function
g. Social Sciences h. Applied Social Science i. Codes of ethics
j. Counseling Program k. Guidance and Counseling Program
___________1.It is a process in which the counselor assists the counselee to cope
with his/her emotions and feelings and to help him/her make positive
choices and decisions.
___________2.Let the client knows you’re listening and it conveys empathy.
___________3.Questions that clients cannot easily answer with “Yes,”, “No,” or one-
or two-word responses
___________4.Questions that the other can easily answer with a “Yes,” “No,” or one-
or two-word responses
___________5.The counselor rephrases the content of the client’s message.
Learning Competencies:
1. identify the goals and scope of counseling
(HUMSS_DIASS12-Ib-3)
2. demonstrate comprehension of the principles of counseling
3. discuss the core values of counseling
What I Need to Know
What I Know
1

___________6. You avoid staying in bed or sitting around all day to help your
depression.
___________7.It provides a comprehensive, developmental guidance and counseling
programs for students Counselor structures activities to meet the
needs of his/her assigned caseload, consults with teachers, staff and
parents to enhance their effectiveness in helping students.
___________8.Social Sciences are sciences concerned with the origin and
development of human society, and the institutions, relationships, and
ideas involved in social life. Included in the social sciences are
anthropology, sociology, political science, economics, law,
psychology, criminology, and social psychology.
___________9.It is a science that you can use in practicality.
___________10.It provides structure or guidelines for a profession’s membership to
follow in their professional practice and also for the public to anticipate
in their interactions with the profession and its membership.
B. ARRANGE ME!
Directions: Below are the processes of counseling. Arrange these steps according to
the process.
 Mutual Goal Setting 1.___________________
 Follow-up 2. ___________________
 Initial Stage 3. ___________________
 Working 4. ___________________
 Gathering data 5. ___________________
 Terminating 6. ___________________
The Discipline of Counseling
Counselling profession is a helping relationship. A process in which the
counselor assists the counselee to cope with his/her emotions and feelings and to help
him/her makes positive choices and decisions. It is a learning-oriented process, which
occurs usually in an interactive relationship, with the aim of helping a person learn
more about the self, and to use such understanding to enable the person to become
an effective member of society. Counselling is a process by means of which the helper
expresses care and concern towards the person with a problem, and facilitates that
person's personal growth and brings about change through self-knowledge.
What’s New
2

Goals of Counseling
Counseling is a relationship between a concerned person and a person with a
need. This relationship is usually person-to-person, although sometimes it may involve
more than two people. Here are the five commonly named goals of counseling:
1. Facilitating behavior change
2. Improving the client’s ability to establish and maintain relationships.
3. Enhancing the client’s effectiveness and ability to cope.
4. Promoting the decision-making process and facilitating client potential.
5. Development.
Source: “What are the Goals of Counseling,’’Owlcation,
accessed January 16, 2020,
www.owlcation.com/social-science/What -are-
the-goals-of-counseling
Principles of Counseling
Counseling is a long-term process and consists of professional communication.
These are the principles of counseling:
1. Principle of acceptance
Accept the patient with his physical, psychological, social, economic and
cultural conditions.
2. Principal of communication
Communication should be verbal as well as non-verbal and should be
skillful.
3. Principle of empathy
Instead of showing sympathy put yourself in patient’s shoes and then
give reflections accordingly.
4. Principle of non-judge
Mental attitude. Do not criticize or comment negatively regarding
patient’s complaints.
5. Principle of confidentiality
Always keep the patient’s name and the problem strictly secrete and
assure the patient about the same.
6. Principle of individuality
Treat each and every patient as unique and respect his problem as well.
7. Principle of non-emotional involvement
Do not get emotionally involved with the patient and avoid getting carried
away with his feelings.
Source: “Counselling: Meaning,Techniques and Principles”,Your Article
Library, accessed January 16, 2020, www.yourarticle.com
3

Core Values of Counseling
Counseling profession will also challenge the counselor to value the counselee.
Here are the core values of counseling:
1. Respect for human dignity refers to the unconditional positive regard,
compassion, non-judgmental attitude, empathy and trust.
2. Partnership refers to the support on integrated healing, integrity, sensitivity
and openness.
3. Autonomy refers to the respect for confidentiality, trust, ensuring a safe
environment and no imposition of advices.
4. Responsible caring refers to respecting the potentials of every human being
to change and to continue learning.
5. Personal integrity refers to the reflection of honesty and truthfulness.
6. Social justice refers to being accepting and respectful of the diversity of
clients.
Source:”Core Values of Counseling, “Prezi, accessed January 16, 2020,
www.prezi.com/corevaluesincounseling
Directions: Let us test your knowledge on this topic, kindly write your answers
on the space provided.
1. Counseling is
-
-
-
2. Goals of Counseling
-
-
-
3. Principles of Counseling
-
-
-
4. Core Values of Counseling
-
-
-
What is It
4

Directions: On the space provided, kindly write your answers.
Term Definition
1. Core Values
2. Counseling
3. Principles of
Counseling
4. Goals of
Counseling
Assessment
5

References:
“What are the Goals of Counseling,’’Owlcation, accessed January 16, 2020,
www.owlcation.com/social-science/What -are-the-goals-of-counseling
“Counselling: Meaning,Techniques and Principles”,Your Article Library, accessed
January 16, 2020, www.yourarticle.com
”Core Values of Counseling, “Prezi, accessed January 16, 2020
www.prezi.com/corevaluesincounseling
6

Lesson 2
Professionals and Practitioners in
Counseling
Now that you know already the definitions, goals, scopes, core values and
principles of counseling, let us go further, this time let me introduce to you the
professionals and practitioners of counseling.
Counseling profession is very challenging, the person must acquire a
counseling style tailored to their own personality by familiarizing themselves the
different approaches in counseling. To be qualified in counseling profession he/she
must study masters or doctoral degree and pass the licensure exam. A counselor must
have personal qualities like: self-awareness and understanding, caring attitude,
sensitivity, open-mindedness and objectivity plus accepting personal congruence. A
professional counselor must have the ability to listen, convey understanding without
judgment, ability to be sensitive, empathic, patient and the ability to convey to the client
that the counselor values the client’s experiences. Moreover, conveys the belief that
the client is capable, trustworthy, respectable, worthy and dependable.
Republic Act 9258, an act professionalizing the practice of guidance and
counseling adheres counseling practitioners to abide the code of ethics in this
profession, thus a counselor must uphold professional responsibility, counseling
relationship, dimension of confidentiality, ethical issues in a multicultural perspective,
ethical issues in the assessment process.
4. show understanding of the roles and functions of counselors
(HUMSS_DIASS12-Ic-6)
5. identify specific work areas in which counselors work
6. identify career opportunities for counselors
7. value rights, responsibilities and accountabilities
8. distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among counselors
What I Need to Know
7

With this competence, counselors may work in hospitals, Correctional and
prison facilities, rehabilitation centers, retail business, educational system, career
centers, nonprofit or social services agencies, religious institution, private and public
practice as well as in a weight loss camp.
An effective counselor must have an understanding and awareness of
systematic theories that guide professional practice, sufficient encounter and
understanding with human beings furthermore, sufficient human experience and
awareness of one self’s strength, limitations and values.
Directions: Follow and answer properly.
1. You recall as many roles and functions of counselors that you are aware of.
2. Write all your answers in the note box below.
3. You count all the roles and functions written in the note box.
4. Choose one role /function and identify the competencies required of the
role/function.
Open Notes
Name: _______________________
What I Know
8

Roles of the Counselors
Counselors offer guidance to individuals, couples, families and groups who
are dealing with issues that affect their mental health and well-being. Many counselors
approach their work holistically, using a “wellness” model which highlights and
encourages client’s strengths. On the job counselors:
1. Work with individuals, groups and communities to improve mental health.
2. Encourage clients to discuss emotions and experiences.
3. Examine issues including substance abuse, aging, bullying, anger
management, careers, depression, relationships, LGBTQ issues, self-
image, stress and suicide.
4. Work with families.
5. Help client’s define goals, plan action and gain insight.
6. Develop therapeutical processes.
7. Refer clients to psychologists and other services.
8. Take a holistic approach to mental health care.
Functions of Counseling
Counselors work in diverse community settings designed to provide a variety
of counseling, rehabilitation and support services. Their duties vary greatly depending
on their specialty which is determined by the setting in which they work and the
population they serve. Counselors are challenged:
1. with children, adolescents and adults that have multiple issues such as
mental health disorders
2. to provide appropriate counseling and support
3. to assist students of all levels
4. to promote the academic, career, personal and social development of
children and youth
5. to help students evaluate their abilities, interests, talents and personalities
to develop realistic academic and career goals
6. to operate career information centers and career education programs
7. to help students understand and deal with social, behavioral and personal
development
What’s New
Source: “Counseling Job Description: What You’ll
Do,” All Psychology Schools, accessed January
16, 2020,www.allpsychologyschools.com
Source: “Counselors -What They Do”, Student
Scholarhips Org, accessed January 16, 2020,
www.studentsscholarship.org.
9

Competencies of Counseling
Counselors are licensed mental health therapists who provide assessment,
diagnosis and counseling to people facing a variety of life stresses and psychological
problems. They help people with relationship issues, family problems, job stress,
mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety and many other challenging
problems that can impact feelings of well-being and happiness. To be effective in their
roles, counselors should enjoy helping others and possess specific attributes and
skills. Here are the competencies of counselors:
1. Communication skills
Effective counselors should have excellent communication skills before
embarking on a counseling career. Counselors need to have a natural ability to
listen and be able clearly explain their ideas and thoughts to others.
2. Acceptance
Counselors must be able to “start where the client is at.” This phrase is
often used in counseling to describe the ability to relate to clients with an open,
nonjudgmental attitude-accepting the client for who she is and her current
situation.
3. Empathy
Counselors help people through some of the most difficult and stressful
times of their lives. They must be able to display empathy-the ability to feel what
another person is feeling.
4. Problem-Solving skills
Counselors must have excellent problem-solving skills to be able to help
their clients identify and make changes to negative thought patterns and other
harmful behaviors that might be contributing to their issues.
5. Rapport-Building skills
Counselors must possess a strong set of interpersonal skills to help
establish rapport quickly with clients and develop strong relationships. They
must give their undivided attention to clients and be able to cultivate trust.
6. Flexibility
Counselors must have the ability to adapt and change the way they
respond to meet their client’s needs.
7. Self-Awareness
Counselors need to have the ability to look within and identify their own
unmet psychological needs and desires, such as a need for intimacy or the
desires to be professionally competent.
10

8. Multicultural Competency
Counselors help people from all walks of life. They must display
multicultural competency and adopt a multicultural worldview.
Specific Work Areas of Counselors
The following places of employment offer work opportunities for someone with
a counseling degree:
1. Hospitals
Counselors provide mental health evaluations, some counselors are hired to
assist patients overcome various psychological and behavioral issues.
2. Impatient or Outpatient Detoxification Centers
Counselors may also serve as detox specialists or crisis workers within
detoxification center.
Counselors are hired to work in:
2.1. Impatient facilities hire counselors to assist with 24-hour care of high-risk
patients battling substance abuse.
2.2. Outpatient facilities hire counselors to provide treatment during the day,
while patients are allowed to return to their homes at night.
3. Mental Health Facilities & Agencies
Counselors provide one-on-one treatment or holding group therapy sessions.
Community counselors are hired at localized mental health agencies to assist a
local population, interact with community leaders, and bridge the gap between
support services found in surrounding areas.
4. Residential Care Facilities
A residential care facility provides counseling services to people living in a
temporary environment that requires continuous supervision. This may include
facilities that house troubled or at-risk youths, autistic children, or people with
mental or physical disabilities.
5. Halfway Houses
Halfway houses, also known as transitional housing facilities and recovery
houses, hire rehabilitation and substance abuse counselors to guide patients or
residents in need of help transitioning back to a societal environment, their family,
their community, and/or entering the workforce.
Source:”Top Eight Attributes of an Effective
Counselor,“Hearst Newspaper,LLC, accessed
January 16, 2020, www.work.chron.com
11

6. Geriatric-Related Facilities
Counselors, especially geriatric counselors, are often employed by facilities,
agencies and organizations that serve the elderly population.
7. Medical Hospitals and Outpatient Clinics
Counselors are hired to work with veterans, their spouses, and family to
address issues, such as PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) and anger
management.
8. Correctional Facilities and/or Prisons
From mental health counseling to substance abuse counseling, the
prison system employs counselors to provide individual and group therapy for
individuals who are jailed, or living in a correctional facility.
9. Retail Businesses
Assuming positions in the human resources or public relations
departments of large retail organizations, job duties typically include improving
company-customer relationships, as well as designing and conducting training
programs.
10.The Educational System
Primarily helping students to better navigate the stresses of growing up
and successfully completing their studies, counselors play an important role at
all levels of the school system.
Counseling Careers
Counselors often work in a wide array of settings-even when in one specific
career. Here are the career opportunities of counselors.
1. Mental Health Counselor
Mental health counselors provide therapeutic support to clients faced
with mental, emotional and behavioral health issues, such as anxiety,
depression, stress, low self-esteem and other concerns.
2. School Counselor
Professional school counselor provides services to students to support
their academic, personal and social development while working with teachers,
administrators and parents.
Source: “Top Places to Work as a Counselor,”
Career In Psychology, accessed January 16,
2020, www.careerinpsychology.org/
12

3. Career Counselor
Career counselors help individuals understand themselves and the
world of work to make solid occupational, education and life decisions.
4. Child Counselor
Child and adolescent counselors help children and teens with physical,
emotional, or mental roadblocks that impede healthy development.
5. College Counselor
College counselors provide college students with a variety of supports in
order to promote overall academic, mental and behavioral wellness.
6. Grief Counselor
Grief counselors support client growth from profound loss, death of a
loved one, debilitating injury, terminal illness, divorce or other personal
bereavements.
7. Military Counselor
Military counselors assist active duty, veterans and their families on
mental, emotional and social concerns related to the military lifestyle and
experience.
8. Pastoral Counselor
In pastoral settings, counselors combine therapy with theological training
to offer patients a unique and integrated approach to sessions.
9. Rehabilitation Counselor
For individuals with physical, mental, developmental, and or emotional
disabilities, rehabilitation counselors assist them in leading fulfilling and
successful independent lives.
10.Substance Abuse Counselor
Substance abuse and addiction counselors work with clients to support
their mental and physical health in order to accurately provide a holistic
treatment of substance abuse disorders.
Source:”Counseling Careers,“ 2U
Incorporated,accessed January 16, 2020,
www.onlinecounsellingprograms.com/become-
a-counselor/counseling-careers/
13

Code of Ethics
Guidance counselors work with clients, as individuals and in groups, to whom they
supply professional services concerning educational, vocational, personal and social
development. The following are the ethical behaviors and unethical behaviors among
counselors:
Ethical Behaviors:
1. They protect members from practices that may result in public condemnation.
2. They provide a measure of self-regulation, thus giving members a certain
freedom and autonomy.
3. They provide clients a degree of protection from cheats and the incompetent.
4. They help to protect counselors from the public if they pursued for
malpractice.
Unethical Behaviors:
1. Incompetence
2. Lack of integrity
3. Violating confidences
4. Exceeding the level of professional competence
5. Imposing values on clients
6. Creating dependence on the part of the clients to meet the counselor’s own
needs
7. Improper advertising
8. Charging fees for private counseling to those who are entitled to free services
through the counselor’s employing institutions and or using one’s job to recruit
clients for a private practice.
Source: “Characteristics of Effective
Counseling,” University of Malawi,accessed
January 16, 2020,www.oerafrica.org
14

Directions: Let us put together the beauty of the counselor by putting the functions,
competencies, rights, responsibilities and career opportunities through a
creative graphic organizer. Place your answers on the space below.
Graphic Organizer
Name: ___________________________
Will I Report My Client or Not?
Directions: Carefully read the situation below and answer it properly.
1. In the area of confidentiality of the Code of Ethics, there is a portion on client’s
right to privacy. What if the counselor, in his/her conversation with the client,
found out that the client accidentally killed a person, will you report the client to
police or not? Write your answer in the table below.
Name: __________________
What is It
Assessment
15

References:
Counseling Job Description: What You’ll Do,” All Psychology Schools,accessed
January 16, 2020, www.llpsychologyschools.com
“Counselors -What They Do”,Student Scholarhips Org, accessed January 16, 2020,
www.studentsscholarship.org.
”Top Eight Attributes of an Effective Counselor,“Hearst Newspaper,LLC, accessed
January 16, 2020, www.work.chron.com
”Top Places to Work as a Counselor,“Career In Psychology, accessed January 16,
2020, www.careerinpsychology.org
”Counseling Careers,“ 2U Incorporated,accessed January 16, 2020,
www.onlinecounsellingprograms.com/become-a-counselor/counseling-careers
”Characteristics of Effective Counseling,“University of Malawi,accessed January 16,
2020, www.oerafrica.org
16

Lesson 3
Clientele and Audiences in Counseling
This lesson tells you the clientele and audience of counseling. It also facilitates
understanding on the needs of various types of clientele and audiences.
FILL ME!
Directions: Fill out the table with what you know about clientele and audience of
counseling.
Counseling
Clientele Audience Needs Addressed
Learning Competency:
1. describe the clientele and audience of counseling
(HUMSS_DIASS12-Id-11)
What I Need to Know
What I Know
17

Individuals and groups of people who receive service from various counseling
professions constitute the clientele and audience.
INDIVIDUAL
Individual counseling is a personal opportunity to receive support and
experience growth during challenging times in life. Such kind of counseling
facilitates one deal with a variety of life topics such as anger, depression,
anxiety, relationship challenges, substance abuse, parenting problems, school
difficulties and career changes.
Otherwise known as talk therapy, this type of counseling is done in a
confidential environment where clientele work one-on-one with a trained
professional, example, in school a guidance counselor. This counseling activity
allows individuals to explore their feelings, beliefs and behaviors, work through
challenging or influential memories, identify aspects of their lives that they would
like to change, better understand themselves and others, set personal goals
and work toward desired change.
It is focused on the individual’s immediate or near future concerns. It is
facilitated to talk to through mental health concerns and help clients heal, grow
and move toward more productive lives. It is usually lasts between 45 and 50
minutes.
GROUP
Group counseling consists of four to ten clients and one or two
experienced group therapists. During this period, the members of the group talk
about issues concerning them and offer each other support and feedback.
This type of counseling may be useful for students who are having
difficulties in their relationships or who want to learn about themselves and their
connections to other people.
What’s New
Source: “Individual Counseling”, California State
University Channel Islands, accessed January
16, 2020,https://www.csuci.edu/caps/individual-
counseling.htm
18

ORGANIZATION
Counseling and therapy aren’t just for individuals, couples and groups.
Organization can also benefit from the same techniques to help reduce
workplace anxiety, improve communication, enhance performance and support
employees more thoroughly.
This type of counseling is used to provide deeply effective coaching to
teams who lack direction, stress, burnout or anxiety.
COMMUNITY
Community counseling is geared towards increasing coordination
between community members and all the services that address all types of
discrimination.
This type of counseling applies both counseling and social work in the
community setting. Productive community counseling involves facilitating
clients work through their mental health concerns. It recognizes diversity as it
must pay attention to the diverse systems noting that a community consists of
individuals with varied personalities and perspectives.
Components of community counseling include providing advice and
consultation to a community’s caregivers to increase access to mental health
care, identifying high-risk populations, reducing the incidence of mental
disorders at an individual level, developing preventive measures to reduce
relapses, recognizing the value of the community and its ability to develop
effective programs and services.
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and write the correct answer
if it is false. Write your answer before the number.
_____1.Community counseling facilitates members of the community with
diverse needs.
_____2.High-risk populations is one concern addressed by a guidance
counselor in school.
_____3.Organization therapy is used to reduce workplace difficulties and
increase performance productivity.
Assessment
19

_____4. Group counseling is intended for four to ten students having problems
in their studies.
_____5. Organization counseling recognizes the value of the community and
its role to produce productive individuals.
_____6. One-on-one consultation happens in group counseling.
_____7.Effective coaching on teams who lack direction and experience burnout
is offered in organization counseling.
_____8.Social work and counseling are both involved in organization
counseling.
_____9. Community therapy includes giving support and feedback to members
in the group.
_____10.One receives support and personal opportunity to receive support and
experience growth during challenging times in life in individual
counseling.
20

References:
“Individual Counseling”, California State University Channel Islands, accessed
January 16, 2020,https://www.csuci.edu/caps/individual-counseling.htm
“Community Counseling”, QuinStreet, Inc. (NASDAQ:QNST), accessed January 16,
2020, www.allpscychologycareers.com/topics/community-counseling.html
“Individual and Group Counseling”, Another Choice, Another Chance, accessed
January 17, 2020, https://acacsac.org/individual-and-group-counseling
“Organizational Counseling”, PLAYFAIR Consulting, accessed January 15, 2020,
https://www.playfairconsulting.com/organizations
21

Lesson 4
Settings, Processes, Methods, and
Tools in Counseling
Counselors work in various setting settings from government to private sectors,
to civil society to school settings. They are trained to use a wide range of processes,
methods, and tools appropriate for the setting and relative to their specialty.
This module is specially made to help you learn the different settings where
counselors work.
To achieve the learning competencies of this module, you must:
1. Evaluate your prior knowledge about the topic by answering the Pre-Test
honestly;
2. Do not worry if you are not sure about your answers; step by step you will be
enhanced as you along your learning;
3. Take your time reading the lesson discussions carefully;
4. Follow the instructions in all activities and performance tasks given.
DIRECTIONS: Briefly tell what the statement has to do with a guidance
counselor.
1. A picture of an ear
2. A picture of a closed mouth
Learning Competency:
1. identify the settings in which counselors are found
(HUMSS_DIASS 12-Id-12-13)
What I Know
How to Learn from this
Module
What I Need to Know
22

3. A picture of friends
4. A picture of people "meeting "
DIFFERENT SETTINGS WHERE COUNSELORS WORK
1. Government Setting – government agencies that have counselling services
such as social welfare, correctional department, the court system, child and
women affairs services, schools, military, police, hospitals, mental and foster
homes, and rehabilitation centers are some of the government settings where
counselors are found.
2. Private Sector Setting – independent providers of services or work for NGOs
are among the range of counsellors in the private sector. The processes,
methods and tools used by counsellors in the private setting remain exactly the
same as in the government setting.
3. Civil Society Setting – charities or non-profit and issue-based centers or
organizations such as for abused women, abandoned children and elderly,
veterans, teachers, professionals, or religious groups comprises the civil
society setting were counsellors are found.
4. School Setting – the role of guidance counselor in school setting is more
complex since the needs of the students are varied. Moreover, guidance
counselors assume many different responsibilities and tasks based on the
particular needs of students and the school context.
5. Community Setting – the widest application of counseling services includes
the community setting considering the diversity of people in the community.
ROLES OF GUIDANCE COUNSELOR
Guidance counselors have to constantly develop and maintain an effective
school counseling program. Each program has a distinctive focus per cluster for
students from K-12 keeping the guidance and counseling services. The following
programs are the following:
1. The Role of the Elementary Guidance Counselor (K – 6)
The primary role of the elementary guidance counsellors includes;
 Intervention and prevention in connection to the common problems
mentioned that are likely to interfere with the ability of children to
achieve their greatest academic, social, and personal potential (Ward
& Worsham, 1998).
 Address and remediate the student’s problems
What is It
23

2. The Role of the Junior High School Guidance Counselor ( Grades 7 -10)
The primary role of the junior high school counsellors includes:
 Provide guidance and counseling in dealing with peer relationships
and social interactions, as such, includes work with students,
teachers, and parents in an attempt to aid each understand the
other ( Ward & Worsham, 1998).
 Offers general guidance services such as consulting with teachers,
parents, and staff regarding meeting the developmental needs of
each student.
 Interpreting tests, and providing orientation to transferees and new
students.
3. The Role of the Senior High School Guidance Counselor ( Grades 11-12)
 The primary role of senior high school guidance counsellors is to
provide guidance and counseling pertaining to educational and
career decisions as well as college placement counseling.
 Provide orientation activities for tranferres or new students to the
school.
Self-development Activity:
Directions: Answer the following situation honestly.
1. The place where you spent your happiest summer vacation
2. The person who taught you important beliefs in your life
3. The year when you had a big trip
4. Three things you do well
Reflection Making: Answer the question honestly.
1. If you were to be a counselor, what setting would you choose?
2. Why would you choose it?
What’s More
What I Can Do
24

Lesson 5
Counseling Services, Process and
Methods
Now that we know the scope of counseling, the person of the counselor and its
accountability, let us proceed to the services, processes and methods of counseling.
A. IS IT TRUE?
Directions: Read and understand the statements very carefully. Write TRUE if the
statement is true and FALSE if it is incorrect.
__________1. The counseling process is considered as art and science,
__________2. According to Nystul (2003) there are six steps in counseling process.
__________3. Research and Evaluation is that stage in counseling process that
provides the basic foundation like establishing rapport.
__________4. Assessment and Diagnosis is that stage of counseling where goals are
set which serve as the parameter of work and client-counselor
relationship.
__________5. Intervention and Problem Solving is the next stage after Assessment
and Diagnosis according to Nystul (2003)
1. illustrate the different processes and methods involved in undertaking counseling
(HUMSS_DIASS 12-Id-14)
2. distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations, and communities
(HUMSS_DIASS 12-Id-15)
What I Need to Know
What I Know
25

B. MY BEST OPTION.
Directions: Read carefully the following statements. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
1. Which of the following theories is used in counseling process which was developed
by Sigmund Freud?
A. psychoanalytic theory B. individual psychology
C. analytic psychology D. experiential theory
2. Which theory focuses on here and now that refers to a dialogue between the
therapist and the client?
A.Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
B. Perls Gestal Therapy
C. Carl Jung analytic psychology
D.Roger’s Person-Centered Counseling
3. According to Nystul (2003) a psychoanalytic counselor may utilize the following
methods/techniques except________,
A. free association B. dream analysis
C. Interpretation D. Encouragement
4. Adlerian psychotherapy according to Nystul (2003) involves which of the following
phases?
A. counselor congruence B. establishing the relationship
C. emphatic Understanding D. free association
5. Jung’s Analytic Psychology highlights the task of the unconscious processes
called __________.
A. emotional functioning B. psychological functioning
C. social functioning D. Spiritual functioning
26

PROCESSES IN COUNSELING
Counseling process is both considered an art and a science. As an art, it requires
the counselor to be sensitive to his clients. It needs excellent skills in listening and
ability of the counselor to demonstrate care and empathy. As a science, it requires the
use of scientific tools to obtain comprehension during the different stages of the
counseling process.
According Nystul (2003) there are six stages of the counseling process:
1. Stage 1- Relationship Building provides the force and foundation for the
counseling. Here there is a need to establish rapport, promote acceptance of the client
and promote relevant communication between the counselor and the counselee.
2. Stage 2- Assessment and Diagnosis offers appreciation of the client’s condition
and analysis of the root causes of the problem. Data gathered will be the diagnosis.
3. Stage 3- Formulation of Counseling Goals sets the direction of the counseling
process, its parameters of work and the client-counselor relationship. The client and
counselor must agree on their goals.
4. Stage 4- Intervention and Problem Solving comprises of the counseling goals,
strategies and intervention.
5. Stage 5- Termination and Follow- up progresses the client with the help of the
counselor.
6. Stage 6- Research and Evaluation can be taken at any point of the counseling
stage and provides scientific appreciation.
DRAW ME CLOSER
Directions: Illustrate the stages of counseling process stated above using a diagram/
graphic organizer.
Sample:
What’s New
What Is It
27

METHODS IN COUNSELING
There are different approaches and theoretical categories used in counseling
process. This includes psychoanalytical, affective, cognitive, and behavioral (Galding,
2000).
1. Classic Theories primed the underpinning of clinical practice.Most psychological
theories which were developed by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung and Alfred Adler are
considered to be under the category of classic theories.
a. Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory also known as psychoanalysis of the mind
which involves the discussion on ID, Ego and Superego. According to Nystul (2003) a
psychoanalytic counselor may use the following methods:
 Free association encourages discussion to suppress emotion.
 Dream analysis explores unconscious process using dreams.
 Confrontation and Clarification uses feedback procedure to determine
analysis.
 Interpretation gives insights of the patient’s inner conflicts.
b. Adler’s Individual Psychology focuses on the role of recognition in psychological
function. According to Nystul (2003) there are four phases of Adlerian Psychotheraphy
 Establishing relationship
 Performing Analysis and Assessment
 Promoting Insight
 Reorientation
c. Jung’s Analytic Psychology highlights the task of unconscious processes in
psychological functioning.
2. Experiential theories fall under affective which are concerned about generating
emotions of the clients to effect change.
A. Roger’s Person-Centered Counseling uses the “if and then” which considers
certain conditions exist in the counseling relationship until the client reaches self-
actualization.
B. Perls Gestalt Therapy centers on the approach on the here and now which
refers to the dialogue between the therapist and the client experience from the
inside and the how the counselor observes from the outside.
3. Cognitive -Behavioral Theories highlights the task of cognition of thoughts,
belief and internal behavior in person’s life.
a. Ellis Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
What’s New
28

b. Beck’s Cognitive Theory
c. Berne’s Transactional Analysis
First Three!
Directions: Choose any three of the theories discussed in this lesson and write your
understanding about it.
Theory 1: ___________________
Understanding:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Theory 2: ___________________
Understanding:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Theory 3: ___________________
Understanding:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Counseling is a very challenging profession. It does not only imply education
but also skills and abilities. It is helping relationship that needs openness from the
side of the counselee and compassion, empathy and objectivity from the counselor.
Confidentiality is part and parcel in counseling session thus codes of ethics in
counseling must be uphold. As a student, it is vital to know what is counseling and
its process all about wherein human relationship is very important in no matter what
profession one chooses it is essential to know how to help people in their great
need.
What’s More
What’s I Have Learned
29

Directions: Visit a school or any office nearby in your area where there is a counselor.
Interview him/her about methods and tools used in the counseling process. Ask
him/her on how to handle clients properly. Write your output in your notebook.
POST TEST
A. ENUMERATION
Directions: List down the 6 stages of the counseling process suggested by Nystul
(2003).
1._____________
2._____________
3._____________
4._____________
5._____________
6._____________
B. MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Directions: Read carefully the following statements. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
1. Which theory focuses on here and now that refers to a dialogue between the
therapist and the client?
A.Freud’s psychoanalytic theory B. Perls Gestal Therapy
C. Carl Jung analytic psychology D. Roger’s Person-Centered Counseling
2. Adlerian psychotherapy according to Nystul (2003) involves which of the following
phases?
A. counselor congruence B. establishing the relationship
C. emphatic Understanding D. free association
3. According to Nystul (2003) a psychoanalytic counselor may utilize the following
methods/techniques except________,
A. free association B. dream analysis
C. Interpretation D. Encouragement
What’s I Can Do
30

4. Jung’s Analytic Psychology highlights the task of the unconscious processes
called __________.
A. emotional functioning B. psychological functioning
C. social functioning D. Spiritual functioning
5. Which of the following theories is used in counseling process which was developed
by Sigmund Freud?
A. psychoanalytic theory B. individual psychology
C. analytic psychology D. experiential theory
31

Answer Key
MODULE 2: LESSON 1
A. IDENTIFICATION
1. a
2. b
3. c
4. d
5. e
6. f
7. j
8. g
9. h
10. i.
B. ARRANGE ME!
1. Initial stage
2. Data gathering
3. Mutual goal setting
4. Working stage
5. Terminating stage
6. Follow-up
What is It
(Answers May Vary)
Assessment
(Answers May Vary)
MODULE 2: LESSON 2
What I Know
(Answers May Vary)
What is It
(Answers May Vary)
Assessment
(Answers May Vary)
MODULE 2: LESSON 3
What I Know
(Answers may vary.)
32

Assessment
1. TRUE
2. Community counselor
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. Community
6. Individual
7. TRUE
8. Community
9. Group
10.TRUE
MODULE 2: LESSON 4
What I Know
(Answer may vary)
What’s More
(Answer may vary)
MODULE 2: LESSON 5
What do I know
A. True or False
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False
B. Multiple choice
1. A
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. B
33

Assessment
A. Enumeration
1. Relationship building
2. Assessment and Diagnosis
3. Formulation of Counseling goals
4. Intervention and Problem Solving
5. Termination and Follow-up
6. Research and Evaluation
B. Multiple Choice
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. A
34

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