evolution of steel after steel in industries

1. Innovation in steel and steel
industry .
Presentation by :
Sahil Kapoor
Priti Pawar
Tejas Joshi

2. About steel
 Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, and sometimes other elements. Because of its
high tensile strengthand low cost, it is a major component used
in buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, automobiles, machines, appliances,
and weapons.

3. What is innovation ?
Innovation in its modern meaning is a "new idea, creative thoughts, new imaginations in
form of device or method".
Innovation is often also viewed as the application of better solutions that meet new
requirements, unarticulated needs, or existing market needs.
Such innovation takes place through the provision of more-
effective products, processes, services, technologies, or business models that are made
available to markets, governments and society.
An innovation is something original and more effective and, as a consequence, new, that
"breaks into" the market or society. Innovation is related to, but not the same
as, invention, as innovation is more apt to involve the practical implementation of an
invention (i.e. new/improved ability) to make a meaningful impact in the market or
society, and not all innovations require an invention.
Innovation ofte manifestss itself via the engineerin processs, when the problem being
solved is of a technical or scientific nature. The opposite of innovation is exnovation.

4. Innovation of steel
 Research and development are of great importance to the voestalpine Group. The focus of its steel research lies
in the fields of mobility, energy and sustainability.
 In 2012 the innovation budget for the 1,000 strongest research companies rose 5.8 per cent to a total of EUR 466
billion, according to a study published by management consultants Booz & Company. At over six per cent, Austria
comes in at above the European average. voestalpine ranks first place in Austria with the largest research budget.
During the business year 2012/13, Group research and development expenditure rose to a new record level of
EUR 125.6 million. These investments are necessary in order to remain competitive in the global marketplace. The
focus of steel research at voestalpine lies in mobility and energy, industries with the greatest growth potential, and
in sustainability, in the areas of energy efficiency, CO₂ reduction, and zero waste.
 Greater overall benefit through a multitude of small improvements
 If one examines the huge field of production research, then the challenges lie in continuing to optimize the process
chain as a whole. As the industry has already made major improvements over the past decades, the future will
tend to see smaller but significant optimization. The main task is to combine and coordinate the individual process
steps better.
 From raw material to resource
 The steel industry has been striving to use its “resources” as efficiently as possible for many years already. This
includes greater flexibility in the materials used, for example through the innovative mixing of ores, driving the use
of natural gas rather than coal, and by using HBI & DRI technologies. Steel is also the only resource which can be
both recycled and “upcycled”; that means high quality steels can be manufactured using scrap. If the Eiffel Tower
were to be melted down, for example, then thanks to modern technologies, its scrap could be used to replace it
with four steel towers of the same height

5. Why we need Innovation in steel industry ?
 Construction projects are becoming more complex. More innovative designs require contractors to identify
how technology can help them build more unique buildings and structures.
 Structural steel is an important raw material for the construction industry. Today, innovations in steel
applications are calling for new developments in welding technology. What’s more, reliability, durability,
and safety of the steel structures are ensured by proper welding of the structural steel.
 While all of this impacting the industry, a new report is predicting the global welding safety market will
grow at a compound annual growth rate of 4.98 percent from 2016 until 2020. One of the contributing
factors is the positive outlook of the global construction sector, which will be a key driver for market
growth.
 However, the report states the labor shortage in the steel industry will poise some challenges for the
market. In particular, the Chinese steel industry has been impacted by the economic slowdown in 2015.
 To compare, the total consumption of steel in China in 2014 was 711 million metric tons, which decreased
to almost 685 million metric tons in 2015. This is a decline of 3.6 percent. The research also forecasts the
consumption of steel in China will remain low in 2016, with a further 2 percent decline in total figures.
 Still the report shows the global welding safety market will grow, due to the need for innovations in steel
applications, which are requiring the use of new welding technology.

6. Green steel
 The green steel is a new steelmaking process lowers green house gas emission,
cuts costs and improves the quality of steel. ... When we are using molten oxide
electrolysis to create oxygen from the iron in lunar soil and steel was created as a
byproduct of steel. This process is limiting carbon emissions.

7. Innovation in steel industry consists of
 Adding up of new technologies and newer techniques to match the customer
needs .
 Adapting new methods to cancel out the pollution in the environment .

8. Consumption of steel
 Construction industry is the largest consumer, accounting for approximately
50% of total world steel consumption. Transport sector (cars,
trucks, aviation, shipbuilding, and rail) is the second. The machinery industry
and metal products industry each consume around 14% of the world's steel.

9. Leaders of steel industry in INDIA
 Leading steel Induestries in India
 JSW Steel is a flagship company of the JSW Group. ...
 Tata Steel is currently the world's second-most geographically diversified steel
producer. ...
 Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) is the largest steel-making company in India
and one of the seven Maharatna's of the country's Central Public Sector
Enterprises.

10. Stainless steel as building material
 Developed in the early 1900’s stainless steel has proved to be an important material for use within a wide range of industries as well as for a range of
applications. It is widely used within the construction industry.
 Chosen for use within the construction industry for various reasons including the fact that it has a high resistance to corrosion as well as high and low
temperatures the majority of stainless steel is fairly easily fabricated. It comes in a whole range of surface finishes which are easy to maintain but how is
steel used within the construction industry?
 Stainless Steel is used to provide support and strength to a structure but in regards to architecture steel is used for construction work which not only
needs to fulfil its purpose and be durable but stainless steel is ideal for also creating style too. Enhancements to buildings can be made from stainless
steel which if they were produced from another material they would prove extremely costly.
 When a building is being constructed it needs an adequate structure to it in order for it to have support. Many parts of the structure are made from
stainless steel including lintels, wall starters, windposts and masonary supports. These are manufactured form stainless steel strip, stainless steel
plate and stainless steel wire. In addition a range of fixings can be used including wall ties, tying wire, screws and nails all manufactured form stainless
steel.

11. Stainless steel
 Stainless steel is used in all aspects of architecture, building and construction.
While it has been used in this industry since the 1920’s and is not a new material,
stainless steel’s use and range of applications has been growing. Some
applications are highly visible and stainless steel is both aesthetic and functional,
such as curtain wall and roofing. Others are practical, safety related and
sometimes hidden, like masonry and stone anchors, bollards and safety railings.
 The number of different stainless steel alloys used in building and construction has
expanded. The more highly alloyed molybdenum containing stainless steels are
preferred by leading architectural and landscape design and structural engineering
firms for more corrosive locations because of their enhanced corrosion resistance.

12. Uses of Stainless Steel
Some of the most popular uses of stainless steel in construction are:
 Architectural Cladding
 Handrails
 Drainage and Water Systems
 Wall Support Products
 Roofing
 Structure
 Fixings
Withoutt stainless steel in construction we would probably see a rise in prices to build
because the other substitutes are more expensive. In addition to this we would see
buildings which didn’t look as aesthetically pleasing and weren’t as resistant to corrosion

13. Advantages of using Stainless Steel
 There are different corrosion resistant properties associated with different grades of
stainless steel. Because of the invisible layer of chromium oxide that protects stainless
steel materials, making them stain and corrosion resistant, stainless steel is also the
ideal choice for hospital and other hygiene-conscious conditions.
 Another major benefit of using stainless steel materials is the significant strength-to-
weight advantage over other material options. Because of the unique ability of stainless
steel to resist corrosion, heat damage and chemical damage, high strength duplex
grades provide added strength, allowing for a reduced thickness in the material,
providing a cost advantage over conventional grades of stainless steel.
 As much as 50 percent of all new stainless steel that is manufactured in the United
States is made from remelted scrap metal. Stainless steel is 100 percent recyclable. In
today’s environmentally-conscious world, these benefits make stainless steel a
welcome choice for eco-friendly construction projects. Speak with your local steel
supplier in Massachusetts for more information about the benefits of using stainless
steel.

14. Disadvantages of using stainless steel
Every material has its disadvantages and stainless steel is no exception. Some
of the primary disadvantages include its:
 high initial cost, especially when alternative metals are considered.
 difficulty in fabricating. When attempting to fabricate stainless steel without
using the highest technology machines and proper techniques, it can be a
difficult metal to handle. This can often result in costly waste and re-work.
 difficulty in welding due to its fast dissipation of heat which can also produce
ruined pieces or high wastage costs.
 high cost of final polishing and finishing.

15. Stainless steel and environment
The main source of raw material for making stainless steels is re-cycled scrap metal. This
recycling route has been established for many years and the economics of the stainless
steel making industry depend on recycling.
The steel is melted electrically and in most cases refined by using inert air distilled gases,
such as argon. Great care is taken to minimise fume and dust emissions. Some plants are
equipped to re-cycle dust into the steel making process.
As stainless steels are corrosion resistant alloys their life expectancy is usually long. A
minimum of maintenance is needed and so, although more expensive initially, they offer
attractive "life-cycle cost" benefits over alternatives such as carbon steels.
Stainless steels are easily cleansible and so an obvious choice for food and beverage
manufacturing industries and catering equipment. There are no proven health risks from
the normal use of stainless steels. The possible risks from alloying elements such as nickel
and chromium are under constant review by experts.

16. Difference in m.s steel and Stainless steel
 Carbon steel is sometimes referred to as ‘mild steel’ or ‘plain carbon steel’. The
American Iron and Steel Institute defines a carbon steel as having no more than 2
% carbon and no other appreciable alloying element. Carbon steel makes up the
largest part of steel production and is used in a vast range of applications. Welding
carbon steels with a carbon content greater than 0.3 % requires that special
precautions be taken. However, welding carbon steel presents far fewer problems
than welding stainless steels in the flange making process.
 Stainless steel is defined as a steel alloy with a minimum of 11.5 wt% chromium
content. Stainless steel does not stain, corrode or rust as easily as ordinary steel
(it “stains less”), but it is not stain-proof. It is also called corrosion resistant steel
when the alloy type and grade are not detailed, particularly in the aviation industry.
There are different grades and surface finishes of stainless steel to suit the
environment to which the material will be subjected in its lifetime.

17.  Costing :
 Cost is a very important factor that is to be considered in the Manufacturing
Industries. Miled steel is a cheap form of iron-carbon alloy, and hence is cheap and
suitable to be used in the flange Manufacturing Industries.
 Stainless steel is only more expensive to make , more expensive to machine and
when it is welded it moves/changes its shape and needs very skilled and
experienced welders. Also, stainless steel contains additional compounds that
reduces hydro-corrosion and increases the hardness of the steel. This makes is
more expensive, less malleable and is more likely to suffer from stress fatigue and
stress fractures, which calls for a lot of fixing, hence increasing the cost factor and
making it less suitable to be used for the making of flanges.

18.  Usability :
 Mild steel is the most common high volume steel in production. It is often used
when large amounts of steel is needed, for example as structural steel .Mild steel
is the most common form of steel as its price is relatively low while it provides
material properties that are acceptable for many applications especially in the
flange making industries.
 On the other hand Stainless Steel is a hard , beautiful metal which is ideal for
furniture and art decor but finds lesser applications in Manufacturing Industries and
especially that of flanges due to the cost factor, brittleness , non – malleability ,etc.

19.  Malleability :
 Mild steel is any day more malleable than stainless steel , hence paving its way in
to the manufacturing industries and its excessive use in flange making. It is subject
to corrosion but is malleable and does not suffer from the brittleness issues of
stainless steel thereby making stainless steel less effective to be used in flange
making.
 Corrosive properties :
 When it comes to resistance to corrosion, mild steel is a lot more vulnerable when
compared to steel. Basically, steel contains a sufficient amount of chromium that
helps it form a kind of passive film made out of chromium oxide that helps prevent
further corrosion. Do keep in mind that there are modern treatments that can be
applied to mild steel which can help delay or completely prevent corrosion in it as
well.

20.  Hardness and Strength:
 Mild steel is less harder than that of stainless steel as stainless steel reduces
hydro-corrosion and increases the hardness of the steel. But this makes it less
ductile. Mild steel has a reasonable strength and hardness it is easier to weld than
stainless, and it is cheaper. Eventhough mild steel has a relatively lower tensile
strength , it is malleable and ductile , highly suitable for the manufacturing of
flanges. However mild steel can be hardened by increasing the carbon content and
surface hardness can be increased through carburizing.
 Weight:
 Mild steel weighs less than that of stainless steel. Stainless steel weighs more due
to its hardening properties and has a lesser occupancy to be used for flange
making as it makes it difficult to be handled during the manufacturing process.