Research methedology by Dr. Jagadish V Tawade

Best Wishes from BKIT, Bhalki
HEARTY WELCOME TO YOU ALL
Two days Multidisciplinary Seminar @ Reshmi
Degree College, KLB on 19th March 2018
9 April 2018 1

By
Dr. Jagadish Tawade
Bheemanna Khandre Institute of Technology,
Bhalki- 585328. Dist: Bidar, Karnataka.
&
Technical skills for writing a paper

Objectives of this Presentation
• To motivate faculty to take up research and
inculcate the research attitude in them.
• To train faculty to carry out research in
scientific and systematic manner
• To expose the faculty to the finer details of
research methodology tools.
Two days Multidisciplinary Seminar @ Reshmi
Degree College, KLB on 19th March 20189 April 2018 3

Outline
• Research Motivation and Planning
• Literature Survey and defining the problem
• Technical Writing skills
• Research Ethics
Two days Multidisciplinary Seminar @
Reshmi Degree College, KLB on 19th March
2018
9 April 2018 4

Why a Faculty should take up Research
• Opportunity to widen the knowledge base
• Sharpening of learning skills
• Opportunity to publish research papers
• Opportunity to take financial grant for
research projects
• Earn more through consultancy projects ETC…
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What is ?
From an old French word,
“sercher” - to seek or search
prefix “re” – again
 It is defined as “intensive search with the purpose of
becoming certain”.
 It is a systematic investigation into reality to gain knowledge.
Two days Multidisciplinary Seminar @ Reshmi Degree College, KLB on 19th March 20189 April 2018 6

• Research: Investigate systematically, “the systematic investigation
into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts
and reach new conclusions”
• Research includes any gathering of data, information, and facts for
the advancement of knowledge
• Research may lead to new Theory, Proposal, Correlation, Design or
Method or even a new Product.
• Locating, analyzing, and sharing information are key steps in the
research process
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What is the Research Methodology
• Research Methodology is the systematic,
theoretical analysis of the methods applied to
a field of study. It comprises the theoretical
analysis of the body of methods and principles
associated with a branch of knowledge.
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Why follow Research ?
• Research does not begin with the results!!!
• Identification of needs/requirements.
• Creation/establishment of ideas
• Formalization of ideas
• Testing
• Dissemination /destribution
• Refinement / modification
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Classification of Research
• Based on Application:
1. Pure (Basic)Research: Pure Research involves developing and/or testing
new theories, models, designs and correlation that may or may not have
immediate application but of immense importance from the point of
view of development of knowledge base in fundamental aspects.
2. Applied Research
Applied Research refers to research carried out to derive a methodology,
model, design or analysis for problems that have immediate application. In
case of applied research, the immediate application of anticipated
solution dictates the problem for the research.
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Basic types of research
1. Descriptive vs. Analytical:
Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of
different kinds. In analytical research, the researcher has to use
facts or informations already available, and analyze these to make
a critical evaluation of the material.
2. Applied Vs. Fundamental(pure):
Applied research aims at finding a solution for an immediate
problem facing a society or an industrial/ business organization,
whereas fundamental research is mainly concerned with
generalizations and with the formulation of a theory. Gathering
knowledge for knowledge’s sake is termed fundamental research.Two days Multidisciplinary Seminar @
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3. Quantitative vs. Qualitative:
Quantitative research is applicable to phenomena that can
be expressed in terms of quantities/measurements. To
apply such research one should seek guidance from
experimental psychologists.
Qualitative research is a kind of ‘Motivation Research’
aims at discovering the underlying motives and desires,
using in depth interviews for the purpose. Through such
research we can analyse the various factors which make
people like or dislike a particular thing.Two days Multidisciplinary Seminar @
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Quantitative Methodologies
• Controlled context
• Assign numbers to data
• Studies include statistical and correlational
analysis, surveys and controlled experiments.
• Observation of students in their normal school
activities.
• Visual Analysis participants will draw their
perceptions of the Academy’s facilities.
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4. Conceptual vs. Empirical:
Conceptual research is related to some ideas or theory
generally used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new
concepts or to reinterpret existing ones.
Empirical research is an experimental type of research
relies on experience or observations.
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Significance of research
Research includes,
1. Scientific and inductive thinking
2. Helps in economic system of nearly all govt. policies
3. Solving various problems of business and industry
4. It is equally important for social scientists in studying
social relationships and seeking answers to various
social problems.
5. For writing master’s or Ph.D thesis
6. To philosophers and thinkers research may mean the
outlet of new ideas and insights.
7. To analysts and intellectuals, research may mean the
development of new theories. Etc..
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Research Methodology - Mandatory Steps
• Finding a topic
• Problem specification
• State-of-the-art (literature review)
• Proposed approaches and their justification
• Tools and methods used
• Expected results and their significance
• Plan of activities, time table
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Research methodology – mandatory steps
1. Finding a topic
a) –Worthwhile problem/question still unsolved
b) –Be able to solve it
c) –Not a toy problem, but not too big to finish
2. Problem specification (literature review)
a) –Concise( summarizing ) & unambiguous (cleaer) description of the problem
to solve .
b) –Requirements specification
c) – Begin with broad questions
d) – Focus on highly narrowed down questions
e) – Analyse in the focused arena
f) – Generalise the results using broad testing methodology
3. State-of-the-art (literature review)
a) –Proving the originality and value of your work
b) –Know what’s already done
c) –Know who you should talk toTwo days Multidisciplinary Seminar @
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4. Proposed approaches and their justification
a) –How do you solve the problem
b) –Design phase: modeling, architecture, interface...
5. Tools and methods used
a) –What are you using for solving the problem
b) –Implementation phase: algorithms, data structure...
6. Expected results and their significance
a) –Addressed in the context of already existing work
b) –Evaluate your results (functional and non-functional points of view)
c) –Indicate the criteria
7. Plan of activities, time table
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These are the steps in the research writing process:
• Choose a topic.
• Plan and schedule time to research and write.
• Conduct research.
• Organize research and ideas.
• Draft your paper.
• Revise and edit your paper.
Writing a good RESEARCH PAPER
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1. Purpose of Writing Research Paper:
• Identify reasons to research writing projects.
• Outline the steps of the research writing process.
2.Why do we need to learn how to write a research paper?
• In college, you will be asked to write many research papers,
and you need to learn what goes into writing a successful
paper.
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General Structure of a research paper
• Title of the Research paper
• Name of the Authors
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Literature Review Body
• Methodology
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• Reference
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Procedure to follow…..
 Each section in research paper has its importance.
 Knowing all the basics, write research paper properly.
 Decide What Type Is Your Research Paper?
 Self evaluate your work.
 Identify the potential audience for your research article.
 Set rules for technical and scientific writing.
 Be simple and concise.

Choosing & narrowing a topic clarifying
assignment
• Choosing Your Topic
• Choose a topic that satisfies your assignment’s
requirements. Focus your choice for topical specificity
• Breadth. You may need to start broad and let your
research take you narrower.
• Originality. Choose a topic that will allow you to
contribute to the field, rather than just regurgitate
facts.
• Sources. On the other hand, also choose a topic
that has scholarly grounding.
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• Narrowing Your Topic
• Focus on a specific TYPE or CLASS
• Focus on a particular PLACE or REGION
• Focus on a certain TIME PERIOD
• Focus on a certain ASPECT
o Social, legal, medical, ethical, biological,
psychological, economic, political, philosophical, etc.
• Focus on a specific POPULATION
o Gender, age, occupation, ethnicity, nationality,
educational attainment, species, etc.
• Focus on a RELATIONSHIP with two or more topics
• COMBINE different kinds of focuses
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Tips: Use journalistic questions: who?, what?, when?, where?, why?
Review recent literature (journals, trade papers, etc.)
Recall questions asked in class.
Apply your paper to your career goals.
Talk to your professor.
Narrowing Your Topic continued….
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Gathering material
I. Some note taking methods
II. Avoiding Plagiarism
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I.Some note-taking methods
• PROVIDES FOCUS FOR RESEARCH AND PAPER
OWN YOUR TOPIC!
 What interests you the most about the topic?
 Make a listing of questions you would like to have answered
about the topic
 What would capture the interest of the reader?
• PICK ISSUE THAT CAN BE RESEARCHED
 Make sure topic is not too broad or narrow in scope
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II.Avoiding Plagiarism
• Cite all of your sources
• Never represent the ideas or words of another as your own –
plagiarism can result in student dismissal!
• Use index cards when doing research
• Direct Quote – put in quotation marks
• Summary – condenses information and puts it in your own
words
• Paraphrase – roughly same length as original, but information
is stated in your own words.
• All of the above need to be cited – put citation information on
back of card for future reference.
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Annotated Bibliography
• An annotated bibliography is a survey of
sources relating to your narrowed topic.
• It looks like a works cited page, but each
bibliographic entry is followed by a
paragraph or two of written commentary:
 What the source is about?
 How it relates to your topic?
 How you might use it in your research
paper? and any strengths and weakness in
the source.
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 After selecting a research
topic, few steps have to be
followed to gain relevant
information of the topic.
These steps are as given in
the Figure.
How to collect the material from
Annotated bibliography Bibliographic details
Of the text
Brief
overview/description
of the content
Critical analysis
Of the text
Statement of
Relevance/useful
ness
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Do Final Reading & Make Last Minute Revisions
• Always take time to do final reading.
• Read paper slowly out-loud to listen for errors.
• Ask someone else to read through paper to make sure you have
expressed yourself clearly.
• No corrections are trivial – take the time to present yourself in best
possible light.
• Follow the Author instructions given by the editors of the journal.
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DECIDE ON THE TYPE OF YOUR MANUSCRIPT
• Full articles / Original articles
• The most important papers; often substantial completed
pieces of research that are of significance.
• Letters / Rapid Communications / Short Communications
• Usually published for the quick and early communication of
significant and original advances; much shorter than full
articles (usually strictly limited).
• Review papers / Perspectives
• Summarize recent developments on a specific topic;
highlight important points that have been previously
reported and introduce no new information; often submitted
on invitation.
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Flowchart for The process of publishing a paper in a journal
Submit a
paper
Basic requirements met?
REJECT
Assign
reviewers
Collect reviewers’
recommendations
Make a
decision
Revise the
paper
[Reject]
[Revision required]
[Accept]
[Yes]
[No]
Review and give
recommendation
START
ACCEPT
Author Editor Reviewer
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Impact Factor: “The average annual number
of citations per article published”
 For example: The 2017 impact factor for a journal would be calculated
as follows:
 A = the number of times articles published in 2015 and 2016 were
cited in indexed journals during 2017 (i.e.600)
 B = the number of "citable items" (usually articles, reviews,
proceedings or notes; not editorials and letters-to-the-Editor)
published in 2015and 2016 (i.e. 300)
 2017 impact factor = A/B
i.e. [600 ciations/300 articles] = 2
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Which step have you reached today ?
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• Learn to listen –ITS AN ART, NOT ALL CAN DO IT
• Remember intrinsic motivation is the key
You should…..
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9 April 2018
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Research methedology by Dr. Jagadish V Tawade

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