2. Overview
Requirements of an insurable risk
Large number of similar risk exposure units
Accidental and unintentional loss
No catastrophic loss
Determinable and measurable loss
Calculable chance of loss
3. Definition of 'Insurable Risk'
Definition: A risk that conforms to the norms and
specifications of the insurance policy in such a way
that the criterion for insurance is fulfilled is called
insurable risk.
Description: There are various essential conditions
that need to be fulfilled before acceptance of
insurability of any risk. In case of a scenario where
the loss is too huge that no insurer would want to
pay for it, the risk is said to be uninsurable.
A risk may not be termed as insurable if it is
immeasurable, very large, certain or not definable.
4. Insurance - Insurable Risks
Insurable Risks: Risks are generally divided
into two classes:
Pure risks and Speculative risks.
Pure Risks- these risks involve only the
chance of loss, there is never an opportunity
for gain or profit.
Examples: injury from an accident, loss of
home from an earthquake.
Only Pure Risks are Insurable
5. Insurance - Insurable Risks
Speculative Risks- These risks involve
both the chance of gain or loss.
Examples: Gambling at the race track, or
investing in the real estate market.
Speculative Risk is not Insurable
6. Elements of an Insurable Risk
Loss must not be catastrophic
Loss must be unexpected or accidental
Loss produced by the risk must be
definite and
Measurable must be a significantly large
number of homogeneous exposure units
to make the losses reasonable predictable
7. Economic Scale
Risks can also be evaluated on an economic scale
comparing static and dynamic risks:
Static Risks are the losses that are caused by factors
other than a change in the economy (for example-
hurricanes, earthquakes, other natural disasters)
Dynamic Risks are the result of the economy changing
(examples- inflation, recession, and other business
cycle changes).
Dynamic risks are not insurable.
8. Factors Determining Insurable
Risk
If the insurance company has enough statistics to work out the
probability of the risk, this is called an insurable risk.
Actuaries are highly qualified people working for insurance
companies; their role is to work out exactly what risks the company
will carry. The degree of the risk will influence the insurance
premium.
Some examples of insurable risk
Fire insurance
The book value and the market or replacement value of insured property
Money in transit-An insurance policy in which the insurance company will
pay if money is stolen or lost when it is being moved between two places,
for example between a shop and a bank.
Storm, damage and theft
Fidelity insurance -Insurance taken out by an employer against losses
incurred through dishonesty by employees.
9. Factors Determining
Uninsurable Risk
An insurance company cannot calculate the
probability of the risk
Risk is too widespread- war, catastrophic
When the loss is incurred due to your own
deliberate actions
10. Insurable Types of Risk
Personal risk is any risk that can affect the health or safety
of an individual, such as being injured by an accident or
suffering from an illness.
Property risk is any risk that can cause a partial or total loss
to property, such as theft, fire, or so-called "acts of God".
Liability risk is the personal or business risk associated with
being found liable to another because of negligence or willful
acts that caused a loss to another's property or person, such as
injuring someone while driving under the influence of
alcohol, or because the insured failed to perform a duty, such
as performing contractual obligations.
How does liability risk convert into legal
risk?
11. Uninsurable Risk
Price fluctuations from the time the order for
goods is placed and the delivery of the goods.
Different price levels at different places
New inventions that replace old technology,
eg. In the IT industry
Nuclear weapons or war
Changes in fashions when goods become
obsolete.
12. Top Five Uninsurable Risks
Reputational Risks-Reputation of entity
& person. Goodwill.(Overdraft)
Regulatory Risks-Any regulation from
the govt side
Trade Secrets Risks-Inventions
Political Risks
Pandemic Risks ( COVID19)
14. Risk Management Decision-Making
Risk Avoidance – This strategy involves a
conscious decision on the part of the organisation
to avoid completely a particular risk by
discontinuing the operation producing the risk e.g.
the replacing a hazardous chemical by one with
less or no risk potential.
Risk Retention – The risk is retained in the
organisation where any consequent loss is
financed by the company. There are two aspects
to consider here, risk retention with knowledge
and risk retention without knowledge.
Theory of Black Swan in risk management -
15. Risk Management Decision-Making
Risk Transfer – This refers to the legal
assignment of the costs of certain potential losses
from one party to another. The most common way
is by insurance.( Hold Harmless Clause)
Risk Reduction/Mitigation – Here the risks
are systematically reduced through control
measures, according to the hierarchy of risk
control described in earlier sections.
16. Others Risk Management Tools
Risk management information
System(RMIS)
Risk Management Intranet
Risks Mapping
Value at risk(VAR) analysis
Catastrophic Modeling
17. Risk Management Information
System (RMIS)
A risk management information
system (RMIS) is an information system that
assists in consolidating property values, claims,
policy, and exposure information and
providing the tracking and management
reporting capabilities to enable the user to
monitor and control the overall cost of risk
management.
18. Risk Management Intranet
An intranet is a private network with search
capabilities designed for a limited, internal
audience.
Academic organizations use such management
because the main goal is to provide and maintain an
environment that will enhance and support the
mission and academic goals of the University.
Exceptional service is an essential component and
goal of all departmental undertakings.
19. Risks Mapping
The goal of a risk map is to improve an
organization's understanding of its risk
profile and appetite.
Clarify thinking on the nature and impact of
risks.
Improve the organization's risk assessment
model.
20. Value at risk(VAR) analysis
Value at risk (VaR) is a statistical technique
used to measure and quantify the level of
financial risk within a firm or investment
portfolio over a specific time frame.
Value at risk is used by risk managers in
order to measure and control the level
of risk which the firm undertakes.
It can determined using historical data and
running a computer simulation.
21. Catastrophic Modeling
Catastrophe modeling (also known as cat
modeling) is the process of using
computer-assisted calculations to
estimate the losses that could be
sustained due to a catastrophic event
such as a hurricane or earthquake.
22. Legal Liability for Injury
The legal claim that a
person failed to act as a
reasonable and prudent
person should, thereby
resulting in injury to another
person.
23. 4 Required Elements
Duty
Proper Instruction
Access to Medical Care
Proper Progressions
Safe Facilities
Appropriate Supervision
Teach safety procedures
24. 4 Required Elements
Breach
Failure to meet the standard of Care
Cause
The breach must be the cause of the harm.
Harm
In most jurisdictions, the harm must be
physical.
25. Tort Law
Tort: a French word for wrong; a private or civil
wrong or injury, other than breach of contract,
suffered due to another person's conduct.
Tort law: a part of the civil law that provides
remedies for acts that cause harm; therefore,
injured parties may file civil lawsuits in an attempt
to seek compensation for their injuries.
26. Tort Law
Tort damages are monetary damages
that are sought from the offending
party.
They are intended to compensate the
injured party for the injury suffered.
27. Tort law imposes a duty on
persons and business agents
not to intentionally or negligently
injure others in society.
ns and business agents not to
intentionally or negligently injure
others in society.