This document discusses different techniques for understanding students and engaging them in learning, including: 1) Connecting students to nature through the "biophilia hypothesis" and increasing outdoor time, as animals can evoke curiosity and joy in children. 2) Using mind-mapping to understand what students are thinking. 3) Incorporating various artforms like movies, music, painting and crafts into education. 4) Telling stories, which is a powerful tool that humans remember best and can develop skills while preserving culture. 5) Developing foundational literacy and numeracy skills by grade 3 through reading, writing and building numeracy understanding.