1. TheThe National AntiNational Anti--Corruption Unit (NACU)Corruption Unit (NACU)
ÅKLAGARMYNDIGHETE N
1
TheThe National AntiNational Anti--Corruption Unit (NACU)Corruption Unit (NACU)

2. TopicsTopics
•• AboutAbout thethe unitunit
•• The Swedish legislation on corruptionThe Swedish legislation on corruption
•• MyMy thoughtsthoughts onon howhow corruptioncorruption cancan bebe
counteredcounteredcounteredcountered
2

3. TheThe SwedishSwedish ProsecutionProsecution
AuthorityAuthority
Prosecutor General
Office of the Prosecutor General
-Legal Division
-Division for Prosecutorial Matters
National Economic
Crimes Bureau
4 Development Centres
3
-Division for Prosecutorial Matters
-Division of Administration
-Division of Communication
43 Local Public Prosecution Offices
-35 General Prosecution Offices
- 3 International Prosecution Offices
- 4 National Prosecution Offices

4. A prosecutors dutiesA prosecutors duties
1.1. leads the investigation, initiates and decides the use ofleads the investigation, initiates and decides the use of
coercive measurescoercive measures
2.2. Can decide on arrests for max 4 daysCan decide on arrests for max 4 days
3.3. Decides on prosecution, i.e. whether to indict or notDecides on prosecution, i.e. whether to indict or not
4.4. Appears in courtAppears in court
4
4.4. Appears in courtAppears in court
5.5. Entitled to appeal to and handle cases in the court ofEntitled to appeal to and handle cases in the court of
appealappeal

5. National AntiNational Anti--CorruptionCorruption UnitUnit
•• A unit within the Swedish ProsecutionA unit within the Swedish Prosecution
AuthorityAuthority
•• EtablishedEtablished in 2003in 2003
•• The unitThe unit
5
•• The unitThe unit
–– is headed by a Directoris headed by a Director
–– seven Public Prosecutorsseven Public Prosecutors
–– three specialised forensic accountantsthree specialised forensic accountants

6. National AntiNational Anti--CorruptionCorruption UnitUnit
A staff well experienced in criminalA staff well experienced in criminal
investigations concerninginvestigations concerning
•• Financial crimesFinancial crimes
•• Serious organized crimesSerious organized crimes
6
•• Serious organized crimesSerious organized crimes
•• International coInternational co--operationoperation

7. TheThe unitsunits mainmain tasktask
•• CriminalizedCriminalized corruptioncorruption
•• ComplexComplex or extensiveor extensive crimecrime ofof seniorsenior
executivesexecutives withinwithin private or publicprivate or public sectorsector
whowho havehave abusedabused oror exploitedexploited thethe powerpowerwhowho havehave abusedabused oror exploitedexploited thethe powerpower
thatthat comescomes withwith hishis positionposition
•• OffencesOffences relatedrelated toto suchsuch crimecrime ((egeg breachbreach
ofof trusttrust againstagainst a principal,a principal, bookbook--keepingkeeping
crimecrime and so on)and so on)
7

8. National AntiNational Anti--Corruption UnitCorruption Unit
•• A specialist investigative unit, intelligenceA specialist investigative unit, intelligence
and ITand IT--forensic resources at the Nationalforensic resources at the National
Police is attached to NACUPolice is attached to NACU
•• coco--operates with otheroperates with other authoritysauthoritys such assuch as
8
•• coco--operates with otheroperates with other authoritysauthoritys such assuch as
thethe National TaxNational Tax AuthorityAuthority
•• Supervising authorities, such as the StateSupervising authorities, such as the State
Audit Institution and the NationalAudit Institution and the National
Competition Authority are also vitalCompetition Authority are also vital
partners to copartners to co--operate withoperate with

9. National AntiNational Anti--Corruption UnitCorruption Unit
•• Deals with 80Deals with 80 -- 120 cases pro annum120 cases pro annum
•• The cases concerns both public andThe cases concerns both public and
private sectorprivate sector
•• There are no visible signs of corruption inThere are no visible signs of corruption in
9
•• There are no visible signs of corruption inThere are no visible signs of corruption in
public administration linked to seriouspublic administration linked to serious
organized crimeorganized crime

10. SourcesSources ofof newnew casescases
•• MediaMedia
•• WhistleWhistle blowersblowers
•• PublicPublic
•• Reports fromReports from compliancecompliance oror peoplepeople inin•• Reports fromReports from compliancecompliance oror peoplepeople inin
similarsimilar positionspositions
•• Information fromInformation from otherother authoritiesauthorities
10

11. Some of the principles ofSome of the principles of
Swedish criminal lawSwedish criminal law
concerning corruptionconcerning corruption
11
concerning corruptionconcerning corruption
..

12. Bribery, two sides of one coinBribery, two sides of one coin
THE BRIBERTHE BRIBER
•• PromisesPromises
•• OffersOffers
THE BRIBEDTHE BRIBED
•• Accepts promisesAccepts promises
•• DemandsDemands
12
•• OffersOffers
•• GivesGives
•• DemandsDemands
•• ReceivesReceives
ImproperImproper reward forreward for exercisingexercising
one’s dutiesone’s duties
Create dependence – in order to violate a trust
Principal
The public

13. The BribeThe Bribe
•• Rewards, benefits, conditionsRewards, benefits, conditions
•• Cash, gift vouchers, goods, services, bonuses,Cash, gift vouchers, goods, services, bonuses,
rebates, loans, personal guaranteesrebates, loans, personal guarantees
•• Travel, food, accommodation, restaurants, etc.Travel, food, accommodation, restaurants, etc.
13
•• Travel, food, accommodation, restaurants, etc.Travel, food, accommodation, restaurants, etc.
•• WellWell--paid jobspaid jobs
•• Discounts, attentionDiscounts, attention
The reward does not need to have financial valueThe reward does not need to have financial value
for the receiverfor the receiver –– other attractions sufficeother attractions suffice

14. BribesBribes == improperimproper rewardsrewards
•• AA bribebribe
–– an employee receiving a benefit foran employee receiving a benefit for
performing an unallowed act while exercisingperforming an unallowed act while exercising
hishis dutiesdutieshishis dutiesduties
–– an employeean employee receivingreceiving an improper benefitan improper benefit
without performing an unallowed act whilewithout performing an unallowed act while
exercising his duties.exercising his duties.

15. ImproperImproper
•• Assessment of all the circumstances suchAssessment of all the circumstances such
asas
–– OpennessOpenness
–– PurposePurpose
–– TermsTerms
15
–– TermsTerms
–– Value of the rewardValue of the reward
–– Status of the recipientStatus of the recipient
–– Personal connectionPersonal connection
–– Consent from the principalConsent from the principal
–– Practice and public perceptionPractice and public perception
–– Protected interestProtected interest

16. Trading inTrading in influenceinfluence
•• Offer,Offer, promisepromise or grant benefitsor grant benefits toto anotheranother
person in orderperson in order toto influenceinfluence thethe exerciseexercise
ofof publicpublic authorityauthority or publicor public procurementprocurement
in anin an improperimproper waywayin anin an improperimproper wayway
•• TargetedTargeted onon peoplepeople surrondingsurronding aa
descisiondescision--makermaker
16

17. NegligentNegligent financingfinancing ofof
briberybribery
•• aa commercialcommercial organisation providesorganisation provides
financialfinancial oror otherother assetsassets toto anyoneanyone
representingrepresenting it in ait in a certaincertain mattermatter andand
whichwhich therebythereby throughthrough grossgross negligencenegligencewhichwhich therebythereby throughthrough grossgross negligencenegligence
furthersfurthers thethe offencesoffences ofof givinggiving aa bribebribe oror
trading intrading in influenceinfluence inin thatthat mattermatter
•• ImportantImportant for thefor the thethe businessbusiness sectorsector toto
establishestablish aa codecode on gifts andon gifts and otherother
benefitsbenefits
17

18. HowHow toto preventprevent corruptioncorruption
withinwithin the publicthe public sectorsector??
•• OpennessOpenness
–– legislationlegislation aboutabout public accesspublic access to theto the
authorities’ activitiesauthorities’ activities and to official recordsand to official records
–– Free and independent mediaFree and independent media
•• Monitoring of those in powerMonitoring of those in power
18
•• Monitoring of those in powerMonitoring of those in power
•• Independent judiciaryIndependent judiciary
•• WellWell--paid officialspaid officials

19. WhyWhy relativelyrelatively lowlow levellevel ofof
corruptioncorruption in Sweden?in Sweden?
•• TheThe principleprinciple of public access toof public access to officialofficial
recordsrecords
•• Long timeLong time stablestable politicalpolitical situationsituation•• Long timeLong time stablestable politicalpolitical situationsituation
•• LowLow corruptioncorruption tolerancetolerance levellevel amongamong thethe
general populationgeneral population
19