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1. Ethernet Advanced

2. Introduction to Advanced Ethernet
• Ethernet is most widely used network technology
• Introduced by IEEE 802.3
• Ethernet systems are 10Base-T and 10Base-FL
• High speed Ethernet includes
– 100Base Ethernet
– Gigabit Ethernet
– Switched Ethernet
– Full Duplex Ethernet

3. Features of Advanced Ethernet
• Advanced Ethernet would use a physical star to match
the robustness of Token ring
• It would not use more expensive coaxial cables and
adopt inexpensive UTP cabling
• It would use the same frame types and speeds of the
older Ethernets so that new Ethernets will be compatible
with older ones

4. 10BASE-T - I
• Ethernet standard known as twisted pair Ethernet
• Uses a star bus topology
• Stations are connected to a hub using pairs of twisted cables
• Features:
– Failure of one system does not affect entire network
– Easy troubleshooting
– Addition and removal of device does not affect network

5. 10BASE-T Topology
• Uses a physical star topology in which each node connects to a
central hub
• Hub is a multiport repeater. It receives the signal from one port,
regenerates it and passes the signal to all the other ports

6. Meaning of 10BASE-T
• 10 refer to 10 Mbps transmission speed, Base is for
baseband signaling and T stands for twisted pair cable

7. 10Base T Specifications and Limitations
• Specifications include:
– Fault Tolerant
– Easy Troubleshooting
– Easy Moves and Changes
• Limitations include:
– Distance
– Sensitive to noise
– Number of computers connected is limited to 1024

8. Cabling Consideration
• Cable testers can be used to check the
parameters of the cable
• UTP cables use stranded kevlar fiber which
gives better strength to the cable
• 10 Base T requires only 2 pair cabling
• RJ45 connectors used to connect UTP cables
• Maximum length of cable is 100m from hub to
a node

9. Wiring Standards

10. 10BASE-FL
• Ethernet standard that operates over fiber optic cable and
covers a distance up to 2 k.m.
• Multimode fiber and Straight Tip (ST) connector are used to
build 10Base-FL segment
10Base FL
components
Medium Attachment
Network Medium
Unit (MAU)

11. 10 Base FL Components
• Network Medium – Uses 62.5/125 micrometer
multimode fiber optic cables
• Medium Attachment Unit (MAU) – Used for
link integrity test.

12. Connecting Ethernet Segments
• Maximum number of ports available on a hub
is 48
• Coaxial or cross over cables are required to
connect two or more hubs
• Most hubs use BNC or AUI connector to
connect with other hubs
• Crossover ports are also known as uplink or
out port

13. 5-4-3 Rule - I
• Developed to limit the size of an Ethernet collision
domain.
• Implemented by Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) for number of
repeaters and segments on shared access
• The rule states that: Any two nodes in the network
should not be separated by more than 5 segments, 4
repeaters and 3 populated segments

14. 5-4-3 Rule - II
• Categories of physical segments:
– User segments - Used to connect the systems in the
network. These segments are also known as populated
segments.
– Link segments - Used to connect repeaters in the network.
These segments are also known as unpopulated segments.

15. Network using 5-4-3 rule
• 5 – Specifies that maximum 5 segments can be used in the
network
• 4 – Specifies the number of repeaters/concentrators used to
connect the network segments
• 3 – Specifies the number of populated segments

16. High Speed Ethernet
• Developed to increase connectivity speed between the
terminals or computers in a network.
Ethernet
Standards
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet 10-Gigabit Ethernet
(100Base Ethernet)

17. 100Base Ethernet
• Supports data transfer rate up to 100 Mbps
• Also called as Fast Ethernet
• Makes use of CAT 5 cable and fiber cable

18. Types of Fast Ethernet
• Copper cabled Ethernet
• 100 Base TX – uses two pairs of CAT5
• 100 Base T4 – uses 4 pairs of CAT3
• 100 Base T2 – uses 2 pairs for data, 4 bits per symbol
• Fiber Cabled Ethernet
• 100 Base FX – uses 2 strands of MM fiber cable
• 100 Base SX – uses 2 strands of MM fiber cable (SW)
• 100 Base BX – uses single strand of SM fiber cable

19. Advantages and Disadvantages
• Advantages
• Speed – Ten times faster than regular 10Base-T network
• Throughput – Faster for video, multimedia, graphics,
Internet surfing and other applications that require high
speed
• Disadvantages
• Mode of data transfer – 100Base-T4 Ethernet cannot
support full duplex mode of data transfer
• Wiring – 100Base-T4 requires four pair of wiring for data
transfer

20. Gigabit Ethernet
• Supports data transfer rate up to 1000 Mbit/s
• Also called as 1000BASE-T Ethernet
Gigabit
Ethernet
Standards
1000Base-SX 1000Base-LX 1000Base-CX 1000Base-T 1000Base-TX

21. 10-Gigabit Ethernet - I
• Was developed by IEEE 802.3ae in 2002.
• Supports data transfer rate that is ten times faster than
Gigabit ethernet
• Supports segment length up to 40 Kms
• Uses Media Access Control (MAC) protocol
• Uses full-duplex mode of transmission and mostly run on
fiber

22. 10-Gigabit Ethernet - II
• Standards included:
– 10GBASE-CX4
– 10GBASE-T
– 10GBASE-SR (Short Range)
– 10GBASE-LRM (Long Reach Multimode)
– 10GBASE-LR (Long Range)
– 10GBASE-ER (Extended Range)
– 10GBASE-LX4

23. Switched Ethernet
• Employs a switch instead of a repeater or a hub
• Operates at layer 2 of OSI model
• Offers guaranteed bandwidth per port
• Each port is a separate collision domain
• Used to connect segments to a backbone
• Machines such file and print server directly connected to
the backbone for better performance

24. Types of Switching
• Uses three types of switching:
– Cut-through
– Store and forward
– Fragment-free

25. Full-Duplex Ethernet
• Devices at both ends can send and receive data at the
same time
• Provides twice the bandwidth of normal (half duplex)
Ethernet
• Each pairs of wires acts as a separate channel and allows
the devices at each end to communicate with one
another in full duplex mode