40 CFR 98 Tier 4 Greenhouse Gas Reporting with Stack Emissions Flow Meter
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Presented by Emerson's Brian Fieser and Joel Lemke at the 2010 Emerson Exchange meeting in San Antonio, Texas.
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40 CFR 98 Tier 4 Greenhouse Gas Reporting with Stack Emissions Flow Meter
- 1. 40 CFR 98 Tier 4 Greenhouse Gas Reporting with Stack Emissions Flow Meter Brian Fieser, DP Flow Director of Operations Joel Lemke, DP Flow Marketing Manager Emerson Process Management Rosemount Measurement Division
- 3. Purpose of the GHG MRR Rule U.S. GHG Emissions (CO2e) by Economic Sector (2007) Source: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html
- 5. Example Emissions Calculation* *Rule contains standard estimates for amounts of GHG produced for each fuel burned; 1 metric ton = 1000 kg Greenhouse Gas Annual emissions (metric tons) Global Warming Potential Emissions total (CO 2 e) CO 2 100,000 1 100,000 CH 4 1000 21 21,000 N 2 O 100 310 31,000 Total Annual Emissions (metric tons CO 2 e) 152,000
- 7. Does it apply to me? Source: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html Refineries/Petrochem Aluminum Ammonia Refrigerants Iron/Steel Glass Hydrogen Pulp & Paper Boilers/Process Heaters Combustion Turbines Stationary Engines Incinerators
- 9. When to use each “Reporting Tier” Reporting Tier Conditions of use: How to Use Notes 1 Any fuel in Table C-1 (including biomass) Unit < 250 mmBtu/hr HHV NOT routinely sampled or supplied “ Company records” for fuel use Default HHV & EF from Table C-1 Also for MSW units of any size not making steam and not required to use Tier 4 2 Any fuel in Table C-1 (including biomass) Unit < 250 mmBtu/hr Unit > 250 mmBtu/hr burning pipeline NG or distillate fuel oil “ Company records” for fuel use Supplied or sampled HHV & default EF from Table C-1 Also for MSW units of any size making steam and not required to use Tier 4 3 May be used for any size unit & any fuel Required for units > 250 mmBtu/hr unless Tier 2 applies Required for fuels not in Table C-1 Direct fuel flow meters 4 Existing CEMS system Combine hourly CO2 concentration readings w/ stack volumetric flow meter O2 monitor may substitute for CO2 monitor
- 14. How It Works T-Shape Design Features Location of Low pressure sensing ports maximizes DP Signal
- 17. Annubar Flowmeters 1.5% Accuracy Extreme Velocity / Pressure / Temperature Highest Performance 0.75% Accuracy
- 29. Limits Solution Low Flow Max Flow Accuracy Cost Stack Annubar, Full-span Best High Best $$$ Stack Annubar, Partial-span Better Low Medium $$ S-Type Pitot Good High Lowest $
- 30. Limits Solution Low Flow Max Flow Accuracy Cost Stack Annubar, Full-span Best High Best $$ Stack Annubar, Partial-span Better Low Least $ Severe Service Annubar Good High Medium $$$
Notes de l'éditeur
- In the language of the EPA, this new rule is designed to “inform future climate change policies & programs”, which many believe means it is a 1 st required step before a “Cap & Trade” system could be enacted. This new rule is NOT Cap & Trade, although it is easy to confuse the two. As of late November 2009, Cap & Trade has not been considered by the U.S. Congress, although it is planned for consideration in 2010. This new rule, 40 CFR 98, requires only reporting & not control of GHG’s. Future legislation may build on this, as is implied by the EPA’s reason for putting forth this new rule.
- There are 6 main gases that must be reported and they are the “Kyoto 6”, outlined in the Kyoto protocol. The first 3 are mainly the GHG’s produced as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels or other organic fuels. The remaining 3 classes are mainly refrigerants. Virtually every major process manufacturing facility in the country will have to report on the first 3 while only a few companies who manufacture refrigerants need to report on the so-called “Fluorinated gases”. Each chemical is converted to “CO2 equivalents”, also written CO2e, by multiplying its emissions by its “Global Warming Potential”. CH4 (methane), for example, has 21 times as much heat-trapping ability in the atmosphere as does CO2, so each metric ton of CH4 is equivalent to 21 metric tons of CO2 in the atmosphere. The emissions of every reported chemical must be similarly multiplied by its GWP to arrive at a correct value of CO2e emitted by a given facility or process unit.
- Here’s an example of the preceding, showing how each GHG is multiplied by its GWP to arrive at total CO2e. If annual CO2e emissions exceed 25,000 metric tons, then a facility is subject to this new rule.
- Each company must determine if it meets the criteria requiring it to report. The EPA refers to industrial and commercial sites as “source categories”. Some, like Refineries, are considered “all-in” and must report regardless of size or total emissions. Others have to determine if their emissions exceed the 25,000 metric tons per year of CO2 equivalents. Any typical process industry site with boilers, etc., very likely needs to report. If you need to report you’ll report emissions for any fuels for emissions calculations methods are shown in the rule.
- This flow chart, again published by EPA, very succinctly summarizes who must report under the rule. A large number of industrial sites will have to ask the question “Do we emit more than 25,000 metric tons of CO2e per year?”. (for reference, a metric ton is 1000 kilograms). The next slide shows a “back of the envelope” calculation showing that NEARLY ALL customers of Emerson Process Management who operate chemical processes will have to report.
- “ MSW” stands for Municipal Solid Waste facilities Note: Tiers 1 & 2 allow “company records” in lieu of actual flow measurements Tier 3 requires metering Tier 4 requires continued use of an existing CEMS system
- The 485 has the same design advantage of the Diamond II+ but the 485 has a larger pressure pocket in the front.
- We have an offering for Tier 4 requirements: the Stack Annubar.
- Drawing in book but hidden; for reference