3. Defining Research..
• Research follows a step-by-step process of investigation
that uses a standardized approach in answering
questions or solving problems (Polit & Beck, 2004).
Research plays an important role in tertiary education.
Though there are many problems confronted by higher
education, developments are realized through research.
After all, its main purpose is to answer a question or to
solve an issue (Palispis, 2004).
4. • Research is a very careful investigation of something
that purports the contribution of additional or new
knowledge and wisdom (Bassey, as cited by Coleman &
Briggs, 2002).
Research is a tested approach of thinking and employing
validated instruments and steps in order to obtain a more
adequate solution to a problem that is otherwise
impossible to address under ordinary means (Crawford,
as cited by Alcantara & Espina, 1995).
Defining Research..
5. • Research is a very careful investigation of something that
purports the contribution of additional or new knowledge
and wisdom (Bassey, as cited by Coleman & Briggs, 2002).
Research is an investigation following ordered
steps leading to a discovery of new information
or concepts (Sanchez, 1999).
Defining Research..
6. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
•The research should be systematic
•The research should be objective
•The research should be feasible
•The research should be empirical.
•The research should be clear
7. RESEARCH PARADIGM
Outline that guides the researcher in
conceptualizing and conducting the research.
An effective research must address these two
important aspects.
11. Chapter 1
The Problem and its Background
•Scope and Delimitations
•Introduction, Background of the
Study
•Statement of the Problem
•Significance of the Study
18. Research Problem
• This refers to the general area of concern of the research paper. This
basically involves things or circumstances needing development,
difficulty requiring attention, an inquiry that necessitates an answer.
•refers to the particular issue which you want
address in your research problem.
• The research problem is the specific area of concern of
research and states what is to be investigated, identifies
the variables and discusses their relationships
19. Research Problem
• This provides the direction for the study as it provides
foundation for the formulation of hypothesis/assumptions of
the study.
• It also defines or provides foundation to determine
the appropriate research design fitting to the study.
•Research problem can be derived from any
setting or circumstances.
20. Sources of Research Problem:
• Perceive challenges or difficulties in broad subjects such as family affairs,
home management, etc.
• Circumstances that conveys a feeling of discomfort and difficulty.
• The gap between theories and practices; what has been said and what has
been experienced
•Experience of any kind.
•Emerging Pattern and Trends.
21. Sources of Research Problem:
•Reading of literatures, past studies, and
other researches. Replication- repeat a
prior study in a different setting and
time.
•Individuals curiosity and interest
22. In the process of identifying the research problem,
the following steps needs to be taken:
• Conduct preliminary research using the resources available.
• Based on your preliminary research, prepare a concept map
to generate and synthesize your ideas.
• Identify you general research problem from these clusters.
You can also think of other specific research problems based
on this general research problems.
23. A problem is considered researchable…
•Solutions are available but not yet tested and
not yet known by the practitioner
•No solutions are available to answer the
gap or problem being assessed.
•When the solutions or answers given as well as
results are seemingly untested or factually
contradictory with each other
24. A problem is considered researchable…
•A phenomena requires an
explanation
•There are several possible and
plausible explanations for the
existence of an undesirable conditions
25. •A good problem statement does not only identify the
problem of the study but also answers the question
why the study is worth being investigated? It
includes the following components.
• A clear explanation of the problem
• Evidence that supports the existence of the problem
• Definition of concepts relevant to the problem
27. EXTERNAL CRITERIA
NOVELTY- the research problem should have practical value.
Availability of Subjects- there are sufficient number of people
to participate in the study to ensure reliability and validity
Support From the Academic Community- support and
assistance given by individuals and various institutions to
should cost and provide permission.
Availability and adequacy of Support-this includes equipment
such as computer, as well as finances.
Ethical Consideration- avoidance of research topic that are
unethical.
28. INTERNAL CRITERIA
Experience, training, and qualification of the researchers
Motivation, interest, intellectual curiosity and
perceptiveness of the researchers
Time factor- the study must be completed within a given time
period.
Cost and Returns- one must take into consideration the
expenses need to fund the research endeavor.
Hazards, Penalties and Handicaps- take into consideration
you physical and intellectual capacity.
29. Choosing a Research Problem as a High
School Student…
The background of the researcher is an important factor that
defines the selection of research problems.
30. •EXTERNAL SUPPORT- determine whether there are
ample of external support to help you conduct the
research.
• FEASIBILITY- consider the time element in determining what
research problem to pursue. Time to conduct the study, from
beginning to end, should be considered.
•INNOVATIVE QUALITY- the researcher should be able
to show the relevance and the importance of the
study as well as the need.
32. The Research Title
Prefaces the study, by providing a summary of the
main idea of the research paper.
The title summarizes the main idea or ideas of your study. A good
title contains the fewest possible words that adequately describe
the contents and/or purpose of your research paper.
The aim of a title is to capture the reader’s attention
and to draw his or her attention to the research
problem being investigated.
34. •It should be concise statement of the main topic.
• It should summarize the main idea of the people.
•It should include major variables of the research
study.
•It should be self explanatory.
•It should describe or imply the participants of the
study. .
36. Avoid an overly general title
Refrain from using abbreviations unless they
are commonly known.
Avoid using phrases such as “As study of”
and “An Investigation of” as they show
wordiness.
Indicate the subject and scope of the study by
specifying your dependent and independent
variables.
37. As much as possible, refrain from indicating the year the
study has been conducted. However, the exemption to
this rule is historical study. In this kind of research, the
year covered by the study may be included in the title
Employ either the declarative or question forms
in formulating the title, take note that question
forms is use less frequently in research.
Use currently acceptable terminology in your
field of study when writing your research title.
