Presentation given by Elia Solana Gimeno, ES at the Ninth European Research Conference on Homelessness, "Homelessness in Times of Crisis", Warsaw, September 2014 http://feantsaresearch.org/spip.php?article222&lang=en

1. 9th European Research Conference
Homelessness in Times of Crisis
Warsaw, Friday 19th September 2014
Factors Influencing the Processes of Exclusion/Integration experienced by Homeless People: Relations between the Type of Intervention and the Processes
Elia María Solana
Universidad Pública de Navarra, Spain

2. 9th European Research Conference
Homelessness in Times of Crisis
Warsaw, Friday 19th September 2014
Issues, current debates
1.Integration processes depending on the social intervention and profiles. Need for longitudinal studies.
2.Articulation between structural and personal factors in processes of integration / exclusion.
3.Autonomy or Institutionalization? Factors influencing.

3. 9th European Research Conference
Homelessness in Times of Crisis
Warsaw, Friday 19th September 2014
Aims
Relate social intervention - integration processes.
Detect influential factors by quantitative and qualitative assessment of integration processes.

4. 2 CASE STUDIES
Methodology
DAY CENTRE
Quantitative process assessment: needs and development process by intervention areas.
RESIDENCE
Qualitative process assesment: interacting factors and way of living
Main source: monitoring record, also interviews.
Creating tool for recording information
Main sources: monitoring record, meetings, observation and active participation.

5. First Study Case: Centro S. Miguel, a Day Centre for Homeless
I.Analysis of the type of intervention
II.Analysis of the processes experienced by the homeless

6. Annual average of the number of interventions
Parallel intervention in housing, economic monitoring, employment and government benefits
Housing area: the highest correlations with the others areas
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Employment
Economic monitoring
Government benefits
Rights-SS
Housing
Mental health
Centers
Criminal conduct
Drugs and Alcohol

7. Number of interventions by gender
Annual average
Number of interventions by origin
Annual average
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Men
Women
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
National Origin
Foreign Origin

8. 77,2
70,2
70,2
47,4
33,3
21,1
17,5
14,0
5,3
5,3
5,3
3,5
Shelter
Street
Flatshare
Guest house
Institution
Prison
Family housing
Substandard housing
Supervised apartment or protected patron
Partner´s housing
Known house-holds
Appartment
Accommodations homeless have lived in during their stay in the Day Centre
% PSH

9. 01020304050602002200320042005200620072008200920102011 Percentage Increase of shared flatsShared flatAppartment or family flat

10. 3,4
4,5
Annual Average
by Gender
Women
Men
STRONG INSTABILITY
Annual average of
accomodation changes: 3.5
2,4
4,1
Annual average
by origin
Foreigners
Nationals

11. Educational Area
Marked gap origin.
It might get a better response:
- Differentiated spaces and several programs according to their needs
- Harm Reduction Program with controlled alcohol consumption for further deterioration profile.
Economic Area
Marked inequality by gender and origin: less intervention, signed agreements and economic monitoring in immigrants and in women.
A clear sexual division of labour
Housing Area
Achievement of intervention: increase in shared flats.
High instability
Worse evolution in women (greater deterioration)
Vulnerability of foreign homeless.
Health Area
- Strong physical and mental deterioration. - Evolution average is negative - Women: more intervention and poorer outcome due to further deterioration - Immigrants: less intervention and less deterioration.
Relationship Area
-Many without familiar links - Detected relation between familiar links and be a couple
- More women with a partner than men.
-Inmigrants: less support network, conflictivity and punishable behaviour than nationals.
- It´s worthy to intervene on gender violence situations.
Adiction Area
- The treatments show their effectiveness in improving processes. - Consumption profile: more pronounced in women, less in immigrants

12. CONCLUSIONS: process assessment
52%
37%
11%
Processes evolution
Positive
Negative
Remains the same

13. Assessment Average of process by areas Scale (-1,+1)
Development of PSH is primarily related to the health and housing areas.
Relationship between the number of interventions and achievements in all areas except in Health.
0,14
0,13
-0,05
0,25
0,11
Economy
Housing
Health
Relations
Consumption

14. Process assesment by areas: better results in men and nationals in all the analized areas . Scale (-1, +1)
0,06
0,04
-0,15
0,08
0,04
0,16
0,15
-0,02
0,3
0,14
Economy
Housing
Health
Relations
Consumption
Foreign Origin
National Origin
0,09
-0,13
-0,21
0,13
0,06
0,15
0,17
-0,02
0,27
0,12
Economy
Housing
Health
Relations
Consumption
Women
Men

15. Other factors influencing the improvement of integration processes
Signing of agreements
Regular attendance
Length of stay in the center
Total number of interviews/contacts
Report of Gender Violence
Having some, but not many family ties.

16. Second Case Study: Nazaret Residence for single men
Qualitative study:
Factors by intervention areas: how they affect and how they interact.
Exemplifying cases.
Questions generated in the intervention.
Qualitative assessment of processes by intervention areas.

17. Favorable/unfavorable factors for independent life
Qualitative description:
 15 favourable factors
 19 unfavourable factors

18. Desires of Independent living
Slept desires
Fears
Accompaniment
Mates
Vulnerabillity
Loneliness
Failure
Motivation
INDEPENDENT
LIVING
€

19. Independent Living: common features
Ilnes Health: they do not want.
Young immigrant with schizophrenia: cannot do it.
Alcoholic people: fears.
Economic exclusion and lack of household: independence and loneliness.

20. Conclusions about the integration processes lived according to the social intervention
Intervention change process change
Accompaniment independence processes
Plans and agreements: awareness and involvement-participation.
Difficulty: lack of public resources.
Integrated project promotes mental health stabilization.
Alcoholism: few achievements and questions.

21. Main factors influencing the improvement of the process of integration in the residence
With regard to the type of intervention:
Social Accompaniment
Signing of agreements
Working in occupational workshop
Coordination
Personal factors:
Motivation and participation.

22. Economic Area
Lack of resources and policies for independent living. Agreements, economic monitoring and financial support favour processes
Housing Area
Independent living
15 factors favour
19 factors difficult
Health Area
The integrated project favours stability in people with mental illness: - Administration of medication - Occupational Workshop - Home Environment
Consumption Area Economic management slows down further deterioration process while performing. But after that? It is required a more specific focus for process improvement.
Relationships Area Strong difficulty to create new social networks. The total absence of network causes isolation and depression.
Employment and occupational Area
Chronicity/stability in occupational workshop.
Difficulties of access to work and social occupational or employment resources.
Scarce performance of Social Services in labour integration.
Lack of resources and policies for independent living.

23. CONCLUSIONS
A change in the social intervention involves changing processes of exclusion/integration: accompaniment generates independence processes (shared flats in Day Centre and outputs in Residence).
Social accompaniment plans and signing of agreements positively influence the improvement of the integration processes.
Development of Homeless is primarily related to the health and housing areas. In the Day Centre, there is a relationship between the number of interventions and achievements in all areas except in Health; In the Residence, the integrated project promotes mental health stabilization.
Men obtain best achievements that women in all analyzed areas, and nationals better than foreigners (in the Day Centre).