digital strategy and information security

Jacques Folon
www.folon.com
Partner Edge Consulting
Professeur
ICHEC
Maître de conférences
Université de Liège
Professeur invité
Université Saint Louis (BXL)
Université de Lorraine
ESC Rennes School of Business
Digital strategy
Information security
Identity Access Management

table of content
1.Introduction
2.information security deﬁnition
3.Risk analysis
4.Myth of cybersecurity
5.Identity access management
6.Cloud computing
7.the weakest link: the employee
8.E-Discovery
9.Conclusion

The value of information goes beyond the written words, numbers and images:
knowledge, concepts, ideas and brands are examples of intangible forms of
information.
In an interconnected world, information and related processes,
systems, networks and personnel involved in their operation, handling
and protection are assets that, like other important business assets, are valuable
to an organization’s business and consequently deserve or require protection
against various hazards.
ISO/IEC 27002:2013
2. DEFINITION

Source : https://www.britestream.com/difference.html.

www.intertek.com
Information Security Overview
Issue 2 © Intertek QATAR www.intertek.com
9
11
WHAT IS
OF INFORMATION ?

www.intertek.com
10
Availability – the property of being accessible and
usable upon demand by an authorised entity
The elements of information security
12CQIMC LA PPT 2 Ver 0.2

www.intertek.com
11
CQIMC LA PPT 2 Ver 0.2 13
act of informing –
✓what is conveyed or represented by a particular arrangement
or sequence of things.
✓data as processed, stored, or transmitted by a computer.
✓facts provided or learned about something or someone.

www.intertek.com
12
Where is information residing .?
14
Information – is of value to the organization, consequently
requires adequate protection!
Information needs to be protected !

www.intertek.com
www.intertek.comIssue 1 © Intertek QATAR www.intertek.com
ISO 27001 : 2013 OVERVIEW
15
ISO 27001 : 2013

5. Identity Access Management (IAM)

Provisioning
Single Sign On
PKIStrong
Authentication
Federation
Directories
Authorization
Secure Remote
Access
Password
Management
Web Services
Security
Auditing &
Reporting
Role based
Management
DRM
Source: Identity and Access Management: OverviewRafal Lukawiecki - Strategic Consultant, Project Botticelli Ltd rafal@projectbotticelli.co.uk

5 Questions  
to ask your CISO

Q: What’s posted on this monitor?
a – password to financial application
b – phone messages
c – to-do’s

Q: What determines your
employee’s access?
a – give Alice whatever Wally has
b – roles, attributes, and requests
c – whatever her manager says

Q: Who is the most privileged
user in your enterprise?
a – security administrator
b – CFO
c – the summer intern who is now working
for your competitor

Q: How secure is your 
identity data?
a – It is in 18 different secured stores
b – We protect the admin passwords
c – Privacy? We don’t hold credit card
numbers

Q: How much are manual
compliance controls costing
your organization?
a – nothing, no new headcount
b – don’t ask
c – don’t know

Today’s IT Challenges
More Agile Business
• More accessibility for employees, customers
and partners
• Higher level of B2B integrations
• Faster reaction to changing requirements
More Secured Business
• Organized crime
• Identity theft
• Intellectual property theft
• Constant global threats
More Compliant Business
• Increasing regulatory demands
• Increasing privacy concerns
• Business viability concerns

State Of Security In Enterprise
• Incomplete
• Multiple point solutions from many vendors
• Disparate technologies that don’t work together
• Complex
• Repeated point-to-point integrations
• Mostly manual operations
• ‘Non-compliant’
• Difficult to enforce consistent set of policies
• Difficult to measure compliance with those policies

Identity Management Values
• Trusted and reliable security
• Efficient regulatory compliance
• Lower administrative and development costs
• Enable online business networks
• Better end-user experience

15
IAM MEANS MANAGING THE
EMPLOYEES LIFECYCLE (HIRING,
RECRUITING, PROMOTION, CHANGE,
LEAVING) AND THE IMPACTS ON THE
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
source clusif
IAM is a legal obligation !

• IAM IS DEFINED BY THE BUSINESS (RH, SCM,
ETC.)
• AND
• FOLLOWING THE LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
• AND
• TECHNICALLY IMPLEMENTED
16
IAM IS BUSINESS & ICT + LEGAL
source clusif

17
IAM INCLUDES
• DATABASE OF ALL AND EVERY USER
•DATABASE OF ALL TYPE OF PROFILES
& ROLES
•DEFINITION BEFOREHAND
•DEFINE WICH ROLE FOR WICH
EMPLOYEE
•DEFINITION OF LOGIN & PASSWORDS
•AUDIT
•REPORTING
•ACCESS CONTROL
source clusif

• What is Identity Management ?
“Identity management is the set of
business processes, and a supporting
infrastructure, for the creation,
maintenance, and use of digital
identities.” The Burton Group (a
research firm specializing in IT
infrastructure for the enterprise)
• Identity Management in this sense
is sometimes called “Identity and
Access Management” (IAM)
Définition

IAM AT ICHEC…
• “MY NAME IS JULIE AND I AM A
STUDENT.” (Identity)
• “this is my password.”
(Authentification)
• “I want an access to my account”
(Authorization ok)
• “I want to adapt my grade.”
(Autorization rejected)

What are the questions ?
• is this person the one she said she
is?
• Is she a member of our group ?
• Did she receive the necessary
authorization ?
• Is data privacy OK?

Type of questions for a newcomer
– Which kind of password?
– Which activities are accepted?
– Which are forbidden?
– To which category this person belongs?
– When do we have to give the authorization??
– What control do we need ?
– Could we demonstrate in court our procedure?

24
IAM triple A
Authentication
WHO ARE YOU?
Authorization / Access Control
WHAT CAN YOU DO?
Audit
WHAT HAVE YOU DONE?
24

Components of IAM
• Administration
– User Management
– Password Management
– Workflow
– Delegation
• Access Management
– Authentication
– Authorization
• Identity Management
– Account Provisioning
– Account Deprovisioning
– Synchronisation
Reliable Identity Data
Administration
Authorization
Authentication

• Internet is based on IP identification
• everybody has different profiles
• Each platform has a different
authentification system
• Users are the weakest link
• Cybercrime increases
• Controls means identification
• Data privacy imposes controls & security
• e-discovery imposes ECM
Welcome to a digital world

Explosion of IDs
Pre 1980’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s
# of
Digital IDs
Time
Applications
Mainframe
Client Server
Internet
Business
Automation
Company
(B2E)
Partners
(B2B)
Customers
(B2C)
Mobility

The Disconnected Reality
• “Identity Chaos”
– Many users
– Many ID
– Many log in & passwords
– Multiple repositories of identity information
– Multiple user IDs, multiple passwords
Enterprise Directory
HR
Infra
Application
Office
In-House
Application
External app
Finance
employee
Application
•Authentication
•Authorization
•Identity Data
•Authentication
•Authorization
•Identity Data
•Authentication
•Authorization
•Identity Data
•Authentication
•Authorization
•Identity Data
•Authorization
•Identity Data
•Authentication
•Authentication
•Authorization
•Identity Data
•Authentication
•Authorization
•Identity Data

Your COMPANY and 
your EMPLOYEES
Your SUPPLIERS
Your PARTNERSYour REMOTE and 
VIRTUAL EMPLOYEES
Your CUSTOMERS
Customer satisfaction & customer intimacy
Cost competitiveness
Reach, personalization
Collaboration
Outsourcing
Faster business cycles; process
automation
Value chain
M&A
Mobile/global workforce
Flexible/temp workforce
Multiple Contexts

Trends Impacting Identity
Increasing Threat Landscape
Identity theft costs banks and credit card issuers $1.2 billion in 1 yr
•$250 billion lost from exposure of confidential info
Maintenance Costs Dominate IT Budget
On average employees need access to 16 apps and systems
•Companies spend $20-30 per user per year for PW resets
Deeper Line of Business Automation and Integration
One half of all enterprises have SOA under development
•Web services spending growing 45%
Rising Tide of Regulation and Compliance
SOX, HIPAA, GLB, Basel II, 21 CFR Part 11, …
•$15.5 billion spend on compliance (analyst estimate)
Data Sources: Gartner, AMR Research, IDC, eMarketer, U.S. Department. of Justice

Business 
Owner
End UserIT Admin Developer Security/ Compliance
Too expensive
to reach new
partners,
channels
Need for
control
Too many
passwords
Long waits for
access to apps,
resources
Too many user
stores and
account admin
requests
Unsafe sync
scripts
Pain Points
Redundant
code in each
app
Rework code
too often
Too many
orphaned
accounts
Limited
auditing ability

Why do we need IAM?
•Security
•Compliance
•Cost control
•Audit support
•Access control

Source: ftp://ftp.boulder.ibm.com/software/uk/productnews/tv/vh_-_access_and_identity_management.pdf

cost reduction
• Directory Synchronization
“Improved updating of user data: $185 per user/year”
“Improved list management: $800 per list”
- Giga Information Group
• Password Management
“Password reset costs range from $51 (best case) to $147 (worst case) for labor
alone.” – Gartner
• User Provisioning
“Improved IT efficiency: $70,000 per year per 1,000 managed users”
“Reduced help desk costs: $75 per user per year”
- Giga Information Group

Can We Just Ignore It All?
• Today, average corporate user spends
16 minutes a day logging on
• A typical home user maintains 12-18
identities
• Number of phishing sites grew over
1600% over the past year
• Corporate IT Ops manage an average
of 73 applications and 46 suppliers,
often with individual directories
• Regulators are becoming stricter
about compliance and auditing
• Orphaned accounts and identities
lead to security problems
Source: Microsoft’s internal research and Anti-phishing Working Group

IAM Benefits
Benefits to take you
forward
(Strategic)
Benefits today
(Tactical)
Save money and improve operational
efficiency
Improved time to deliver applications and
service
Enhance Security
Regulatory Compliance and Audit
New ways of working
Improved time to market
Closer Supplier, Customer,
Partner and Employee relationships

IAM to do list
• Automatic account
management
• Archiving
• Data privacy
• Compliance
• Securiry VS Risks
• user identification
• E-business
• M2M

First,
What the heck is
Cloud Computing
First, what the heck is
Cloud Computing?
…in simple, plain
English please!
Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused http://www.andyharjanto.com

Let’s use a simple analogy
Say you just moved
to a city, and
you’re looking for
a nice
place to live

You can either
Build a house
or
Rent an
apartment

If you build a house, there are a few
important decisions you have to make…

How big is the house?
are you planning to grow a large
family?

Remodel, addition typically cost a lot more once the
house is built

But, you get a
chance to
customize it
Roof
Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confused
http://www.andyharjanto.com

Once the house is built,
you’re
responsible for
maintenance
Hire Landscaper
Electrician
Plumber
Pay
property tax
Electricity
Water
Gutter Cleaning
Heating and Cooling
House Keeping

Consider a builder in your city builds a
Huge
number of apartment units

A unit can easily be converted
into a 2,3,4 or more units

You make a fewer,  
simpler
decisions
You can start with one
unit and grow later, or
downsize

But…
You do not
have
a lot of
options to
customize
your unit Andy Harjanto I’m cloud confuse
d http://www.andyharjanto.com

However, builders provide you with  
very high quality infrastructure
high speed Internet
high capacity electricity
triple pane windows
green materials

No need to worry
about maintenance

Just pay your
rent
and utilities
Pay as You Go

Let’s translate to
Cloud Computing?

As an end-consumer, believe it or not
you’ve been using Cloud for long times

In return, you’re willing to
give away
your information for ads and
other purposes

But you’ve been
enjoying
High Reliability Service
Limited Storage
Connecting, Sharing

OK, Now tell that to the business
owner
Give up your data,
then
you can use this
infrastructure for free

Are You crazy?
will answer the CEO

My Business
Needs…
Security
Privacy
Reliability
High
Availability

Building Enterprise
Software
Stone Wall
Fire-proof
Moat
Army
Death Hole
is like….
Medieval
Castle

Let’s Hire an Army of IT Engineers
Software Upgrade
Support
Backup/Restore
Service Pack
Development
Network issues

Let’s Build
Huge Data
Center
Capacity Planning
Disaster Plan
Cooling Management
Server
Crashes

Your data is replicated
3 or 4 times in their data
center
High Availability

Adding “servers” is a click
away.
Running in just minutes, not
days
HighTraffic?

It can even load balance
your server traffic

Expect your Cloud
Network
is always up

Yes, you can even pick
where your data
and “servers” reside
Don’t forget data privacy issues

So we know what
Cloud is and the
choice we have

Cloud Computing: Definition
• No Unique Definition or General Consensus about what Cloud Computing is …
• Different Perspectives & Focuses (Platform, SW, Service Levels…)
• Flavours:
✦Computing and IT Resources Accessible Online
✦Dynamically Scalable Computing Power
✦Virtualization of Resources
✦Abstraction of IT Infrastructure
✦ ! No need to understand its implementation: use Services & their
APIs
✦Some current players, at the Infrastructure & Service Level:
✦ SalesfoRce.com, Google Apps, Amazon, Yahoo, Microsoft, IBM, HP, etc.
 
 
The Future of Identity in the Cloud: Requirements, Risks & OpportunitiesMarco Casassa Mont marco.casassa-mont@hp.com HP Labs Systems Security Lab Bristol, UK - EEMA e-Identity Conference, 2009

Cloud Computing: Implications
• Enterprise:
Paradigm Shift from “Close & Controlled” IT Infrastructures and Services to Externally
Provided Services and IT Infrastructures
• Private User:
Paradigm Shift from Accessing Static Set of Services to Dynamic & Composable Services
• General Issues:
– Potential Loss of Control (on Data, Infrastructure, Processes, etc.)
– Data & Confidential Information Stored in The Clouds
– Management of Identities and Access (IAM) in the Cloud
– Compliance to Security Practice and Legislation
– Privacy Management (Control, Consent, Revocation, etc.)
– New Threat Environments
– Reliability and Longevity of Cloud & Service Providers 
 The Future of Identity in the Cloud: Requirements, Risks & OpportunitiesMarco Casassa Mont marco.casassa-mont@hp.com HP Labs Systems Security Lab Bristol, UK - EEMA e-Identity Conference, 2009

Identity in the Cloud: Enterprise Case
Issues and Risks [1/2]
 
• Potential Proliferation of Required Identities & Credentials to Access Services
! Misbehaviours when handling credentials (writing down, reusing, sharing, etc.)
• Propagation of Identity and Personal Information across Multiple Clouds/Services
! Privacy issues (e.g. compliance to multiple Legislations, Importance of Location, etc.)
! Exposure of business sensitive information
(employees’ identities, roles, organisational structures, enterprise apps/services, etc.)
! How to effectively Control this Data?
• Delegation of IAM and Data Management Processes to Cloud and Service Providers
! How to get Assurance that these Processes and Security Practice are Consistent with
Enterprise Policies?
! How to deal with overall Compliance and Governance issues?


Identity in the Cloud: Enterprise Case
Issues and Risks [2/2]
• Migration of Services between Cloud and Service Providers
! Management of Data Lifecycle
• Threats and Attacks in the Clouds and Cloud Services
! Cloud and Service Providers can be the “weakest links” in Security &
Privacy
! Reliance on good security practice of Third Parties
 

7. the weakest link : the employee

data controller responsibility

• limitation of control
• Private email
• penalties
• who controls

• technical security
– Risk analysis
– Back-up
– desaster recovery
– identity management
– Strong login & passwords

• legal security
– information in the employment
contracts
– Contracts with subcontractors
– Code of conduct
– Compliance
– Control of the employees

Definition of e-discovery
• Electronic discovery (or e-discovery) refers to discovery in civil
litigation which deals with information in electronic format also
referred to as Electronically Stored Information (ESI).
• It means the collection, preparation, review and production of
electronic documents in litigation discovery.
• Any process in which electronic data is sought, located, secured,
and searched with the intent of using it as evidence in a civil or
criminal legal case
• This includes e-mail, attachments, and other data stored on a
computer, network, backup or other storage media. e-Discovery
includes metadata.

Recommandations
Organizations should update and/or create information
management policies and procedures that include:
– e-mail retention policies, On an individual level, employees tend to
keep information on their hard drives “just in case” they might need it.
– Work with users to rationalize their storage requirements and
decrease their storage budget.
– off-line and off-site data storage retention policies,
– controls defining which users have access to which systems andunder
what circumstances,
– instructions for how and where users can store data, and • backup and
recovery procedures.
– Assessments or surveys should be done to identify business functions,
data repositories, and the systems that support them.
– Legal must be consulted. Organizations and their legal teams should
work together to create and/or update their data retention policies
and procedures for managing litigation holds.

• Information security is a legal question, not only business & IT
• compliance is important
• More security due to
– Cloud computing
– Virtualisation
– Data privacy
– archiving
• Transparency
• E-discovery

IAM could be an opportunity
• Rethink security
• risks reduction
• costs reduction
• precise roles & responsibilities

Jacques Folon
Jacques.folon@ichec.be

credits
M. Martins: https://fr.slideshare.net/MarceloMartinsCISSPC/information-security-strategic-management?
qid=17d48b57-2499-4fc4-9801-b6e96a036ddc&v=&b=&from_search=2
Business continuity institute : https://fr.slideshare.net/TheBCEye/risk-based-cyber-security?
qid=8057ce87-091d-4364-a0f3-ff24e44bb913&v=&b=&from_search=4
W. Brown: https://fr.slideshare.net/whbrown5/how-secure-is-your-business-fraud-risk-analysis-and-
security-management?qid=59280de3-32f9-4260-94e4-38989615b7f4&v=&b=&from_search=8
PECB : https://fr.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION/check-if-you-are-ready-for-isms-implementation?
qid=cfac8544-a584-4fe4-b752-0d5cacabd8ea&v=&b=&from_search=14
N.Rao: https://fr.slideshare.net/NareshRao3/iso-27001-2013-isms-ﬁnal-overview?
qid=7c622233-05ea-489b-88e5-30751c3ee08b&v=&b=&from_search=8
VERIZON: https://fr.slideshare.net/VerizonEnterpriseSolutions/2016-data-breach-investigations-report-
dbir-cybersecurity-on-slideshare?qid=1f9f7d1a-7a0e-431e-b7fb-98bcb94c935b&v=&b=&from_search=2
ACCENTURE: https://fr.slideshare.net/AccentureOperations/the-state-of-cybersecurity-and-digital-
trust-2016?qid=1f9a736f-882d-4b3b-82b1-87b447f9b2ea&v=&b=&from_search=11

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