GRF One Health Summit 2012, Davos: Presentation by Vanessa Nadine RACLOZ, University of Queensland, Australia

1. A One Health approach to disasters.
One
Health
Public health
February 21st 2012
Zoonoses Vanessa Racloz, PhD
One Health Group
Environment Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health
School of Population Health
University of Queensland, Australia
Name of presentation Month 2009
GRF, One Health, Davos Switzerland

2. 1
2
3
4

3. 1
Risk assessment
Population
density
Climatic Environmental
changes conditions
Public, veterinary
& Disasters
ecosystem health
Agricultural
practices
Emerging
Antibiotic usage disease
Name of presentation Month 2009

4. 1
The weather in Queensland, Australia
Queensland in 2010: The wettest year on record
- Moderate to strong La Niña events developed ( El Niño over in May)
- Widespread major flooding developed in March
- 5 tropical cyclones
Queensland in 2011: A wet, cool year
- The Queensland area averaged rainfall was 826.8 mm, which is 203.4 mm
above the 1961-90 average of 623.4 mm
- 72% of the state had above average rainfall, with some areas highest on
record.
- 4 tropical cyclones
- lowest area averaged autumn mean temperature on record
Name of presentation Month 2009
www.bom.gov.au/climate

5. 1
The weather in Queensland, Australia
Rainfall records March 2011
Extreme flooding (including river and flash flooding) during January
Name of presentation Month 2009
www.bom.gov.au/climate

6. 1
Infectious diseases in Queensland
– Campylobacter
– Cryptosporidiosis
– Dengue fever
– Legionella
– Leptospirosis
– Melioidosis
– Pertussis
– Ross River virus
– Salmonellosis (all) – Barmah forest virus
– Shigella – Murray Valley encephalitis
– Yersiniosis – Brucellosis
Name of presentation Month 2009
http://www9.health.gov.au/

7. 1
Infectious diseases in Queensland
Ross River Virus
associated with:
- increased temperature
- increased rainfall
Name of presentation Month 2009
Hu et al., 2010

8. 1
Infectious diseases in Australia
- possums, kangaroos, wallabies and humans
Barmah forest virus
Ross river virus
-variety of freshwater and salt marsh mosquitoes
-higher rate of disease during wet season
www9.health.gov.au/ 2009
Name of presentation Month

9. 1
Leptospirosis in Australia
Notification rates (per 100,000 human population)
of leptospirosis in Australia per state (1991-2011).
Black circles represent La Nina years.
www9.health.gov.au/ 2009
Name of presentation Month

10. 1
Leptospirosis in Australia
At risk populations:
Occupation : farmers, vets, abattoir workers, and sugar cane
and banana farmers
Recreation : camping, gardening, bushwalking, white water
rafting, & other water sports
Problem : Asymptomatic carriers, undiagnosed cases….both
animals and humans..
www.publish.csiro.au 2009
Name of presentation Month

11. 1
Leptospirosis in Australia : animals
.
- ‘The incidence of leptospirosis in Australian animals,
domestic or otherwise, is unknown’
(WHO/FAO/OIE Collaborating Centre for Reference & Research on Leptospirosis)
- ‘Potential pathway for transmission of leptospires from
fruit bats to rodents, via rodent contact with infectious
fruit-bat urine’
Tulsiani et al., 2011
In Australia cases
1) cows, pigs & sheep
2) rats & mice
3) bandicoots,possums, bats & kangaroos
www.racgp.org.au/afp/201007/201007slack Name of presentation Month 2009

12. 2
Economic overview
• important to have an economic overview of the specific situation to
aid in decision making process.
• assess the impact of disease at the societal level – both direct and
indirect costs, due to agricultural, human health and production
costs.
Name of presentation Month 2009

13. 2
Economic overview
Economic loss due to leptospirosis in cattle
- outbreaks of mastitis and a significant decrease in milk production.
- decreased calving percentage due to abortions and high death rate in calves
- human lost labour costs
- medical expenses
- losses in animal production.
‘The cost of leptospirosis preventative vaccination is affordable insurance – even a
saving of only 1% of calves on average will cover the cost of vaccinating the whole
beef or dairy herd.’
Economic loss due to leptospirosis in pigs
‘In an outbreak of a 50-sow herd, it is realistic to expect 10 sows to abort and 5
sows to wean only 5 piglets, a total loss of approximately 110 piglets.’
Economic loss due to leptospirosis in humans
- New Zealand study estimated that each case costs the company in over $5,000.
- has contributed to the escalation of premiums to the industry
Name of presentation Month 2009
Brown et al., 2005, www.dpi.nsw.gov.au

14. 3
Surveillance & intervention
•involves planning of the surveillance, control or intervention strategies
by ensuring the appropriate data is collected
•identifying all options be it slight alterations of existing systems or the
development of new approaches.
Name of presentation Month 2009

15. 3
Surveillance & intervention
- National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System
www.health.gov.au, of presentation Month 2009
Name Slack et al., 2006

16. 4
Measurement & evaluation
• the most important step is the validation process
• the evaluation of a project will depend on its applicability and
demonstrated advantages in at both health levels and economic terms
• should be assessed in the public, veterinary and environmental
health sectors, demonstrating the added benefits of interdisciplinary
actions
Name of presentation Month 2009

17. Thank you for your attention.
May 17th 2011
Prof. Maxine Whittaker
Associate Prof. Simon Reid
Adnan Choudhury 17th 2011
May
Dr. Vanessa Racloz
Policy
Name of presentation Month 2009