4. Android is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily
for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.
Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and later
bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007 along with the founding of
the Open Handset Alliance: a consortium of hardware, software, and
telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for
mobile devices. The first Android-powered phone was sold in October 2008.
What is Android
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5. Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy
Rubin (co-founder of Danger), Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildfire Communications,
Inc.)
History of Android
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Home Contacts Phone Browser …………
APPLICATIONS
Activity Manager Window Manager Content Providers View System Notification Manager
APPLICATION FRAMEWORK
Package manager Telephony Manager Resource Manager Location Manager XMPP Services
LIBRARIES
Core Libraries
Dalvik Virtual Machine
Android Runtime
Core Libraries Media Framework SQLite
Open GLIES Free Type WebKit
SGL SSL Libc
LINUX KERNEL
Display Driver Camera Driver Bluetooth Driver Flash Memory Driver Binder (IPC) Driver
USB Driver Keypad Driver WiFi Driver Audio Driver Power Management
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DETAILS OF ARCHITECTURE 1/4
LINUX KERNEL
Display Driver Camera Driver Bluetooth Driver Flash Memory Driver Binder (IPC) Driver
USB Driver Keypad Driver WiFi Driver Audio Driver Power Management
Core Libraries
Dalvik Virtuval
Machine
Android Runtime
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DETAILS OF ARCHITECTURE 2/4
LIBRARIES
Surface Manager Media Framework SQLite
Open GL | ES Free Type WebKit
SGL SSL Libc
Libc: C standard library
SSL : Secure Socket Layer
SGL: skia 2D Graphic
Library for drawing text,
Geometrics and Images.
OpenGL | ES : 3D Image Engine
Media Framework : Core part of Android Multimedia
SQLite: Embedded Database
WebKit: Kernel of web browser
FreeType : Bitmap and Vector
Surface Manager: Manage Different window for Different Application
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DETAILS OF ARCHITECTURE 2/4
Bitmap Vector
Bitmap (or raster) images are stored as a series
of tiny dots called pixels.
Each pixel is actually a very small square that is
assigned a color, and then arranged in a
pattern to form the image. When you zoom in
on a bitmap image you can see the individual
pixels that make up that image.
vector images are not based on pixel patterns,
but instead use mathematical formulas to
draw lines and curves that can be combined to
create an image from geometric objects such
as circles and polygons.
Bitmap graphics can be edited by erasing or
changing the color of individual pixels using a
program such as Adobe Photoshop.
Vector images are edited by manipulating the
lines and curves that make up the image using
a program such as Adobe Illustrator.
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DETAILS OF ARCHITECTURE 3/4
Activity Manager Window Manager Content Providers View System Notification Manager
APPLICATION FRAMEWORK
Package manager Telephony Manager Resource Manager Location Manager XMPP Services
No Limited Application
Equality of Each Application
Easy to Embed Web Browser
Parallel Running
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DETAILS OF ARCHITECTURE 4/4
JAVA
Applications
Bulit-in(phone, contacts, Browsers)
Application Framework
Telephone Mgr, Location Mgr, Notification Mgr,
Content Provider, Windowing, Resource Mgr,etc..
C,C++
Libraries
Graphics, Media, Database,
WebKit, etc
Android Runtime
Dalvik Virtual Machine
Linux Kernel
Power, File System, Drivers, Process,
Management, etc
C
The Design Goal of Android:
Openness
-Be as flexible as possible
- How it handles access to data
- Rapid Development (XML, Java)
Develop Language:
-App : Java
- Framework : Java
- Libraries : C/C++
- OS & Driver : C
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IOT platform
The narrower definition of IOT we can look at platforms from at
least three directions.
First, a hardware based platforms like Qualcomm’s AllJoyn, Intel’s IOTivity,
Apple’s Home kit and Android/Brillo from Google
Second, a different data transport protocols like XMPP – used in Internet Messaging
(IM), MQTT – a publish / subscribe model for messages, DDS – another pub/sub
model for data distribution services and AMQP – Advanced Message Queuing
Protocol.
Finally the integrated, cloud based platforms(Java) from big and small companies
like IBM Bluemix, Carriots, and many others that claim to provide end-to-end
solutions to transfer information from one machine to another.
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Application Architecture
Development Language: Java
Virtual Machine : DVM(not JVM) ,Opensource
Application : Consists of one or more of the following classification
Activities
Services
Content Provider
Broadcast Receivers
Android Application
Linux Kernel
Linux Process
Dalvik virtual machine
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Android SDK
android.jar Java archive file containing all of the Android SDK classes necessary to
build your application.
documention.html and docs directory The SDK documentation is provided locally
and on the Web.
Samples directory The samples subdirectory contains full source code for a
variety of applications, including ApiDemo, which exercises many APIs.
Tools directory Contains all of the command-line tools to build Android
applications.
Usb_driver Directory containing the necessary drivers to connect the
development environment to an Android-enabled device. These files are only
required for developers using the Windows platform.
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Android SDK
Tools:
Android Application may be run on a real device or on the Android Emulator, Which ships
with the android SDK.
ADB: Android Debug Bridge
The ADB utility lets you connect to the phone itself and issue rudimentary shell commands,
such as copying files to and from the device.
