Acetylene Hydrogenation - Consultancy
Ethylene Plant Flowsheets
Placement of Acetylene Hydrogenation Reactor
Cracker Feedstock / Product Variability
Acetylene Reactor Feeds
Reasons for Acetylene Removal
Reacting Components and Conditions
Reactor Operation and Reacting Components
Reactor Design
Selectivity vs. Temperature and Ethane Formation
Effect of CO
Poisons
Green Oil
Turndown
H/D Ratio and Pressure Drop
Thermocouple Placement
Start-up
Problems During Start-up
Shut Down
Regeneration
Catalyst Experience, Problems and Other Information
Front End / Tail End Comparison
2. Ethane
usually recovered from natural gas fields mainly USA
Propane/butane
recovered from gas fields middle east, Texas etc. Kuwait has a large butane
recovery system. Also can come from LNG plants
Refinery naphtha / condensate
C5 to C7 paraffin based low octane naphtha from refineries also from natural
gas / oil well head production
Light and heavy gas oils
refinery based (200 to 350°C) AGO and (350 to 550 °C) VGO
The more paraffinic the feedstock the higher the ethylene
yields and the greater the value of the co-products
Feedstock Sources
3. Sulfur
Cracks in furnaces to give H2S and COS. Mercaptans in C3/C4 cuts, RSH
and thiophenes in gasoline, benzo-thiophenes in fuel oil
Arsenic
Organic or arsine
Makes arsine in the furnaces and some remains as organic
Mercury
Metallic / organic
Decomposes to metallic some remains as organic
Ballast water
Sea water from shipping feed stock
Metals
Nickel, sodium, vanadium, iron from heavy feedstocks
FCCU off gas (gas compressor suction, developing trend)
NOx, H2S, amines, SbH3, As , COS, O2, CO2 plus others
Major Feedstock Impurities
11. Ethylene Plant Flowsheets
Placement of Acetylene Hydrogenation Reactor
Cracker Feedstock / Product Variability
Acetylene Reactor Feeds
Reasons for Acetylene Removal
Reacting Components and Conditions
Reactor Operation and Reacting Components
Reactor Design
Selectivity vs. Temperature and Ethane Formation
Effect of CO
Poisons
Green Oil
Turndown
H/D Ratio and Pressure Drop
Thermocouple Placement
Start-up
Problems During Start-up
Shut Down
Regeneration
Catalyst Experience, Problems and Other Information
Front End / Tail End Comparison
Acetylene Hydrogenation