Linkage Master Programmes Double Degree FIA-UNIBRAW and Japanese Universities The University of Brawijaya 2008

1. SUMMARY OF THE COURSE
ON
THE THEORY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Lecturer : Prof. Dr. Ir. Ginandjar Kartasasmita
jgkar@cbn.net.id
www.ginandjar.com
Assistant Professor : Dr.Ir. Deddy S. Bratakusumah, BE, MURP, M.Sc.
deddys@bappenas.go.id
Linkage Master Programmes
Double Degree FIA-UNIBRAW and Japanese Universities
The University of B a ija a
Uni e sit Brawijaya
1

2. DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS
WHAT IS PUBLIC APPROACHES TO PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION
WHAT IS ADMINISTRATION PILLARS OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
THE UNIVERSALITY OF INTERDICIPLINARY INTERFACE
ADMINISTRATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS
ADMINISTRATION MANAGEMENT
ORGANIZATION PUBLIC INTEREST VS
PRIVATE INTEREST
MANAGEMENT PUBLIC GOODS
WHAT IS PUBLIC? DISTINCTIONS OF PUBLIC AND
PRIVATE ADIMINSTRATION
OTHER WAYS TO DEFINE
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

3. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS A DEVELOPING DISCIPLINE
PHASE I. THE ANALYTIC DISTINCTION OF POLITICS FROM ADMINISTRATION
PHASE II. THE CONCRETE DISTINCTION OF POLITICS FROM ADMINISTRATION
GOLEMBIEWSKI’S DEVELOPMENT
PHASES PHASE III. A SCIENCE OF MANAGEMENT
PHASE IV. THE PERVASIVE ORIENTATION TOWARD “PUBLIC POLICY”,
PARADIGM 1: PERIOD OF ORTHODOXY
POLITICS/ADMINISTRATION
DICHOTOMY, 1900-1926 SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
BUREAUCRACY
PARADIGM 2:
THE PRINCIPLES OF POSDCORB
ADMINISTRATION, 1926 – 1937
ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY
THE CHALLENGE, 1938 - 1947
INFORMAL ORGANIZATION
HENRY’S EVOLUTION OF REACTION TO THE CHALLENGE, 1947 - 1950 ADMINISTRATIVE BEHAVIOR
PARADIGMS
PARADIGM 3: PUBLIC
COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
ADMINISTRATION AS A POLITICAL
SCIENCE, 1950-1970 DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION
PARADIGM 4: PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION AS
MANAGEMENT, 1956-1970
MANAGEMENT 1956 1970 NEW PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
REINVENTING GOVERNMENT
PARADIGM 5:
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: 1970-? NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
NEW PUBLIC SERVICE

4. CURRENT ISSUES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
DEVELOPMENT
ADMINISTRATION
ADMINISTRATIVE
REFORM
CURRENT ISSUES IN PUBLIC DEBUREAUCRATIZATION
ADMINISTRATION
GOVERNANCE
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
IN A DEMOCRACY
THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION

5. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS IN INDONESIA
PERIOD
1945 - 1950
PERIOD
1959-
1959-1966
PERIOD
1966-
1966-1999
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS PERIOD
IN INDONESIA 1999 - 2004
PERIOD
2004-
2004-NOW
LOCAL GOVERNMENT POLITICAL
INSTITUTIONS BEFORE 2004
LOCAL GOVERNMENT POLITICAL
INSTITUTIONS AFTER 2004

6. ORGANIZATION AND MECHANISM
ORGANIZATION
GOVERNMENT
INSTITUTION
BUREAUCRACY
INTERGOVERNMENTAL
RELATIONS
ORGANIZATION AND DECENTRALIZATION AND
MECHANISM LOCAL AUTONOMY
FISCAL
DECENTRALIZATION
LOCAL FINANCE IN
INDONESIA

7. PLANNING, BUDGETING AND PUBLIC FINANCE
DEVELOPMENT
THEORY
PLANNING
THEORY
BUDGETING
PRINCIPLES
PLANNING, BUDGETING BUDGET CYCLE AND
AND FISCAL POLICY
PUBLIC FINANCE
BUDGET DECISION
MAKING
PUBLIC FINANCE
LOCAL FINANCE IN
INDONESIA

8. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION THEORY
FINAL PAPER ASSIGNMENT
THE UNIVERSITY OF BRAWIJAYA
2006
BUREAUCRACY: THE CASE OF INDONESIA
A KEY CONCEPT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IS
BUREAUCRACY. BUREAUCRACY IS DEFINED AS THE
ADMINISTRATION OF LARGE-SCALE ORGANIZATION
THROUGH DEPARTMENTS AND THEIR AGENCIES (IN
GOVERNMENT SUCH SUBDIVISIONS ARE OFTEN CALLED
BUREAU) THAT ARE MANAGED BY A SET OF APPOINTED
OFFICIALS WHO FOLLOW ESTABLISHED ROUTINES OR
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
BUREAUCRACY THEREFORE IS A PHENOMENON IN BOTH
PUBLIC AS WELL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION. THE
FUNCTIONS OF BUREAUCRACY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
ARE: (1) CARRYING OUT ADMINISTRATION, (2) OFFERING
POLICY ADVICE, (3) ARTICULATING AND AGGREGATING
INTEREST, AND (4) MAINTAINING POLITICAL STABILITY
(HEYWOOD, 2002).
8

9. BUREAUCRACY CONCENTRATES GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY
INTO A COMPLEX STRUCTURE OF ADMINISTRATIVE
BUREAUS. AS WITH THE TERM ADMINISTRATION,
BUREAUCRACY ALSO HAS SUCH NEGATIVE CONNOTATION
AS INEFFICIENT ORGANIZATION, EXCESSIVE RED TAPE,
AND STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENTS THAT IMPEDE AS MUCH
OR MORE THAN SERVE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC
POLICY. THE TERM MAY EVEN DENOTE THE DEHUMANIZING
EFFECTS OF FORMAL ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES THAT
WERE ORIGINALLY DESIGNED TO PROMOTE “NEUTRALITY”,
BUT WHICH CAN DEVELOP INTO PATHOLOGICAL ELEMENTS
ELEMENTS.
EXCESSIVE BUREAUCRACY BECOMES DYSFUNCTIONAL AND
INEFFICIENT. IT THEN SOCIALIZES AGENCY EMPLOYEES TO
FOLLOW RULES AND REGULATIONS TO THE POINT THAT
THEY BECOMES ENDS RATHER THAN MEANS TO A PUBLIC
POLICY GOAL (SEE LEMAY, 2002).
9

10. TO MANY, THE TERM BUREAUCRACY SUGGESTS
INEFFICIENCY AND POINTLESS AND TIME CONSUMING
C C O SS CO SU G
FORMALITIES. AS WALLIS (1989) STATED: “BUREAUCRACY
IS A WORD WHICH IN ORDINARY USE CONJURES UP
NEGATIVE IMAGES IN PEOPLE S MINDS ” IT SUGGESTS A
PEOPLE’S MINDS.
SLOW-MOVING ORGANIZATION, USUALLY ASSOCIATED
WITH GOVERNMENT, WHICH SERVE THE PUBLIC WITH A
MIXTURE OF ARROGANCE DELIBERATE OBSTRUCTION
ARROGANCE,
AND INCOMPETENCE.
10

11. IN INDONESIA BUREAUCRACY HAS BEEN DEVELOPING
AND CHANGING FOLLOWING THE DEVELOPMENT AND
CHANGES IN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM AND
ENVIRONMENT. FOR INSTANCE IN THE EARLY STAGES
UP UNTIL THE NEW ORDER GOVERNMENT, CIVIL
SERVANTS WERE ALLOWED TO BECOME MEMBER OF
POLITICAL PARTIES AND TO BE ACTIVE IN POLITICS.
AFTER THE NEW ORDER CAME TO OFFICE THROUGH THE
REFORM PERIODS UP UNTIL NOW THERE HAVE BEEN
S C O SO O
RESTRICTIONS ON THE POLITICAL ASSOCIATION AND
C SSOC O
ACTIVITIES OF CIVIL SERVANTS.
11

12. THE STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION HAS
ALSO UNDERGONE CHANGES THROUGH THE DIFFERENT
PERIODS OF INDONESIA’S POLITICAL HISTORY. THE
’
MOST RECENT IS THE INTRODUCTION OF A BILL (DRAFT
OF LAW) INITIATED BY THE PARLIAMENT ON
GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES FOR THE FIRST TIME IN
MINISTRIES.
HISTORY GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION WILL BE
REGULATED BY LAW. UP TO THIS TIME GOVERNMENT
ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BEEN REGULATED ONLY BY
PRESIDENTIAL DECREES.
S C S
12

13. FOR THE FINAL PAPER OF THIS COURSE THE STUDENTS
ARE TASKED TO WRITE THE PAPER ON THE NATURE OF
BUREAUCRACY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF
BUREAUCRACY IN CHANGING POLITICAL
ENVIRONMENT. BASED ON THE RESEARCH AND
ANALYTICAL WORK THE STUDENT WILL OFFER THEIR
OPINION ON HOW TO IMPROVE BUREAUCRATIC
PERFORMANCE IN A DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM, TAKING
INDONESIA AS THE CASE
CASE.
13

14. TO HELP THE STUDENT IN THE RESEARCH THE
FOLLOWING MATERIALS WILL BE MADE AVAILABLE:
DRAFT OF LAW ON GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES.
COMPILATION OF LAWS AND REGULATIONS ON
INDONESIA’S CIVIL SERVICE.
CD ROM ON COMPILATION OF REGULATIONS ON
THE STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS
DEPARTMENTS.
THE 1945 INDONESIAN CONSTITUTION
(AMENDED).
LAW NO 22/2003 ON THE STRUCTURES AND
POSITIONS OF MPR, DPR, DPD, AND DPRD.
14

15. INFORMATION FOR THE FINAL PAPER ASSIGNMENT
EACH STUDENT SHOULD SUBMIT INDIVIDUAL PAPER
FOR THE FINAL EVALUATION
EVALUATION.
THE PAPER SHOULD CONSIST OF 21 PAGES
INCLUDING FRONT COVER AND BIBLIOGRAPHY;
FONT: BOOK ANTIQUA 12; PAPER A4; LINE SPACING
2.
DUE DATE: DECEMBER 22, 2006 (HARD COPY), THE
22 COPY)
HARD COPY SHOULD BE SUBMITTED TO THE
PROGRAM SECRETARIAT AND SOFT COPY TO BE
SENT TO deddy@bappenas.go.id.
15

16. THANK YOU, GOOD LUCK
16