Expertseminar LABOUR MIGRATION IN THE BALTIC SEA COUNTRIES: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS 25 April 2013 Constitutional Hall, Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania, Gedimino av. 53, Vilnius

1. Tuuli Stewart
Estonia

2. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
 the question, how to re-integrate today’s prisoners (criminal offenders)
back to society through entrepreneurialism
 how to find and define the ones who are suitable for possible courses,
developmental plan, entrepreneurial activity
 comparison of our philosophy with Scandinavian model – are there
cultural differences that matter
 Entrepreneurial activity might be a solution for people, who’s
opportunities to be employed legally are limited
 Legal occupation and self-driven income is a cornerstone for societal
integration for immigrants as well as for those, who have been relegated
from the same society
 It is a mindset that needs to be encouraged for alternatives after
release. For all participating parties – the offender, lawmakers and
society

3. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
 The felons are minority in society who’s number is increasing.
Integration capability of those aliens defines the society’s own well-
being through numerous channels
 Our reforms have decreased the number of prisoners, and that’s adorable
but the number of people, who hold criminal records is increasing in society
 Is the problem increasing?
Illustration:
 Baltics had more people on 2010 as in previous years in prisons than
in the army forces;
 The amount of people with criminal record is abnormal;
 The cost for society rises both as fiscal cost and as social effect.
 Since those numbers mostly reflect young men, their fate is related to children,
workforce and health of the society in general

4. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
1. Statistics
with an
emphasis on
Baltic migrants
in Nordic
countries
(prisons)
2. What happened?
Political /social and
other consequences
how these men ended
up in this situation
(being prisoners, being
excluded from society)
3. Who are they?
Social and
demographic
characteristics of
prison-migrants
4. What can we
do?
What are the
challenges (ways)
to reintegrate
them into society
I was proposed to open a discussion on the following topics:
Unfortunately, I can here only briefly focus on the 1st one, but the others are very
important in order to understand the cause effect chain. Perhaps next time…

5. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
RETURN / recidivism in
Baltic states:
 30% - 2 years
 60% - 5 years
 90% - 10 yearsCould we hope to be a part of the Nordic area some day?

6. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
1. What is the connection between
Baltics and Scandinavia through
prisons?
2. Are we interested in those people
in our prisons?

7. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Rate of captives
in Europe
per 100 000
persons of
population
Geographical location and
traditions in connections fill
thrivingly Scandinavian
prisons with foreigners.
In the last 40 years the
number of their local
captives hasn’t risen.
Rehabilitation and after care
programs used in those
prisons, however, are
designed for integration into
local society, ran in local
language and are based on
local culture and mentality.

8. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
MISSION IMPOSSIBLE?
From 2013 Norway has the
first prison opened
separately for foreigners.
Read more:
• Norway needs separate jails
for foreigners
• Separate prisons for foreign
prisoners
Work in Norwegian prisons with Eastern European felons
2012 proved – success in communication largely depends
on cultural understanding.
Eastern Europeans are not al the same but they definitely
are not same with Scandinavians.
Scandinavia has the best prisons for locals but need assistance of the specialists
and researchers from the same culture as captives

9. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Thanks: Ragnar Kristoffersen The IRCE research task force
*Notice the
differences on levels
and dynamics

10. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Thanks: IRCE research task force
Those two charts are filled with many questions and some answers to policies
that might work. Further study is following in cooperation with Nordic colleagues
*Notice the
differences on levels
and dynamics

11. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013

12. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Thanks: Ragnar Kristoffersen The IRCE research task force

13. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013

14. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
COMMON PROBLEMS IN LITHUANIAN AND LATVIAN PRISONS:
• Undereducated / under 4th or 9th grade
• Tuberculosis, HIV / Aids
• Gray prisoners – over 60 years old
• Chronic health problems due to conditions
• Certain types of crime – child molesters, wife beaters etc.
• Addictions / alcohol and drugs
COMMON PROBLEMS AMONG BALTIC PRISONERS IN NORDIC PRISONS:
• Language barriers, incl access to programs
• Absence of the family and communication
• Cultural interpretation

15. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
 Many male prisoners from Lithuania and Latvia in Scandinavian
prisons are well educated first-times in their prime years, who have
young families and quite realistic plans for future compared to the
average among prisoners in their home countries
 This is a well-needed potential in Lithuania and Latvia. Most of them
do want to go home, not to stay in Norway or Sweden. Most of them
do want to study and find a legal alternative.
 Estonia and Finland as a destination are different because Estonians
are commuters
Vilnius prison -- Lukiškių tardymo izoliatorius kalėjimas.
Built 1904, active in 2013

16. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013

17. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013

18. (re)integration of prisoners into society means:
1. Integration from a long term damaging exile
2. In many cases into a new culture, unknown
previously
So, in terms, it is a migration case
You are welcome to ask about the following approaches and programs

19. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Whatever
program is
good
Nothing
works
In 1974 D. Lipton, R. Martinson and J. Wilks, using ‘meta-analysis’, assessed all
the evaluations of criminal rehabilitation programs between 1945 and 1967.
They reached the following conclusion:
‘With few and isolated exceptions, the rehabilitative efforts
that have been reported so far have had no appreciable
effect on recidivism’.
The results of this assessment convinced them that not much seems to work
and one program did not seem more effective than another.

20. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
1. ?
2. ?
3. These people have damaged others AND (have been damaged)
THEMSELVES. More damage during imprisonment should
not deepen this process.
Bernard Shaw: black plus black does not add up as white
What’s „socializing“?
-- Mix socially with others.
-- Make (someone) behave in
a way that is acceptable to
their society
Socialization is a concept concerning the “study of
the developmental processes by which people
acquire cognition, attitudes, and behaviors”

21. Changing Lenses
I have been involved in photography for
many years. One of the lessons I have
learned is how profoundly the lens I look
through affects the outcome.
My choice of lens determines in what
circumstances I can work and how I see.
Tuuli Stewart
Vilnius 2013

22. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
We will have to look to
alternative ways of viewing
both problem and solution.
The source of many of our failures,
I am arguing, lies in the lens through
which we view crime and justice,
and that lens is a particular construction
of reality, a paradigm.
It is not the only possible paradigm.

23. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
• Are those prisoners
different people?
 Domestic
 Migrants
• Are they different from
other migrants?
 In which way?
• Are they migrants?
• Motivation for crime-free
lifestyle.
• Motivational interviewing
and pro-social modeling as a
way for learning.
• Practical help and
information.
• Breaking exclusion, building
trust and inclusion.
• No, this is not a guaranteed
road that works on all but is it
worth a try?

24. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Prisoner
Learn-acy
Public
Trust
Motive?
Respect
Legal
Administration
Consistency
Learnacy - ability to
learn new
information and skills

25. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Learn-
ACY
Skills
Social,
practical
Knowledge
How does it
work?
„Language“
Terminology
to operate
Values,
norms
Religion

26. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
 A game = an ideal world with rules (for all)
 Reality games – rules differ (change the chairs with a
blind, tied up etc. )
Obstacles in life – are there rules?
Confusion in relationships – expectations for rules
- - - - - - - - - -
 Picturing, story telling, reading, writing
 A plant, the wheel of life etc
 Role play – write your script, a letter to yourself
 Movies –> community & court vs you
What works?

27. Conflict analyze course for inmates
Tuuli Stewart

28. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
One of those:
Or pick your own…

29. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
ISSUES
PERSONALITI
ES
EMOTIONS
INTERESTS, NEEDS, AND
DESIRES
SELF-PERCEPTIONS AND SELF-
ESTEEM
HIDDEN EXPECTATIONS
UNRESOLVED ISSUES FROM THE PAST
“an iceberg of conflict” – we may
take just one conflict situation from
a movie (or reading) and discuss it
in those layers/
Do we find similar conflict layers
around us?
*I do avoid bringing personal
examples, I do not want to know
personal stories, we do not
discuss each other's cases – we
just “play”
Just the tip of
the iceberg

30. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
The course is aimed to three main directions:
1. To see, what others see in us
2. To adapt our behavior, to adjust expectations, to learn the “language”
3. In order to see the point of the conflict
The groups could be from 1-2 people up to 12 people, depending on
circumstances.
The course could take up to 5-6 meetings.
At the end, we watch the movie again. Not the same one and hopefully, not with
the same eyes, as in the beginning.

31. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013

32. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Outerworld

33. Example:
Elevator program in
FreTex Norway
against poverty and
for Green Earth everywhere
The program is creating JOBs for immigrants and newly released from prisons

34. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
• lots of clothing (tons) in Oslo, big part of which have
never been used
• Need of practical help with clothing in other countries
• Our wish to form a better practical aid-network with
other countries
• A wish to integrate migrants and prisoners through legal
networks and occupation

35. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
• A receiving country would create a project where released
offenders can be occupied
• The project is SELLING donated clothes and this money is giving
salary / coverage to released persons for a new start
 Housing
 Food
 Transportation
 Consultation
 Etc…
 DIGNITY! – slogan from Scandinavian prisons: all we take
away is freedom

36. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Learn to ask for a missing piece

37. Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuuli
Stewart
Vilnius 2013
Tuulist@yahoo.com