Communication skills , types of communication ,Levels of Communication:

1. {
Communication
Skills
Presented by:
Harsh shah 04

2.  The exchange of information, ideas and knowledge
between sender and receiver through an accepted
code of symbols.
 Two way process
 The term ‘communication’, derived from a Latin
term ‘communicare’.
 Sender-Encoding-Mediums-Decoding-Receiver-
Feedback
Introduction

3. Communication Process
Communication is the process of sending and receiving
information among people…

4. 1. Formal – Informal
2. Oral – Written
3. Internal – External
4. Verbal – Non-Verbal
Types of Communication:

5. 1. Intrapersonal Communication:
.The communication occurs within one's mind or when an
individual talks to him or herself when nobody is around..
Example: Motivating one self.
2. Extrapersonal Communication :
Communication between human beings and non-human entities.
Example: A man talking to his pet dog.
Levels of Communication:

6. 3. Interpersonal Communication :
When there is interaction between two or more people through
any verbal or non-verbal means then this type of
communication is called interpersonal communication.
This can be formal or informal.
.
4. Organisational Communication :
Communication in organisation takes place at different
hierarchical levels. Since Large number of employees are
involved, the need to communicate becomes greater.
This kind of communication is further divided into:
 Internal-operational:
All communication that occurs in conducting work within an
organisation is called inter-operational.

7. External-operational:
The work-related communication that an organisation does with
people outside the organisation is called external-operational.
Personal:
All communication in an organisation that occurs without
purpose as far as business is concerned is called personal
communication.
5. Mass Communication :
For this kind of communication we require a mediator to transmit
information. As large audience is concerned, it is impersonal and
utmost care is required by the sender in encoding the message.
Large reach
Mass media communication reach large audience scattered over a
wide area.
Impersonality
This kind of communication is largely impersonal as the
participants are unknown to each other.

8. Flows of Communication:

9. 1. Downward Communication :
Downward communication flows from a person of higher post
in an organisation to a person of lower post.
Example: Manager communicating with his employee.
2. Upward Communication :
Upward communication flows from a person of lower post in an
organisation to a person of higher post. Managers rely on
upward communication for making certain decisions or solving
some problems.
Example: Employee submits certain reports.
Flows of Communication:

10. 3. Horizontal or Lateral Communication:
This form of communication takes places among peer groups or
hierarchically equivalent employees. Such communication is
necessary to facilitate coordination, save time, and bridge the
communication gap among various departments.
Example: The employee of production section sending
some surveys to the employee of marketing
section.
4. Diagonal or Cross-wise Communication:
Diagonal communication flows in all directions and cuts across
functions and levels in an organisation. Diagonal communication
is also referred to as radial or circular communication.
Example: A managing Director could directly call a
supervisor and give instructions.
Sales manager communicates directly with the
Vice President.

11. 1. Kinesics :
Study of body’s physical movements like motion, facial expressions,
gestures, eye contact, body posture etc. These are all communicable
body movements that are important for passing non-verbal signals.
2. Proxemics :
Responding by proximity, a person can pass non-verbal signals.
If you know a person you will let him in your personal space, if not
you won’t.
3. Haptics :
Haptics has very specific meanings in different cultures.
It is science concerning human interaction by touch.
Effects of Non-Verbal
Communication

12. In one culture frequent touching can indicate closeness but in
second, it can indicate as being pushy.
4. Chronemics :
Chronemics is said to be concerned with attitude towards timing
and punctuality.
In some cultures, people are liberal and in others it shows
irresponsible behaviour.
5. Vocalics :
It is study of non-verbal cues of voice.
It is concerned with volume pitch and tone.

13. General & Technical
Communication
 General:
 Contains a general message
 Informal in style and
approach
 No set pattern
 Mostly oral
 Not always for a specific
audience
 No use of technical terms or
graphics
 Technical:
 Contains a technical message
 Mostly formal in style and
approach
 Follows a set pattern
 Both oral and written
 Always for a specific
audience
 Frequently involves charts,
graphics etc.

14. A barrier is any distortion, interference faced by a sender
or a receiver during the communication process.
They can be of different types:
1. Physical Barrier :
These barriers can occur due to distance, inability or non-
supporting environment.
Example: Noise, humidity or temperature.
2. Psychological Barrier :
State of mind effects the communication.
Attitudes and opinions disturb the communication.
Barriers of
Communication:

15. Close mindedness is one of the most common psychological
barrier. It results into distrust and inattention.
Example: Anger towards the speaker due to some
reasons.
3. Linguistic Barrier :
Sometimes wrong interpretation can result into poor
communication.
It can occur due to different meanings of same words.
Sometimes, poor expression or defective transmission results
into delivering wrong message.
4. Cultural Barrier :
Different cultures give different meanings to same words.
Sender of a message needs to know cultural background of the
audience.
Sometimes due to different cultures one may not be able to
express what one means.

16. Thank You