2. BIRD FLU
Bird flu or Avian influenza is an infectious disease of birds caused by
Type A strains of the influenza virus
Domestic poultry i.e. Chickens are most susceptible
Migratory waterfowl or wild ducks are the natural reservoir of bird flu
Direct contact with the bird
Contact with dirt, cages or any surface contaminated by the organism
3. SIGN OF INFECTION IN BIRDS
Sudden death
Lack of energy and appetite
Swelling of head, eyelids, comb, wattles and legs
Purple discoloration of wattles and comb
Nasal discharge
Diarrhea
4. BIRD FLU AND HUMAN BEING
First human case were seen in Hong Kong in 1997
Human got infected by the direct contact with infected animal
Symptoms in human includes
Fever, headache, sore throat
Muscle aches, Lethargy
Conjunctivitis
Breathing problems and chest pain
6. SEVERE ACUTE
RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
(SARS)
S.A.R.S. is a serious respiratory virus, which killed nearly 800 people
worldwide in the months following its emergence in November 2002
Experts believe that after infection with S.A.R.S., the incubation
period can be up to 10 days
Known symptoms are similar to those of the flu, including high fever,
headache, sore throat, and cough
At present, the mortality rate is approximately 4% - four cases in 100
are fatal
There is no vaccine. There is also no specific antiviral treatment
designed to treat S.A.R.S
7. TRANSMISSION
It is likely that infection takes place through droplets of body
fluids - produced by sneezing or coughing
Droplets from coughing and sneezing and close human contact
likely transmit the SARS virus. The respiratory droplets are
probably absorbed into the body through the mucous
membranes of the mouth, nose, and eyes.
This could be through:
hugging and kissing
sharing utensils for eating and drinking
speaking to someone within a distance of 3 feet
touching someone directly
8. A person with the virus can spread the infection by leaving
respiratory droplets on objects, such as door handles, doorbells, and
telephones. These are then picked up by someone else.
The virus is likely to remain active in the environment for several
days.
Face masks can stop its spread, but it is unclear exactly how much
protection they offer against viral particles.
9. SYMPTOMS
Symptoms normally appear within 3 to 5 days after exposure to
the SARS virus, but they can develop after 2 to 7 days. During
the incubation period, before symptoms appear, the disease is
not contagious.
Most cases of SARS begin with a high fever. Other early
symptoms include those common to flu, such as aches, chills,
diarrhea, dry coughing, and shortness of breath. These will
develop over the course of a week.
10. Patients may go on to develop pneumonia, an infection of the lungs.
Serious complications, such as respiratory failure, heart failure, and
liver failure may occur.
These complications are more likely in people aged over 60 years,
and those with pre-existing co-morbidities, such
as diabetes or hepatitis.
11. HOW TO AVOID IT
The best way to stop the spread of S.A.R.S. is to isolate people with
the virus and those thought to have been in contact with them.
Experts predict the virus will continue to pose a threat - and warn
that health authorities need to be ever vigilant for its return.
12. DANGUE
FEVER
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by
the dengue virus. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days
after infection.
Dengue (pronounced DENgee) fever is a painful, debilitating
mosquito-borne disease caused by any one of four closely related
dengue viruses. These viruses are related to the viruses that cause
West Nile infection and yellow fever.
13. TRANSMISSION OF
DISEASE
Dengue virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes,
particularly A. aegypti.
Humans are the primary host of the virus, but it also circulates in
nonhuman primates. An infection can be acquired via a single bite. A
female mosquito that takes a blood meal from a person infected with
dengue fever, during the initial 2- to 10-day febrile period, becomes
itself infected with the virus in the cells lining its gut. About 8–10
days later, the virus spreads to other tissues including the
mosquito's salivary glands and is subsequently released into its saliva
14. SYMPTOMS OF DENGUE
FEVER
Symptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up
to 10 days, may include
Sudden, high fever
Severe headaches
Pain behind the eyes
Severe joint and muscle pain
Fatigue
Nausea
Vomiting
Skin rash, which appears two to five days after the onset of fever
Mild bleeding (such a nose bleed, bleeding gums, or easy bruising)
15. A rare complication characterized by
high fever
damage to lymph and blood vessels,
bleeding from the nose and gums
enlargement of the liver
and failure of the circulatory system.
The symptoms may progress to massive bleeding, shock, and death.
This is called dengue shock syndrome (DSS).
16. PRECAUTION
To lower your risk when traveling to areas where dengue is found
Wear insect repellent with DEET(chemical name, N,N-diethyl-meta-
toluamide)
Wear clothes that cover your arms, legs and feet
Close unscreened doors and windows
17. TREATMENT OF DENGUE
There is no specific treatment.
Most people with dengue recover within 2 weeks.
Until then, drinking lots of fluids
Resting and taking non-aspirin fever-reducing medicines might
help.
Papaya juice is also used in dengue fever
People with the more severe forms of dengue usually need to go to
the hospital and get fluids.
