Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher born in 1588 who studied at Oxford University. He traveled throughout Europe and became interested in different forms of government. He is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy. Hobbes believed that humans in a state of nature would be in constant conflict due to their selfish desires, and that an absolute monarchy was the best form of government to enforce laws and order. In his most famous work, Leviathan, he argued people surrender some freedoms to a sovereign ruler in exchange for protection and peace.

1. 3rd Year
Seminar by Muhammad Aziz
‘’THOMASHOBBES ’’
Supervised by;
Payman Karim

2. Introduction and
background

3.  born in Westport, England, on April 5, 1588,died in 1679
 He received his college education at Oxford University in England, where he
studied classics.
 He was one of the founders of modern political philosophy.
 Hobbes traveled to other European countries several times to meet with
scientists and to study different forms of government.
 During his time outside of England, Hobbes became interested in why people
allowed themselves to be ruled and what would be the best form of
government for England.
Academic, Philosopher, Political Scientist, Journalist, Historian

6.  De Cive (1642; "Concerning the Citizen")
 , De Corpore(1655; "Concerning Body")
 and De Homine (1658; "Concerning Man")

7. Political involvement
 The Cavendish family, Hobbes entered circles
where the activities of the king, members of
Parliament, and other wealthy landowners were
discussed.

9.  The conflict between
government and the people.
 The selfishness of people(society).

10.  English Civil Wars (1642-1651), which led to the
king being executed and a republic being
declared, and Hobbes left the country to preserve
his personal safety, living in France from 1640 to
1651.
 Systems of
goverenment.

11. Leviathan

12.  In it, he argued that people were naturally wicked
and could not be trusted to govern. Therefore,
Hobbes believed that an absolute monarchy - a
government that gave all power to a king or queen
- was best.
 He said that the natural state of man (without any
civil government is War)
 The life of man
(solitary,poor,nasty,brutish,short).the condition of
man (is a condition of war of everyone against
every one).

13.  In particular, men desire power.cause of human
strife and conflict(war of all upon all).
 Men live in the state of nature,that is life without
any central authority,humans are in perpetual
danger from each other and incapable of living in
harmony.
 He consider that society is only a mixture of
selfishness,violence,fear and people motivated by
selfishness their always coming in to conflict.

14.  Hobbes defends an abslute monarchy,power
resides in the king or queen,as this absolute
power to create and enforce laws was necessary
for justice and the formation of a moral society.
 People agreed to surrender part of their natural
freedom to an absolute ruler an preserve the rest
instead.

15. Review
 Born: 5 April 1588Westport near Malmesbury,
Wiltshire, England.
 Died: 4 December 1679 (aged 91).
 Era: 17th-century philosophy(Modern Philosophy).
 Main interests:Political philosophy, history,
ethics,geometry.
 Notable ideas: Modern founder of the social
contract tradition; life in the state of nature is "solitary,
poor, nasty, brutish and short“
 He defending absolute power to king or queen to
enforce the laws and create a moral society.
 Most well known work:Leviathan,The elements of law
natural and politics,de cive,de corpore,de homine.